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Anglo-Saxon

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on-geagn

  • preposition
Dictionary links
Grammar
on-geagn, -gegen, -gægn, -gegn, -geán, -gán, -geǽn, -gén. <b>A.</b> prep.
often following a case.
with dat.
marking position,
opposite, over against, against
Show examples

  • Breoton . . . ðám mǽstum dǽlum Európe myccle fæce ongegen (-gén, MS.C.: -geán, MS. B.)

    Britannia. . . maximis Europae partibus multo intervallo adversa,

      Bd. l, l; S. 473, 10.

  • Nebo on ðam lande Moab ongeán (

    over against

    )
      Iericho, Deut. 32, 49.

  • Gangaþ on ðás ceaster-wíe ðe inc. ongeán standeþ,

      Blickl. Homl. 69, 35.

  • Ðá arn hé and gestód ongeán (

    opposite

    ) ðam lége,
      221, 11.

  • Wæs ongeán ðyssum wæterscipe glæsen fæt

    a glass vessel was placed so thai the water ran into it,

      209, 4.

  • Mín syn biþ symble ongeán mé

    my sin is ever before me,

      L. E. I. 30; Th. ii. 426, 40.
marking motion,
towards, in the direction of, to meet, in the way of
Show examples

  • Héht his þegnas hine beran ongeán ðæm fýre

    jussit se obviam ignium globis efferi,

      Bd. 2, 7; S. 509, 24.

  • Bæd ðæt him mon brohte ðone triumphan ongeán,

      Ors. 5, 12; Swt. 240, 2: Shrn. 129, 21.

  • Him com seó menio ongeán (-gægn,

      Lind. Rush.), Jn. Skt. 12, 18.

  • Férdon ongeán ðǽm héðnum

    they marched against the heathens,

      Blickl. Homl. 203, 2.
marking opposition, hostility in action or feeling,
against
Show examples

  • Swá se wind swíðor slóg on ðone lég, swá bræc hé swíðor ongeán ðæm winde,

      221, 13.

  • Hé hié lǽrde, ðæt hié hié forþ trymedan ongeán heora feóndum,

      201, 36.

  • Ic niste ðæt ðú stóde ongeán mé

    I knew not that you opposed me,

      Num. 22, 34.
  • Ne hit for ðæm bryne wandode ðæs hátan léges ðe him wæs ongeán. Nar. 15, 21.

  • Ðonne storm cyme mínum gǽste ongegn,

      Exon. Th. 455, 33; Hy. 4, 59.
denoting waiting for what is coming,
against, for the reception of, to receive
Show examples

  • Ongeán gramum gearowe stódon

    stood ready for the attack of the foes,

      Byrht. Th. 134, 46; By. 100.

  • Biþ súsla hús open ongeán áðlogum

    open against the coming of the perjurers,

      Exon. Th. 98, 10; Cri. 1605.

  • Him biþ fýr ongeán

    fire awaits them,

      446, 7; Dóm. 18.
marking direction where no actual motion takes place
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  • Seó eádge biseah ongeán gramum,

      280, 12; Jul. 628.
in reply to
Show examples

  • Hig cwǽdon mé ongeán,

      St. And. 40, 14.
denoting contrast
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  • Ongeán ðam

    e contra . . .

    Ongeán ðyssum spelle,
      Bd. 5, 13; S. 632, 2-4.

  • Swá wé oftor hig (

    our sins) gemunaþ, swá forgyt God hyra hraðor . . . Ðonne ongeán ðon (on the contrary )

    swá wé oftor misdǽda forgytaþ, swá gemon hig God geornor,
      L. E. I. 30; Th. ii. 426, 36.
in return for, as an equivalent for
Show examples

  • Hé hine on eorþan streccan ongan, ongeán ðam heó eác hí ástrehte,

      Glostr. Frag. 102, 6.

  • Ongeán ðam andgyte se deófol forgifþ stuntnysse,

      Wulfst. 59, 6-19.
  • Cf. II. 7.
with the acc.
marking position,
opposite, over against (v. foran)
Show examples

  • Án ðæra gárena líþ ongeán ðæt ígland ðe Gades hátte, óðer ongeán ðæt land Narbonense, se þridda . . . ongeán ðæne múðan,

      Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 24, 3-6.

  • Hé sæt ðǽr ihm getǽht wæs ongeán ðone cyngc,

      Ap. Th. 14, 13.

  • Ðá sæt se Hǽlend ongén (-geán,

      MS. A.: -gægn, Lind.: -gægn, Rush.) ðone brýdguman, Mt. Kmbl. 25, I. 6.

  • Woldon ferian ða herehýð ongeán ða scipu,

      Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 24.

  • Ðá flugon ða légetu ongeán ða hǽðnan leóde, Blickl. Homl. 203, 10. (2 a) against, in a direction opposite to :-- Ongeán streám

    in a direction opposite to that in which the stream flows,

      Cod. Dip. B. i. 502, 3: ii. 374, 10.
denoting hostility, resistance, or opposition in action or feeling,
against, with, contrary to, in opposition to
Show examples

  • Se lég ongan sleán and brecan ongeán ðone wind,

      Blickl. Homl. 221, 12.

  • Æfter hǽðenum gewunan, ongeán heora cristendóm,

      Homl. Th. i. 100, 20.

  • Ongǽn þúsendfealde deriende cræftas

    contra mille nocendi artes,

      Wrt. Voc. ii. 135, 29.

  • Ongién allo ús wiðerwordnisse swííre girǽc

    contra cuncta nobis adversaria dexteram extende,

      Rtl. 14, 38.

  • Him láð wǽre ðæt hí ongeán heora cynehláford standan sceoldan,

      Chr. 1048 ; Erl. 178, 31.
  • Wearþ swíðe gestired se here ongeán ðone biscop, 1012 ; Erl. 146, 13.

  • Ðæt heó yrsige ongeán leahtras (-es,

      MS.), Homl. Skt. i. l, 104.

  • Hé gewát yrre ongén hig,

      Num. 12, 9.

  • Ðæt folc . . . ceorodon ongeán God . . . Wé sprǽcon ongeán God,

      21, 5-7.

  • Hwylce wróhte bringe gé ongeán ðysne man,

      Jn. Skt. 18, 29.

  • Næfst ðú náne mihte ongeán (ad-versum) mé, 19, ll. Ic ne mǽg nó wiðcweþan ne furþum ongeán ðæt geþencan

    I cannot contradict, I cannot even have a conception contrary to it.

      Bt. 34, l; Fox 134, 29.
marking direction where no actual motion takes place
Show examples

  • Hí elciaþ ongeán ðone deáþ, and mid ealle ne forfleóþ . . . Úre Álýsend ne elcode ná ongeán ðone deáþ ac hé hine oferswíðde

    Enoch and Elias delay to meet death, and do not at all avoid it . . . Our Redeemer did not delay to meet death, but he overcame it,

      Homl. Th. i. 308, 2-8.

  • Hé ne dorste beseón ongén God,

      Ex. 3, 6.

  • Hé fægnaþ ongeagn (-geán, Cott. MSS.) ðara óðerra word

    he rejoices at the words of the others,

      Past. 17, 3; Swt. 111, 10.

  • Ðæt cild ongeán his Hláfordhyhte and hine hálette

    the hope of the child went out to meet his Lord, and he hailed him,

      Blickl. Homl. 165, 29.
in reply to
Show examples
  • Ne andwyrtst ðú nán þing ongén ða ðe ðiss ðé onsecgeaþ. Mt. Kmbl. 26, 62.
denoting contrast or comparison
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  • Seó næddre is geset on ðam godspelle ongeán ðone fisc in the gospel the serpent is put in contrast to the fish, Homl. Th. i. 252, I. Feáwa ongeán getel ðæra wiðercorena

    few in comparison with the number of the reprobate,

      536, 32.
against as in to set one thing against another,
as an equivalent for, in return for, in exchange for
Show examples

  • Þolige cyle ongeán (in atonement for) ða hlíwþe, L. Pen. 16;

    Th. ii.

      284, 5.

  • Hé gesealde twá gegrynd ongén ðes mynstres mylne,

    Ch.

      Th. 231, 24: 232, 3.

  • Ælfríc sealde ðæt land æt Hacce*-*burnan ongeán ðæt land set Deccet,

      288, 12.

  • Hig of ðám lúdeum foránum penige xxx gesealdon, ongeán ðæt ðæt ða lúdeas úrne Hǽlend mid xxx penegum gebohton,

      St. And. 36, 26.
marking readiness for a coming event,
against, ready for
Show examples

  • Híg lédon forþ hira lác ongeán ðætte losep in eode

    they made ready their presents against Joseph came,

      Gen. 43, 25.

  • Ðonne sceolde fyrd út ongeán ðæt hí up woldon,

      Chr. 1010; Erl. 144, 4.
marking time,
towards
Show examples

  • Fela ongeán winter hám tugon,

      Chr. 1096; Erl. 233, 22. B. as an adverb.
marking position,
opposite
Show examples

  • Ic stande on ðás healfe and dú ongeán ego in hac parte sto, tu contra, hér is se

    contra

    adverbium,
      Ælfc. Gr. 47; Som. 47, 50.
  • Is Gotland on óðre healfe ongeán. Ors. 1, l; Swt. 19, 20.

  • Se hundredman ðe ðár stód ágén (ongeán, MS. A.: ongægn, Lind. Rush.)

    ex adverso stabat,

      Mk. Skt. 15, 39.
marking motion
Show examples

  • Ðá com mycel windes blǽd foran ongeán (

    in the opposite direction

    ),
      Blickl. Homl. 199, 21.

  • Ætstód se streám and ongan to þindenne ongeán (

    in the direction opposite to that in which had come

    ),
      Jos. 3, 16.
denoting return, reversal of a previous action,
again, back; Lat re-
Show examples

  • Ða bodan ongeán cómon tó Jacobe,

      Gen. 32, 6.

  • Ic fare eft ongeán,

      Num. 22, 34.

  • Hé gewende ongeán tó dam cynge,

      Chr. 1048; Erl. 178, 5.

  • Ongeán cirran

    reverti

    ,
      Gen. 8, 7.

  • Ongeán fleón

    refugere,

      Ælfc. Gr. 28, 6; Som. 32, 47.

  • Ongén sceát, ongeán hwyrfde

    retrorsit,

      Hpt. Gl. 505, 59.
with verbs of speaking,
in reply
Show examples

  • Sóhte gylpword ongeán,

      Cd. Th. 17, 23; Gen. 264.

  • Ða wergendan ne sceal mon ná ongeán werian,

      R. Ben. 17, 13.

  • Brimmanna boda, ábeód ongeán,

      Byrht. Th. 133, 13; By. 49.
marking direction without actual motion,
towards
Show examples

  • Ðonne hé síþ ongán

    cum viderit,

      Ps. Th. 57, 9.

  • Hié ongeán lócian ne mihton,

      Blickl. Homl. 203, 11.
denoting opposition or resistance
Show examples

  • Ðá stód Grantabrycgscír fæstlíce ongeán,

      Chr. 1010; Erl. 143, 20.

  • Nolde seó burhwaru ábúgan, ac heóldan mid fullan wíge ongeán,

      1013; Erl. 148, 12.

  • Ealle ða yldestan menn on West-Seaxon lágon ongeán swá hí lengost mihton ac hí ne mihton nán þing ongeán wealcan

    all the chief men of Wessex resisted as long as ever they could, but they could not offer any effectual opposition,

      1036; Erl. 165, 1-3.

  • Ongén sette

    objecte,

      Wrt. Voc. ii. 115, 25.
marking contrast,
on the other hand
Show examples

  • God sette beforan eów líf and gód, and ðǽr ongén deáþ and yfel,

      Deut. 30, 15.
marking repetition,
again
Show examples

  • Drihten cwæþ: Dó ðíne hand on dínne bósum . . . Ðá cwæþ hé: Teóh eft ðíne hand on ðínne bósum. Ðá teáh hé hig ongeán,

      Ex. 4, 6-7.
Etymology
[O. Sax. an-gegin: O. H. Ger. in-gagan and in-gegin, -gegini: Ger. ent-gegen : Icel. í-gegn and cf. gagn-.]
Linked entries
v.  a-gén a-gén on-gegen.
Entry information
Citation

Bosworth, Joseph. “on-geagn.” In An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online, edited by Thomas Northcote Toller, Christ Sean, and Ondřej Tichy. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2014. https://bosworthtoller.com/24560.

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Full form

Word-wheel

  • on-geagn, prep.

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