Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

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tó

  • preposition
Dictionary links
Grammar
tó, prep. adv.
Wright's OE grammar
§559; §584; §656;
with dat. (
) with words expressing motion.
with verbs of coming, going, falling, etc., marking the end reached by that which moves,
to, at
Show examples

  • Cómon twégen englas tó ðære birig,

      Gen. 19, 1.

  • God him com tó,

      20, 3: Mk. Skt. 5, 21.

  • Hé férde tó ðam munte,

      Gen. 19, 30.

  • Féran tó ðissum dimman hám,

      Cd. Th. 271, 27; Sat. 111.

  • Bryne stígeþ tó heofonum,

      Exon. Th. 233, 7; Ph. 521.

  • Conon gelende tó ðære byrig,

      Ors. 3, 1; Swt. 98, 23.

  • Néðan tó hilde,

      Cd. Th. 124, 11; Gen. 2061.

  • Ðá feóll hé tó ðæs Hǽlendes fótum,

      Lk. Skt. 8, 41: 5, 8.

  • Hé feóll tó foldan,

      Andr. Kmbl. 1835; An. 920.

  • Búgan tó eorðan, Rood Kmbl. 84,

      Kr. 43.

  • Nú sceal hé faran tó incre andsware,

      Cd. Th. 35, 19; Gen. 557.
with verbs of bringing, bearing, drawing, sending, taking, etc., marking the end reached by that which is moved
Show examples

  • Méce ðone ðín fæder tó gefeohte

    bær,

      Beo. Th. 4103; B. 2048.

  • Hí him tó nimaþ mægeð tó gemæccum,

      Cd. Th. 76, 17; Gen. 1258.

  • Him fetigean tó sprecan síne,

      161, 17; Gen. 2666.

  • Hé hine lǽdde tó ðam hálgan hám,

      300, 19; Sat. 567.

  • Hé him tó sende áras síne,

      146, 15; Gen. 2422.

  • Hé his gingran sent tó ðínre sprǽce,

      33, 6; Gen. 516.

  • Sende se Fæder his sunu tó cwále,

      Homl. Th. ii. 6, 17.

  • Hé tó áwylte stán tó hlide ðære byrgene,

      Mt. Kmbl. 27, 60.
where the motion is directed to, but does not reach the object
Show examples

  • Hí tó ðam hǽðengilde bugon,

      Num. 25, 2.

  • Ealle ábúgaþ tó ðé,

      Hy. 7, 10.

  • Hié onhnigon tóðam herige,

      Cd. Th. 227, 3; Dan. 181.

  • Áhyld mé ðín eáre tó inclina ad me aurem tuam, Ps. Th. 70, 2. (Ia) with words implying motion :-- Hig woldon tó Basan

    ascenderunt per viam Basan,

      Num. 21, 33: Chr. 1036; Erl. 164, 26.

  • Hé héht him Abraham tó

    he summoned Abraham to him,

      Cd. Th. 112, 3; Gen. 1865: 249,18; Dan. 532: Elen. Kmbl. 307; El. 154.
where the motion is figurative,
with words denoting change of condition, marking that to which a thing is changed, what a thing becomes, to what a thing is brought
Show examples

  • Hé heora wæter wende tó blóde,

      Ps. Th. 104, 25 : Cd. Th. 17, 13 ; Gen. 259.

  • Heó alle forsceóp Drihten tó deóflum,

      20, 14; Gen. 309: Bt. 38, l; Fox 194, 33.

  • His gebed hweorfe tó fyrenutn,

      Ps. Th. 108, 6.

  • Forhwerfde tó sumum dióre,

      Met. 26, 87.
  • Ðá wearð hé tó deófle. Homl. Th. i. 12, 22: Cd. Th. 20, 9 ; Gen. 305.
  • Weorðan tó duste. Ps. Th. 89, 6.

  • Ðú scealt tó frófre weorþan leódum ðínum,

      Beo. Th. 3419; B. 1707.

  • Weorðan tó wræce,

      Elen. Kmbl. 33; El. 17.
  • Hí weorþaþ tó náuhte. Bt. 21; Fox 74, 36.
  • Tó hwon sculon wit weorðan ? Cd. Th. 50, 28 ; Gen. 815.

  • Ic tó náwihte eom gebíged

    ad nihilum redactus sum,

      Ps. Th. 72, 17, 16.
  • Paulus hine áwende of wóge tó rihte. Homl. Skt. ii. 29, 8.

  • Swá is lár and ár tó spówendre sprǽce gelǽded,

      Exon. Th. 139, 14; Gú. 593.
  • Ðam yfelan men ne becymþ tó nánum góde, gif hé ðæs hálgan húsles unwurðe onbyrigþ. Homl. Th. ii. 278, 4.
with words denoting attainment, reaching to an object
Show examples

  • Fón tó ríce

    to come to ens throne,

      Chr. 871; Erl. 76, 3, and often. Ðé tó
    heortan grípeþ ádl, Cd Th. 57, 30; Gen. 936.
with verbs of attracting, alluring, drawing, forcing, etc.
Show examples

  • On ðæm weorce ðe hine nán willa tó ne spón,

      Past. 33; Swt. 215, 10.

  • Done fultum ðe hé him tó áspanan mehte. Ors. 3,

      9; Swt. 126, 10.
  • Þurh láre spanan tó gefeán. Andr. Kmbl. 1195; An. 598.

  • Ðæt ða sinhíwan tó swylte geteáh. Exon. Th. 153,

      10; Gú. 823.
  • Tó ðam gebede gebǽdon. Cd. Th. 228, 15 ; Dan. 202. v. ge-nýdan.
marking the end of extent,
marking the object reached
Show examples

  • Hí woldon witon hú heáh hit wǽre tó ðæm hefone. Bt. 35,

      4; Fox 162, 22.

  • Ðanon wǽre tó helle duru hund þúsenda míla,

      Cd. Th. 310, 8; Sat. 723.

  • Sió stów ðe se weg tó ligþ,

      Bt. 33, 4; Fox 132, 37.

  • Weg tó wuldre,

      Elen. Kmbl. 2297; El. 1150.

  • Strǽte tó englum,

      Cd. Th. 282, 17; Sat. 228.
marking degree
Show examples

  • Gé etaþ tó fylle,

      Lev. 26, 5.

  • Seóð tó feórðan dǽle,

      Lchdm. i. 188, 22.

  • Seó sunne þýstrode tó sweartre nihte, Homl. Skt. ii. 29, ii. Hé wearð tó feore áfyrht

    he was mortally afraid,

      Homl. Th. i. 384, 7: Homl. Skt. i. 7, 242.

  • Fæsten tó berenan hláfe

    a fast when nothing better than barley bread should be eaten.

      Wulfst. 173, 10.

  • Tó ánum mǽle fæstende

    fasting to the point of taking but one meal in the day.

      Homl. Skt. i. 20, 43.

  • Gif man ðæt fýr sceal tó áhte Scwæncan,

      Wulfst. 157, 9.

  • Tó náhte

    not at all,

      190, 18 : 191, 3.

  • Wǽron hié tó ðæm gesárgode, ðæt hié ne mehton Súð-Seaxna lond útan berówan,

      Chr. 897; Erl. 96, 8.

  • Wæter-seócnyss hine ofereode tó ðan swíðe, ðæt . . . ,

      Homl. Th. i. 86, 10.

  • Wela ne mæg his hláford gehealdan tó ðon ðæt hé ne þurfe máran ful-tumes,

      Bt. 29, l; Fox 102, 16.
marking result attained, effect produced, so as to produce or become, to (the satisfaction, etc. ).
where the object is concrete
Show examples

  • Tóbrecan tó styccum,

      Bd. 3, 6; S. 528, 21.

  • Ceorfan tó sticcon,

      Lev. I. 6.
where the object is abstract
Show examples

  • Ða ðe ealle gewítendlíce ðing tó ðæra apostola efenlǽcunge (

    and so imitate the apostles)

    forseóð for intingan ðæs écan lífes,
      Homl. Th. i. 398, 23.

  • Hannibal æt ðære ié gewícade eallum Rómánum tó ðæm mǽstan ege

    (which was the cause of very great terror to all the Romans),

      Ors. 4, 9 ; Swt. 194, 8.

  • Geweóx hé him tó wælfylle

    he grew up to be a cause of destruction to them,

      Beo. Th. 3427; B. 1711: Salm. Kmbl. 747; Sal. 373.

  • Gif hé hwæt tó góde gefremode. Homl. Th. i. 332, 5: 8, 9: Exon. Th. 297,

      1; Crii. 61.

  • Dryhtne tó willan

    to please the Lord,

      Andr. Kmbl. 3280; An. 1643.
  • Ðæs ðe gé him tó dare gedón mótan. Exon. Th. 144, 2 ; Gú. 672 : 127, 36: Gú. 397.

  • Tó wundre so

    as to produce wonder, wondrously,

      Homl. Skt. i. 23, 654.

  • Tó þance,

      Andr. Kmbl. 2225; An. 1114: Cd. Th. 32, 20; Gen. 506: Beo. Th. 762; B. 379.

  • Eal ða earfeþu ðe ic gefremede tó fácne,

      Exon. Th. 272, 10; Jul. 497.
marking the end towards which an action or object is directed,
with verbs of looking, listening (lit. and fig. )
Show examples

  • Beseoh tó mé

    respite me,

      Ps. Th. 12, 3.

  • Tó heofenum beseoh,

      Elen. Kmbl. 166; El. 83.

  • Ðá lócode Petrus tó Paule,

      Blickl. Homl. 187, 34: Beo. Th. 3313; B. 1654.

  • Hí ðé tó héraþ,

      Met. 4, 5. v. Iócian, hýran.
with verbs of pointing, directing
Show examples

  • Se Dryhtnes dóm wísade tó nýdgedále,

      Exon. Th. 129, 4; Gu. 415.

  • Tǽcan tó,

      Cd. Th. 175, 22; Gen. 2899.
with verbs of urging, prompting, inciting, etc.
Show examples

  • Onbryrde tó godcundre láre,

      Blickl. Homl. 33, 23: Andr. Kmbl. 2237; An. 1120.

  • Úsic lust hwæteþ tó ðærre mǽran byrig,

      574; An. 287.
with words denoting destination, intention, etc.
Show examples

  • Hé monige démde tó deáðe,

      Elen. Kmbl. 997; El. 500: Exon. Th. 247, 31; Jul. 87.

  • Mec gesette Crist tó compe,

      389, 3; RS. 7, 2.

  • His ríce ðǽr wé tó gesceapene wǽron,

      Homl. Th. ii. 6, 27: Bt. 25; Fox 88, 7.
with words denoting address
Show examples

  • Ðá cwæð se Hǽlend to him,

      Mt. Kmbl. 8, 4.

  • Ðæt hié tó ðam beácne gebedu rǽrde,

      Cd. Th. 227, 23; Dan. 191.

  • Ic clypige tó ðé,

      Ps. Th. 21, 2.

  • Wíte-brógan ðe ðú tó mé beótast,

      Exon. Th. 250, 35; Jul. 137: Bd. l, 27; S. 493, 30: 5, 12; S. 628, 43.

  • Habbaþ wé tó ðæm mǽran ǽrende,

      Beo. Th. 545; B. 270.
with words denoting hostility
Show examples

  • Ðæt folc mǽnde tó him Arone

    (contra se et Aaron),

      Past. 28, 6; Swt. 201, 4: Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 120, 5: Beo. Th. 5994; B. 3001: Ps. Th. 70, 22.

  • Monige ðe tó mé feohtaþ

    multi qui bellant me,

      Ps. Th. 55, 3.

  • Mé feóndas tó feohtaþ,

      68, 17: 58, I. (g)
    with words denoting preparation, aptness, readiness, or the reverse :-- Fýsan tó ráde. Elen. Kmbl. 1960; El. 982: Cd. Th. 173, 12; Gen. 2860.

  • Hé ða leóde wenede tó wuldre,

      Andr. Kmbl. 3360; An. 1684.

  • Hét hié tó ðam síðe gyrwan,

      1590; An. 796.

  • Late tó ðam orlege,

      94; An. 47.

  • Tó gefeohte gearu,

      Num. 21, 33: Elen. Kmbl. 45; El. 23.

  • Ealdordóm tó hwónlíc tó swá micelre bodunge,

      Homl. Th. i. 38, 6.

  • Gleáwast tó wÍge and to gewinne. Ors. 4, l ; Swt. 154,

      33.
  • , (h) marking the object of a feeling or operation of the mind :-- Se ðe næfþ. lufe tó Godes sceápum, Homl. Th. i. 240, 18: 334, 7.

  • Ic hæbbe geleáfan to Gode,

      Cd. Th. 34, 27; Gen. 544.

  • Næs him tó éðle wynn,

      Andr. Kmbl. 2326; An. 1164.

  • Ne biþ him tó hear-pan hyge, ne tó wífe wyn, ne tó worulde hyht,

      Exon. Th. 308, 23-26; Scef. 44, 45.
  • Abraham tó Gode cýððe hæfde. Homl. Th. ii. 190, 12 : 558, l: i. ID, 3.

  • Cynengas ðe tó Gode lytelne ege hæfdon,

      Lchdm. iii. 442, 24.

  • Ða de tó ðé egsanáhtan

    qui timent te,

      Ps. Th. 118, 79.

  • Nán neát nyste nǽnne andan, ne nǽnne ege tó óþrum. Bt. 35,

      6; Fox 168, 10.

  • Ðæt hé hæbbe clǽne heortan tó mannum,

      Wulfst. 239, 18.

  • Hié hæfdon ungeþwǽrnesse tó eallum folcum,

      Ors. 6, 3; Swt. 258, I : Homl. Th. i. 38, 14.

  • Swá hwæt swá gé habbaþ on eówrum móde tó ǽnigum men,

      266, 30.

  • Sió heánes ðe hié tó hopiaþ,

      Past. 41; Swt. 299, 5 : Met. 7, 44.

  • Ðonne gelýfe ic tó Gode, ðæt hit ðam men gehelpe,

      Lchdm. 11. 290, 9: Chr. 1036; Erl. 165, 16.

  • Hi hogedon tó níðe,

      Ps. Th. 77, 20.

  • Tó ðam beteran hycgan and hyhtan,

      Fragm. Kmbl. 82 ; Leas. 43.

  • Tó swice þencan,

      Exon. Th. 317, 16; Mód. 61: Beo. Th. 2281 ; B. 1138.

  • Tó reáfláce rǽd áþencean

    to devise counsel that has robbery for its object,

      Ps. Th. 61, 10.

  • Se cyning beþóhte swíðost tó Arpelles his ealdormenn, Ors. I. 12; Swt. 52, 20. (i) marking a purpose to be effected, an end to be served, to some end,

    for

    some purpose :-- Hé ásende ðone sunn tó úre álýsednesse,
      Homl. Th. ii. 6, 9.

  • Ðæt folc geðafode ðæt sume leofodon tó wudunge and tó wæterunge,

      222, 29.

  • Álesen tó láre,

      Elen. Kmbl. 571; El. 286.
  • Ofu onhǽtan tó cwale cnihta feorum. Cd. Th. 229, 32 ; Dan. 226.

  • Hé up áhóf bord tó gebeorge,

      Byrht. Th. 135, 40; By. 131.

  • Hié tó gebede feóllon

    they fell down to pray,

      Cd. Th. 48, 18; Gen. 777: Andr. Kmbl. 2054; An. 1029.

  • Hé genam on eallum dǽl ǽhtum sínum tó ðam gielde,

      Cd. Th. 90; Gen. 1501: 175, 6; Gen. 2891.

  • Hié werod læsse hæfdon tó hilde

    a smaller band had they for battle.

      Elen. Kmbl. 97 ; El. 49.

  • Tó ðam ic eom ásend therefore am I sent. Lk. Skt. 4, 4. -; . Tó hwan ys ðiss forspilled

    to what purpose is this waste?

      Mt. Kmbl. 26, 8.

  • Tó hwan becóm ðú

    wherefore art thou come?

    50: Soul
      Kmbl. 34; Seel. 17.

  • Tó ðam (ðon) ðæt in order that, to the end that, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 48, 23 : Lchdm. iii. 438, 19: Chart. Th. 436, 26. (j) marking an object for the benefit or service of which anything is intended,

    for

    :-- Hé onféng líchoman gegyrelan tó his godcundnesse.
      Blickl. Homl. 9, 27.

  • Hé hæfde xx elpenda tó ðæm gefeohte,

    Ors.

      4, i; Swt. 154, 30.
  • Wénen hí him máran méde tó . . . Gif hí him máran méde tó ne wénaþ. Past. 59; Swt. 449, 12-13.

  • Hé ðé worhte tó me,

      Cd. Th. 50, 32; Gen. 817.

  • Hé gewyrceþ to wera hilde helm oþþe hupseax,

      Exon. Th. 297, 5 ; Crii. 63.

  • Hié wǽpna náman tó ðon ðæt hié heora weras wrecan þóhton

    they took arms for this reason, that they intended to avenge their husbands ( cf. Goth. du þé ci pro eo quod )

    .
      Ors. l, 10; Swt. 44, 32.
where position (lit. or fig. ) is marked,
marking juxtaposition,
next to, at, by, alongside
Show examples

  • Hí man bebyrigde tó hyre were

    she was buried by her husband,

      Homl. Th. i. 318, l: ii. 188, 5.

  • Hé gesette ða hálgan róde tó his heáhsetle swilce him tó geféran,

      H. R. loi, 10.
  • Hié setton him tó heáfdum hilderandas. Beo. Th. 2488; B. 1242.

  • Mid olfendes hǽrum tó líce

    (next the body)

    gescrýdde,
      Homl. Th. ii. 506, 23: Homl. Skt. i. 12, 36.

  • Wyrm tó fýre warm at the fire, Lchdm. i. 374, 10: Exon. Th. 393, 36 ; Ru. 13, ll. Tó hire freán sittan

    to sit by her lord.

      Beo. Th. 1287; B. 641.
  • Symle hí sǽton ætsomne tó gereorde. Homl. Th. ii. 506, 22.

  • Gesittan tó symble,

      Cd. Th. 259, 33; Dan. 701 : Judth. Thw. 21, 12 ; Jud. 15.

  • Hiera súþgemǽro licgeaþ tó ðæm Reádan Sǽ,

      Ors. l, l; Swt. lo, 34: 16, 13.

  • Seó forme India líþ tó ðæra Síl-heorwena ríce, seó óðer líþ tó Médas, seóðridde tó ðam micclum gársecge,

      Homl. Th. i. 454, 12-13.

  • Þeáh ðe se Hálga Gást ne beó swutollíce genemned tó ðam Fæder and tó ðam Suna

    along with the Father and the Son,

    ii.
      56, 29.
marking the place where an object is,
in, on
Show examples

  • Ic cýðe ðám geréfan tó gehwylcere byrig (þurh ealle míne ríce,

    other MS. ),

      L. Ath. i. prm. ; Th. i. 194, 3.

  • Hé gesette ludas tó bisceope tó Godes temple. Elen. Kmbl. 2114; 1. 1058. tó horse

    on horseback.

      Exon. Th. 298, 7a Crä. 81.
fig. , marking position or condition in which an object is placed
Show examples

  • Tó gewealde in the power of,

    at the disposal

    of,
      Cd. Th. 112, 7; Gen. 1867: 132, 32; Gen. 220. . : 290, 15; 831. 415.
with verbs of joining, adding to, cleaving, etc.
Show examples
  • Gesamnian sáwle tó líce. Met. 17, 12.
  • Hé sǽlde tó sande scip. Beo. Th. 3838; B. 1917.

  • Geðeódde sum wer him tó,

      Homl. Th. ii. 504, 22. v. clifian, geþeódan, ícan,
marking order,
next to, after
Show examples

  • Tó mínre méder and geswys-trum ðú mé eart se leófesta freónd

    secundum matrem meam sororesque . meas, acceptissime,

      Nar. i. 12: Shrn. 108, 20.

  • S

    s lohannes wæs ealramanna se mǽsta and se hálgosta to Criste seluum, 123, 6: Homl. Skt. i. 1 6, 51: Cd. Th. 17, 3; Gen. 254: Ors. 2, 2 ; Swt. 66, 32.

  • Hé wæs bufan eallum ðǽm ðe on ðam ríce wǽron tó ðæm cyninge,

      3, ii; Swt. 148, 5.

  • Sió is mǽst tó Babilonia byrig,

      Nar. 33, 17.

  • Ðú bist se ðridda man tó mé on mínum ríce,

      Homl. Th. ii. 436, 5, 17.

  • Hé is geendebyrd tó Petre,

      522, 2.
marking the position occupied, the purpose fulfilled by an object,
to, as, f or
Show examples

  • Wé habbaþ ús tó fæder Abraham

    we have Abraham to our father,

      Lk. Skt. 3, 8: Mt. Kmbl. 14, 4: Exon. Th. 245, 34; Jul. 54.

  • Hig hæfdon heom tó gewunan, ðæt . . . , Mt. Kmbl. 27, IJ. Ic hæbbe tó gewitnisse heofen and eorðan

    testes invaco coelum el terrain,

      Deut. 4, 26.
  • Hé hæfde Thesalium him tó fultume. Ors. 4, l; Swt. 154, 30.

  • Hié him ðæt gold tó gode noldon. Cd. Th. 228,

      5; Dan. 197.

  • Hé is tó freónde gód

    he is good as a friend,

      Exon. Th. 248, 28 ; Jul. 102.
  • Ic genam hig tó wífe. Gen. 20, 12 : Bt. 8 ; Fox 24, 24.

  • Hí him tó gewunon náman, ðæt. . . ,

      Bd. 3, 5; S. 527, 7.

  • Hé Agustinum him tó gespelian funde,

      Lchdm. iii. 434, 7.

  • Ic clipie mé tó gewitnysse heofonan and eorðan,

      Deut. 30, 19.

  • Him brego engla líg tó wræce sende,

      Cd. Th. 156, 6; Gen. 2584: ii. 2: Gen 318.

  • Hé sealde him tó bóte, ðæs ðe hé his brýd genam, gangende feoh,

      164, 21; Gen. 2718 : 90, 24; Gen. 1500: 124, 29; Gen. 2070.

  • Eal folc fæste tó gemǽeneaicre dǽdbóte,

      Wulfst. 180, 23.

  • Hé is tó Cristes anlícnesse aset

    divina positus vice dispensat.

      Past. 13; Swt. 79, 10.

  • Hé gearwaþ ðínne innoð his suna tó brýdbúre,

      Blickl. Homl. 9, 10.

  • Tó lǽne

    as a loan, on loan,

      Deut. 15, 8: Past. pref. ; Swt. 9, 7.

  • Tó láfe as a remnant, remaining, v. láf, I. See also (j) below, (f 1) with verbs of making, appointing, being, accounting, naming, and the like, where often the preposition now has no representative, though to, as, for are sometimes used :-- Mé feóndas geworhton him tó wæfersýne

    they made me a spectacle for themselves,

    Rood
      Kmbl. 61; Kr. 31.

  • God ne gesceóp hine ná tó deófle . . . ac hé wearð tó deófle

    God did not create him a devil . . . but he became a devil.

      Homl. Th. i. 12, 20.

  • Hé him dyde bearn tó weorcþeówum

    he made them slaves,

      Cd. Th. 220, 21 ; Dan. 74: 45, 6; Gen. 722: Andr. Kmbl. 53; An. 27.

  • Hig ne fundon hwæt hí him tó gylte dydon

    they could not find what they could make a charge against him,

      Lk. Skt. 19, 48.

  • Ðam golde ðe hé him tó gode teóde,

      Cd. Th. 229, 13 ; Dan. 216: Exon. 255, 18; Jul. 215.

  • Hé sette hine on his húse tó hláfwearde

    constituit eum dominum domus suae,

      Ps. Th. 104, 17, 16: 108, 5 : Elen. Kmbl. 2111; El. 1057: Blickl. Homl. 9, 5.

  • God hine gesette manegum ðeódum tó fæder (a

    father of many nations have I made thee,

      Gen. 17, 5), Homl. Th. i. 92, 16.

  • Hine gecés tó fæder and tó hláforde Scotta cyning, Chr. 924; Erl. no, 14: Cd. Th. 19, 3; Gen. 285 : Exon. Th. 3, 15; Cri. 36: Andr. Kmbl. 647; An. 324. (v.

    also

    ge-hálgian, hálgian. ) Beón tó tácnum, tó mete,
      Gen. I. 14, 29.

  • Næs him se swég tó sorge,

      Cd. Th. 232, 22 ; Dan. 264, Ða
    þeódlogan ðe taliaþ ðæt tó wærscype, dæt . . . , Wulfst. 55, 15.

  • Ne sete ðú him ðás dǽda tó synne,

      Homl. Th. ii. 34, 21.

  • Heó hié sylfe tó deówene genemde,

      Blickl. Homl. 9, 23.

  • Hine tó sylfcwale secgas nemnaþ,

      Exon. Th. 330, 24; Vy. 56.

  • Ðeáh mon anweald and genyht tó twǽm þingum nemne, ðeáh hit is án. Bt. 33, l; Fox 120, 20. (g) marking the place at which anything is sought, obtained, etc. ,

    at, in

    :-- Sécean hilde tó
      Heorote, Beo. Th. 3984; B. 1990.

  • Tó dúnscræfum drohtoð sécan, Andr. Kmbl. 3077; An. 1541. (h) marking the source from which anything is sought, desired, expected, deserved, obtained, etc. , of, fr om :-- Ǽcum ðe mycel geseald is him man mycel tó sécþ

    cui multum datum est, multum quaeretur ab eo,

      Lk. Skt. 12, 48: Elen. Kmbl. 638; El. 319.

  • Wé sécaþ fultum tó ðé (

    a Domino),

      Ps. Th. 7, II. Hí tó
    Róme him fultumes bǽdon, Bd. l, 12; S. 480, 22.
  • Hé iówan scolde ðæt him mon tó áscaþ. Past. 22 ; Swt. 173, 2.

  • Ðú wilnodest tó ús ðæs gódes ðe ðú tó him sceoldest,

      Bt. 7, 5 ; Fox 24, 3 : Past. 58; Swt. 447, 15: Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 174, 24: L. Ath. v. 8, 3; Th. i. 236, 15: Wulfst. 277, 18.

  • Girne hé tó Godes þeówum, ðæt . . . , 180, ii. Swá ic ðé wéne to

    as I expect of you,

      Beo. Th. 2797; B. 1396: 5836; B. 2922.

  • Ne þurfon wé ná tó úrum mǽgum ne nán man tó his wífe ðencean tó ðam swýðe, ðæt him man æfter his forðsýþe tó ðam micel fore gedǽle, ðæt hí hine fram wítan álýsan

    it is too much to expect of kinsmen or wife, thai so much will be distributed for a man after his death as to release him from purgatory,

      Wulfst. 306, 3.

  • Donne móte wé ðæs tó Gode earnian bet

    we must better deserve it of God,

      157, 2 : Ps. Th. 7, 3: Ors. 5, 4 ; Swt. 224, 33.

  • Hé geceápade tó ðǽrn senaturn, ðæt hié calic wǽron ymb hiene twywyrdige, 5, 7;

    Swt.

      228, 17.

  • Tó eorðan ǽtes tilian, Cd. Th. 94, 5 ; Gen. 1557 : 59, 31; Gen. 972. (i) marking the object on which an action takes effect, to (in to do something

    to

    anything) :-- Hire man wóh tó ne dó,
      L. Edm. B. 7; Th. i. 256, 3: Cd. Th. 136, 28; Gen. 2265.

  • Gúðrǽsa fela ðara ðe hé geworhte tó West-Denum, Beo. Th. 3161; B. 1578. (j) marking agreement, likeness, according to, at, after :-- Hié ús lǽrdon tó ðæm ðe hira willa wæs

    secundum voluntatem suam erudiebant nos,

      Past. 36; Swt. 255, 10 : Bt. 8 ; Fox 24, 24: Homl. Th. i. 264, 23.

  • Se ðe tó Godes bisene gesceapen is (cf. gesceapene æfter ðære biesene úres Scippendes, 17),

      Past. 36; Swt. 249, 22: Cd. Th. 92, 14; Gen. 1528: Gen. I. 27.

  • Uton wircean him sumne fultum tó his gelícnisse

    faciamus adjutorium simile sibi,

      2, 18.

  • Ðá wást ðæt ic symle tilode tó lifigenne tó dines múþes bebode

    nosti quia ad tui oris imperium semper vivere studui,

      Bd. 4, 29; S. 607, 28.

  • Hí folgodon Cristes láre tó ðære níwan ǽ

    (according to the new law),

      Ælfc. Gen. Thw. 2, 23.

  • Ðú ða unstillan gesceafta tó ðínum willan ástyrast,

      Bt. 33, 4; Fox 128, 9.

  • Tó hwylcum gemete

    after what manner,

      Blickl. Homl. 5, 7.
  • ¶ in adverbial phrases,,
Show examples

  • Ic secge eów tó sóðum

    ego autem dico vobts

    (in v: 34 the same words are translated; Ic secge eów sóðlíce),
      Mt. Kmbl. 5, 32.

  • Tó sóðum ic secge eów amen dico vobis (cf. sóeth;líce

    amen,

      10, 15), 8, ll. Tó sóðan, Ælfc. T. Grn. i. 6.
  • Hwæt eart ðú tó sóðe? St. And. 28, 8.

  • Tó wissan praesertim, tó sóðan ł tó cúðan

    pro certo, veraciter,

      Hpt. Gl. 416, 40-43.

  • Ic nát tó gewissan hwǽr hé wunaþ nú I don't know for certain where he lives now. Homl. Skt. i. 21, 31. (k) marking comparison,

    compared to, in comparison with, beside

    :-- Ðes is úre God, and nis nán óðer geteald to him, Homl. Th. ii. 12, 30.
in addition to, besides
Show examples

  • Ða sende hé æfter máran fultum, tó ðæm ðe ða burg ymbseten hæfdon (

    in addition to the troops that had besieged the town),

      Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 116, 23.

  • Ðæt is his andweorc ðæt hé habban sceal tó ðám tólum, dám þrím geférscipum biwiste

    that is his material, that he must have in addition to the tools, provision for the three classes.

      Bt. 17; Fox 60, 3.

  • Candidus and Uitalis and fela óþre tó him

    (many others besides them).

      Homl. Skt. ii. 28, 19.

  • Tó ðam ðe ic on lífe geúðe besides what I granted in my lifetime, Chart. Th. 563, 22. (m) marking príce or equivalence, for, at: — Hú ne becýpaþ hig twégen spearwan tó peninge

    nonne duo passeres asse veniunt,

      Mt. Kmbl. 10, 29.

  • Ðis mihte beén geseald tó myclum wurðe

    (mtilto pretio),

      26, 9.

  • Geseald tó þrím hund penegum,

      Mk. Skt. 14, 5.

  • Ic sille eów hit, tó ðam wurðe ðe ic hit gebohte,

      Ap. Th. 10, 2.

  • Heofonan ríce wæs álǽten Zachéo tó healfum dǽle his ǽhta, and sumere wudewan tó ánum feórðlinge, and sumun menn tó ánum wæteres drence,

      Homl. Th. i. 580, 22-26.

  • Hié hié selfe tó nóhte bemǽtan

    they valued themselves at nothing,

      Ors. 3, 7 ; Swt. 114, 37 : 3, 9 ; Swt. 128, 4.

  • Ðises cwides hé geunn ðam híréde tó ðam forwyrdan (

    as the príce of, in return for, the agreement

    ], ðæt hi hine wel healdan. Chart. Th. 329, 29.

  • Wit ðus barn ne magon wesan tó wuhte

    (at any príce, on any account),

      Cd. Th. 52, 5 ; Gen. 839.
with the inflected infinitive, forming with the verb a phrase that is used
with a noun or its equivalent,
as a predicate expressing what shall or must be done to the object marked by the noun
Show examples

  • Mannes Sunu ys tó syllenne on manna handa

    Filius hominis tradendus est in manus hominum,

      Mt. Kmbl. 17, 22.

  • Se anweald ne se weorþscipe ne beóþ tó wénanne, ðæt hit seó sóþe gesǽlþ sié. Swá hit is nú hræðost tó secganne be eallum ðǽm woruldgesǽlbum, ttæt ðǽr nán-wuht on nis ðæs tó wilnianne seó. Bt. 16,

      3; Fox 56, 27-31. .
as attribute,
the verb having an active force
Show examples

  • Hé hæfþ anweald synna tó forgyfanne

    (potestatem dimittendi peccata),

      Mk. Skt. 2, 10.

  • Ic hsebbe mihte ðé tó forlǽtenne (-nde, MS. C. )

    habeo potestatem demittere te,

      Jn. Skt. 19, 10 : Cd. Th. 18, 30; Gen. 280.

  • Swá ús neód is tó dónne,

      L. Eth. vi. 42; Th. i. 326, 7.

  • Tíd tó mildsiende his

    tempus miserendi ejus,

      Ps. Surt. loi, 14.
the verb having a passive force, the noun being the object of the action expressed by the verb
Show examples

  • Ic hæbbe ðone mete tó etanne ðe gé nyton

    ego cibum habeo manducare, quem vos non scitis.

      Jn. Skt. 4, 32.

  • Ic hæbbe ðé tó secgenne (-anne, MS. A. ) sum ðing

    habeo tibi aliquid dicere,

      Lk. Skt. 7, 40.

  • Gif Drihten sylþ mé hláf tó etenne and reáf tó werigenne

    si dederit Deus mihi panem ad vescendum et vesti-mentum ad induendum.

      Gen. 28, 20.

  • Ðæt hé genóh hæbbe tó etanne

    quantum sufficit ad vescendum,

      Ex. 16, 12.

  • Nim ðæt ic

    ðé

    tó sillenne habbe,
      Ap. Th. 12, 2.

  • Hé ðæt feoh tó sellanne næfde

    he had not tie money to give,

      Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 116, 15.

  • Tó for náht taliende parvi pendenda, ad nihilum iudicanda, Hpt.

    Gl.

      418, 35.

  • Suá suá sió leásung símle deret ðǽm secggendum, suá dereþ eác hwílum sumum monnum ðæt sóð tó gehiérenne

    it harms some men that the truth should be heard;

    audita vera nocuerunt,
      Past. 35; Swt. 237, ii.
    Ðæm láreówe is tó wietanne, ðæt . . . , 63 ; Swt. 459, 6.
as object of a verb
Show examples

  • Hé ondréd ðyder tó farende (faranne, MS. A. : færenne, Lind. : feran, Rush. )

    timwit illite ire,

      Mt. Kmbl. 2, 22.

  • Álýfe mé tó farenne and bebyrigean mínne fæder,

      8, 21.

  • Ys álýfed on restedagum wel tó dónne (dóanne, Rush. )

    licet sabbatis bene facere,

      12, 12.

  • God geðafaþ Antecriste tó wyrcenne tácna,

      Homl. JTh. i. 4, 30.

  • Ne bud ðú mé ná ælmessan tó syllanne,

      Ps. Th. 39, 7- Ús
    gelustfullaþ to sprecenne be ðan hálgan were, Homl. Th. i. 360, 29.

  • Hig begunnon ðis tó wircanne,

      Gen. II, 6.
adverbially,
with adjectives,
where the verb has an active force
Show examples

  • Ðæs gescý neom ic wyrðe tó berenne cujus non sum dignus calceamenta portare, Mt. 3, Ii. Heora fét beóð swíðe hraðe blód tó ágeótanne

    velocespedes eorum ad effundendum sanguinem,

      Ps. Th. 13, 6.

  • Fúse tó farenne,

      Beo. Th. 3614; B. 1805.
  • (j) where the verb has a passive force, governing the noun qualified by the adjective :-- Hwæðer is éðre tó secgenne ? Mk. Skt. 2, 9.

  • Ðæt is nú hraðost to secgenne,

    Bt.

      17; Fox 60, 14: 16, 3 ; Fox 56, 29.

  • Ðeáh heó gladu wǽre on tó lócienne, 6; Fox 14, 27: Exon. Th. 57, 15 ;

    Cri.

    920.

  • Langsumlíc biþ ús tó gereccenne and eów tó gehýrenne ealle ða deópnyssa [there seems here a mixture of two constructions, 'these things are tedious to hear (tó gehýrenne), ' and ' tó hear (gehýran) these things is tedious'], Homl. Th. i. 362, 32. þeáh hé wyrðe ne sié tó álǽtanne

    though he deserve not to be pardoned,

      Cd. Th.39, 9, ; Gen. 622.
with verbs, where the verb in the phrase expresses an action that the subject of the main verb intends
to be done
Show examples

  • Út eode se sǽdere his sǽd tó sáwenne (

    ad seminandum).

      Mk. Skt. 4, 3.

  • Gesceafta ðe hé gesceóp mannum tó ðeówianne,

      Ps. Th. 18, arg. Ne
    com ic rihtwíse tó gecígeanne, Mt. Kmbl. 9, 13.

  • Mellitum hé sende tó bodianne (bodiende,

      20, 19) fulluht, Chr. 604; Erl. 21, 19.

  • Tó dónne rehtwísnisse

    ad faciendas justificationes,

      Ps. Surt. 118, 112.

  • Tó ondetende

    ad confitendum,

      141, 8.
  • Gesend englas tó ontýnenne míne sefan and tó andswariende ðyssum árleásum. Nar. 40, 30.
to be suffered
Show examples

  • Cyning tó gefulliane com tó Róme

    the king came to Rome to be baptized,

      Bd. 5, 7; S. 620, 26.
marking time,
marking a point of time at which anything takes place,
at
Show examples

  • Tó midre nihte

    at midnight,

      Lk. Skt. 11, 5: Mt. Kmbl. 25, 6.

  • Tó ðam ǽrdæge

    at dawn,

      Cd. Th. 190, 12 ; Exod. 198.

  • Ðá áxode hé tó hwylcon tíman him bet wǽre. And hí sǽdon him, Gyrstandæg tó ðære seofoþan tíde se fefor hine forlét,

      Jn. Skt. 4, 52.

  • Ðæt hé him tó tíde gemetlíce gedǽle ðone hwǽte,

      Past. 63; Swt. 459, 12.

  • Scyld gewát tó gesceaphwíle,

      Beo. Th. 52 ; B. 26. (l a)
    where the time is determined by that which takes place :-- Áswearc úre mód tó eówrum infærelde, Jos. 2, 11.
  • Tó ðýssere dǽde wearð ðæs cynges heorte áblicged. Homl. Th. ii. 474, 19.
marking a space of time in the course of which something takes place,
in the course of, in, on
Show examples

  • Gé etaþ næs tó ánum dæge, ne tó twám, ne tó fífon, ne tó týnum, ne tó twéntigum, ac fullne mónoð,

      Num. 11, 20.

  • Swá micel swá hé to ðam dæge geðicgan mihte

    as much as he could eat in the day,

      Homl. Th. ii. 194, 34: Lchdm. ii. 288, 26: Homl. Th. ii. 288, 7.
  • Wé wǽron tó dæge ealle on ánnesse gemedemode. Blickl. Homl. 139, 26.

  • Tó sunnedæge

    in sabbato,

      Jn. Skt. Lind. 7, 23.

  • Tó heora symbeldæge

    (at that feast,

      A. V. ), Mt. Kmbl. 27, 15.

  • Tó ðisse næhte

    in ista nocte,

      Rush. 26, 31.

  • Tó niht (cf. on ðisse nihte,

      Lk. 12, 20) ðú
    scealt dín líf álǽtan, Wulfst. 286, 23.

  • Hé biþ tó geáre deád

    he will die in the course of the year,

      Shrn. 83, 21.

  • Nú tó geáre synd feówertýne epactas

    in the present year there are fourteen epacts,

    Anglia viii.
      327, 10: 329, 36.

  • Tó dæge

    to-day, at the present time,

      Bd. 3, 16; S. 542, 35.
marking a space of time during which something continues,
for, during
Show examples

  • Ðæt wæs tó suíðe scortre hwíle

    that was for a very short time,

      Past. 36; Swt. 255, 10: Cd. Th. 31, 22; Gen. 489.

  • Tó langum fyrste

    for a long while,

      Homl. Th. i. 388, 18.

  • Tó wyrcenne tácna tó feórþan healfan geáre

    to work miracles for three years and a half,

      4, 31.
  • Hé worhte his weorc tó seofon nihtum, ii. 356, 5.

  • Syððan tó twelf mónðum ne cymþ ðǽr nán óðer scúr,

      Lchdm. iii. 254, See also ealdor, feorh.
marking end of extent,
to
Show examples

  • Hé frægn hú neáh ðære tíde wǽre . . . Ðá andswaredon hí: ' Nis hit lang tó ðon, ' Bd. 4,

      24; S. 599, 5: Beo. Th. 5176; 8. 2591: 5683; B. 2845.

  • Is tó ðære tíde tælmet hwíle seofon and twéntig nihtgerímes,

      Andr. Kmbl. 225; An. 113.
  • Ðæt hit wǽre þrittig þúsend wintra tó ðínum deáðdæge, Soul Kmbl. 73; Seel. 37.
with gen.
marking the object to or towards which motion takes place, to, for: — Gewát him se æðeling tó ðæs gemearces ðe him Metod tǽhte the prince departed for the appointed place, which the Lord had shewed him, Cd. Th. 174, 28; Gen. 2885. Gewát him Andreas gangan tó ðæs ðe hé gramra gemót gefrægen hæfde óððæt hé gemétte be mearcpaðe standan stapul ǽrenne
Andrew went on his way towards the spot, where he had learned was the cruel ones' meeting, until he found standing by the path a brazen pillar,
    Andr. Kmbl. 2120; An. 1061.
Wód hé tó ðæs ðe hé wínreced wisse thither he made his way, where he knew the hall was, Beo. Th. 1433; B. 714: 3939; B. 1967: 4811; B. 2410. Tó dæs gingran þider ealle urnon ðǽr se, éca wæs thither ran all the disciples, to the place where the Eternal was, Cd. Th. 298, ll ; Sat. 531. Tó ðæs fóron Caldéa cyn tó ceastre forð ðǽr Israéla ǽhta wǽron thither marched the Chaldeans, on to the city, where were the possessions of the Israelites, 218, 19 ; Dan. 41. Cómon hildfrecan tó ðæs da hæftas ǽr hearm þrowedon they came where the captives had suffered, Andr. Kmbl. 2142; An. 1072. Tó hwæs hí gearwe bǽron whither they should bear their arms, Cd. Th. 190, 1; Exod. 192.
marking position,
in, at
Show examples

  • Hé wæs tó middes wætres

    he was in mid stream,

      Homl. Skt. ii. 30, 176.

  • Hé him ðæs leán forgeald tó ðæs ðe hé on reste geseah Grendel licgan

    He paid him the reward for it, where he saw Grendel lying on the couch,

      Beo. Th. 3175; B. 1585. See tó-middes, II.
marking purpose; see also
Show examples

  • Hié tó ðæs here samnodon,

      Andr. Kmbl. 2248; An. 1125.
marking extent or degree, to the extent,
to such a degree
Show examples

  • Ðæt hé ðás hálgan tíde gehealde mid clǽnum fæstene tó ánes mǽles

    that he keep this holy time with a pure fast to the extent of eating only once,

      Wulfst. 285, 1.

  • Ná tó ðæs hwón

    nequaquam,

      Deut. 13, See se, V (b l).
forming with nouns adverbial or prepositional phrases
Show examples

  • Tó gyfes

    gratis,

      Hymn. Surt. 37, 20.

  • Ic ðé tó leánes ðínne noman mǽrsige

    in recompense I will magnify thy name for thee,

      Lchdm. iii. 436, 27.

  • Womma tó leánes

    in requital of sins.

      Wulfst. 138, 23 : 139, 2.

  • God him sylþ tó médes ðæt éce líf,

      Homl. Skt. i. 12, 139 : St. And. 28, 20.

  • Tó geflites

    certatim, strenue.

      Hpt. Gl. 408, 54: Ap. Th. 10, 5.

  • Ðú dwollíce leofast swylce ðé tó gamenes

    thou livest foolishly as if it were sport for you,

      Homl. Ass. 6, 141.
marking time,
marking a point of time at which something takes place
Show examples

  • Etan tó middes dæges

    (meridie),

      Gen. 43, 16; Ps. Th. 36, 6: Btwk. 216, 14.
  • Tó middes mergenes. Lchdm. ii. 116, 7.

  • Tó undernes,

      194, 5.

  • Tó nónes,

      290, 7.
  • Tó hwilces tíman. Homl. Th. i. 78, 18.

  • Gif preóst tó rihtes tíman crisman ne feccé,

      L. N. P. L. 9 ; Th. ii. 290, 3.

  • Tó ðises

    now,

      Jn. Skt. Lind. 2, 10.
marking a limit,
to, up to, until, till
Show examples

  • Wæs hit ðá án tíd tó ǽfenes

    it then was an hour to evening.

      Nar. 13, 6.

  • Tó ǽfenes

    usque ad vesperam,

      L. Ecg. C. 4; Th. ii. 138, 1: Bd. 3, 23; S. 554, 32.

  • Ðæt hí fæston tó nónes (

    ad nonam usque horam),

      3, 5; S. 527, 9.
marking a space of time in the course of which something takes place,
at, in, on
Show examples

  • Hí ǽton ǽne on dæg, and ðæt wæs tó ǽfennes,

      Bt. 15 ; Fox 48, 8.

  • Ðæt mon hiora tíd boega geuueorðiæ tó ánes dæges tó Osuulfes tíde

    that the anniversary of them both be celebrated on the same day, on Oswulf's anniversary,

      Chart. Th. 460, 6.
with acc.
marking direction or motion (lit. and fig.)
Show examples

  • Hé leát tó ðæs cáseres eáre,

      Homl. Th. i. 376, 28.
  • Tó ða riðe, ðon andlang ríðe, eft on sǽ. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 12, 21.

  • Ða ðe hweorfan sceoldan tó ðis enge lond. Exon. Th. 3,

      6; Cri. 32.

  • Nó hý hine tó deáð déman móston,

      135, 8; Gú. 521.
with the infinitive (cf. Gothic infinitive with
du) with the same force as with the inflected infinitive
Show examples

  • Micel is tó secgan eall æfter orde, ðæt hé ádreág,

      Exon. Th. 134, 4; Gú. 502.

  • Mǽl is mé tó féran,

      Beo. Th. 637; B. 316.

  • Áfýsed biþ ágenne eard tó sécan,

      Exon. Th. 217, 5; Ph. 275.

  • Hád tó hebban (hát tó hebbanne,

      Cd. Th. 236, 14; Dan. 321), 187, 27; Az. 37.

  • Him sélle þynceþ leahtras tó fremman,

      266, 34; Jul. 408.

  • Ne bisorgaþ hé synne tó fremman,

      95, 13; Cri. 1556.

  • Ðá ongan hé tó cweðan

    coepit dicere,

      Mk. Skt. 13, 5.
  • He onsende wo
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v.  -anne.
Entry information
Citation

Bosworth, Joseph. “tó.” In An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online, edited by Thomas Northcote Toller, Christ Sean, and Ondřej Tichy. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2014. https://bosworthtoller.com/30587.

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  • tó, prep.

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