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Anglo-Saxon

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þurh

  • preposition
Dictionary links
Grammar
þurh, þurg, þuruh, þorh, þorch, þerh, þerih, þærh; prep.
Wright's OE grammar
§278; §328; §559; §587; §645;
Through.
Grammar
þurh, with acc. v. also C.
local,
marking motion into and out at the opposite side
Show examples

  • Þorh (dorh, ðorh) ludgaet

    per seudoterum,

    • Txts. 84, 741.

  • Ðurh ða duru wé gáð in

    per hostium intramus,

    • Ælfc. Gr. 47
      • ;
    • Zup. 269, 18: Cd. Th. 29, 8
      • ;
    • Gen. 447.

  • Gangaþ inn þurh (ðerh, Lind.) ðæt nearwe geat,

    • Mt. Kmbl. 7, 13: Lk. Skt. 18, 25.

  • Syllan drincan þurh þyrel,

    • Exon. Th. 485, 1
      • ;
    • Rä. 71, 7.

  • Ðá férde hé þurh (ðerh, Lind.) hyra mydlen,

    • Lk. Skt. 4, 30.

  • Wé þuruh fýr faraþ and þuruh flóda þrym

    transivimus per ignem et aquam,

    • Ps. Th. 65, 11.

  • Hé wæs on breóstum wund þurh ða hringlocan,

    • Byrht. Th. 136, 2
      • ;
    • By. 145.
Grammar
þurh, where the preposition follows the governed word :
Show examples

  • -- Duru, ðe is wæs þurh hider onsended,

    • Blickl. Homl. 9, 1.
marking motion over or in,
Similar entries
cf. geónd
Show examples

  • Hé férde þurh ða ceastre and ðæt castel bodiende,

    • Lk. Skt. 8, 1.

  • Hé ástyraþ ðis folc, lǽrende þurh ealle ludéam,

    • 23, 5.

  • Hé hleóþrede þurh hátne líg,

    • Exon. Th. 185, 4
      • ;
    • Az. 2.

  • Ic þurh ðín hús middan eode

    perambulabam in medio domus meae,

    • Ps. Th. 100, 2.

  • Ðæt fýr nimeþ þurh foldan gehwæt,

    • Exon. Th. 62, 18
      • ;
    • Cri. 1003.
temporal, marking continuity, through, for, during
Show examples

  • Ðurh twégen dagas

    per biduum,

    • Bd. 4, 19
      • ;
    • S. 589, 2.

  • Þurh ealne dæg

    tota die,

    • Ps. Th. 73, 21.

  • Þuruh,

    • 87, 9.

  • Ðorh syndrie neht

    per singulas noctes,

    • Ps. Surt. 6, 7.

  • Þurh scírne dæg

    • Exon. Th. 439, 15
      • ;
    • Rä. 59, 4.

  • Þurh lytel fæc,

    • 115, 6
      • ;
    • Gú. 185.

  • Þurh ælða tíd,

    • 152, 11
      • ;
    • Gú. 807.

  • Þurh ealra worulda woruld,

    • Ps. Th. 71, 5.
other relations,
marking the agent, through, by
Show examples

  • Þorch (dorh, ðorh) byrgeras

    per vispelliones,

    • Txts. 86, 760.

  • Ðerih,

    • 151, 6:

  • Wáðam menn þurh ðone ðe (ðe ðorh hine, Lind.) byð mannes Sunu belǽwed,

    • Mt. Kmbl. 26, 24: Chr. 1014
      • ;
    • Erl. 151, 8.

  • Hié hié, wendon ealla ðurh wíse wealhstódas on hiora ágen geðióde,

    • Past. pref.
      • ;
    • Swt. 7, 4.

  • Seó hergung wæs ðurh Alaricum geworden,

    • Bd. 1, 11
      • ;
    • S. 480, 11.

  • Hé ða bisceopðéninge ðurh hine sylfne ( per se ) ðénian ne mihte,

    • 4, 23
      • ;
    • S. 594, 27.

  • Wiste Cúðberhtus eal be ðam wífe, and wolde þurh hine sylfne hí geneósian (

    would visit her in person, the visit should be made by himself,

    )
    • Homl. Th. ii. 142, 11.

  • Gif hwá ymb cyninges feorh sierwie þurh hine oþþe þurh wreccena feormunge

    (by his own direct acts or by the harbouring of criminals),
    • L. Alf. pol. 4
      • ;
    • Th. i. 62, 15.
Grammar
þurh, preposition following case :
Show examples

  • -- Wá ðam ðe hig þurh (ðerh, Lind. Rush.) cumaþ

    uae illi per quem ueniunt,

    • Lk. Skt. 17, 1.
marking the means or instrument, through, by, by means of, by use of
Show examples

  • Swá he spræc þurh hys hálegra wítegena múð (

    per os sanctorum

    ),
    • Lk. Skt. 1, 70.

  • Hé ðurh ðæra wealhstóda múð ðam cyninge bodade,

    • Homl. Th. ii. 128, 21: 148, 12.

  • Ic þurh múþ sprece mongum reordum,

    • Exon. Th. 390, 13
      • ;
    • Rä. 9, 1.

  • Þurh his sylfes múð,

    • 464, 6
      • ;
    • Hö. 83: Andr. Kmbl. 1301
      • ;
    • An. 651.

  • Tódæl þurh seofon

    divide by seven,

    • Anglia viii. 304, 41.

  • Cnuca hý þurh hý selfe

    pound it by itself (per se),

    • Lchdm, i. 130, 4: 192, 17.

  • Wé ðæt gehýrdon þurg hálige béc,

    • Apstls. Kmbl. 126
      • ;
    • Ap. 63.

  • Þurg wítgena wordgerýno,

    • Elen. Kmbl. 577
      • ;
    • El. 289.

  • Hié lufodon wísdóm and ðurh ðone hié begeáton welan,

    • Past. pref.
      • ;
    • Swt. 5, 14.

  • Hé geférde þurh feóndes cræft,

    • Cd. Th. 29, 21
      • ;
    • Gen. 453: 1, 21
      • ;
    • Gen. 11: Blickl. Homl. 17, 11.

  • Þuruh,

    • Ps. Th. 70, 1.

  • Hé hié tó heofona ríce laþode þurh his wundorgeweorc and þurh ða godspellícan láre,

    • Blickl. Homl. 7, 9: Andr. Kmbl. 1949
      • ;
    • An. 977.

  • Ðæt hí heora synna wítnade and bétte ðurh fæsten and ðurh wópas and ðurh gebedo.

    • Bd. 4, 25
      • ;
    • S. 599, 25.

  • Wé witon unrím ðara monna ðe ða écan gesǽlða gesóhtan nallas ðurh ðæt án ðæt hí wilnodon ðæs líchomlícan deáðes ac eác manegra sárlícra wíta hié gewilnodon wið ðan écan lífe

    multos scimus beatitudinis fructum non morte solum, verum etiam doloribus suppliciisque quaesisse,

    • Bt. 11, 2
      • ;
    • Fox 36, 3.

  • Gif hine mon geyflige mid slege oþþe mid bende oþþe þurh wunde,

    • L. Alf. pol. 2
      • ;
    • Th. i. 62, 4.
marking the efficient cause or reason, through, in consequence of, as the result of, by reason of, on account of
Show examples

  • Heofonríces duru belocen standeþ þurh ða ǽrestan men,

    • Blickl. Homl. 9, 2.

  • Wæs micel unfrið þurh sciphere,

    • Chr. 1001
      • ;
    • Erl. 136, 2.

  • Gif seó hringe nele up þurh his ánes tige,

    • Homl. Skt. i. 21, 47: Ps. Th. 64, 11.

  • Ðurh Æþelrédes hǽse ( jubente Ædilredo ) Wilfriþ hine tó biscope gehálgode,

    • Bd. 4, 23
      • ;
    • S. 594, 29: Andr. Kmbl. 3038
      • ;
    • An. 1522.

  • Ic þurh his willan ásend wæs

    Dei voluntate missus sum,

    • Gen. 45, 8: Exon. Th. 194, 3
      • ;
    • Az. 133.

  • Þurh clǽne gecynd

    in consequence of a pure nature,

    • Hy. 9, 11: 7, 24.

  • Ðá mihte heó wíde geseón þurh ( in consequence of ) ðæs láðan lǽn,

    • Cd. Th. 38, 3
      • ;
    • Gen. 601: 39, 25-27
      • ;
    • Gen. 631-2.

  • Þurg,

    • Apstls. Kmbl. 25
      • ;
    • Ap. 13.

  • Hé ðurh his gylt on ðám inrum þeóstrum befeóll,

    • Homl. Th. ii. 556, 20: Cd. Th. 21, 29, 30
      • ;
    • Gen. 331-2.

  • Þurh ða eáðmódnesse mid geleáfullum hé gefylde ðysne middangeard,

    • Blickl. Homl. 11, 7.

  • Hine mǽtte, and hé rehte ðæt his bróðrum; þurh ðæt hig hine hatedon ðe swíðor (

    quae causa majoris odii seminarium fuit

    ),
    • Gen. 37, 5.

  • Hit wearð gelet þurh ðæt ðe Magnus hæfde micelne scypcræft,

    • Chr. 1048
      • ;
    • Erl. 173, 7: Wulfst. 161, 1.

  • Wearð ðær ǽfre ðuruh sum þing fleám ástiht,

    • Chr. 998
      • ;
    • Erl. 134, 19.

  • Þurh hwæt ðú ðus hearde ús eorre wurde,

    • Elen. Kmbl. 799
      • ;
    • El. 400.

  • Man þurh ǽlc þingc rihtwísnesse lufige.

    • Wulfst. 266, 18.
marking motive or feeling that prompts action, through, from
Show examples

  • Ðurh (ðerh, Lind.: ðærh, Rush.) andan hine sealdon ða heáhsacerdas,

    • Mk. Skt. 15, 10.

  • Se forhátena spræc þurh feóndscipe,

    • Cd. Th. 38, 21
      • ;
    • Gen. 610.

  • Ic Gode þegnode þurh holdne hyge,

    • 37, 7
      • ;
    • Gen. 586: Ps. Th. 77, 38.

  • Hyre þurh yrre ágeaf andsware fæder feóndlíce,

    • Exon. Th. 249, 25
      • ;
    • Jul. 117.

  • Gif wé þurh eáþmódnesse eall áræfnaþ,

    • Blickl. Homl. 13, 91.

  • Hí fricgaþ þurh fyrwet,

    • Exon. Th. 6, 30
      • ;
    • Cri. 92.
marking the circumstance which renders state or action possible or right, through, in virtue of, by right of
Show examples

  • Ðæt Martinus wǽre wyrðe ðæs hádes, and ðæt folc gesǽlig ðurh swelcne biscop

    that Martin was worthy of the office, and the people happy in such a bishop,

    • Homl. Th. ii. 506, 9.

  • His blód ágeát God on galgan þurh his gástes mægen

    in virtue of his spirit's strength,

    • Cd. Th. 299, 16
      • ;
    • Sat. 550.

  • Hé fæste feówertig daga þurh his mildsa spéd,

    • 306, 23
      • ;
    • Sat. 668.

  • Heó hit þurh monnes geþeaht ne sceáwode,

    • 38, 12
      • ;
    • Gen. 605.

  • Him bearn Godes déman wille þurh his dǽda spéd,

    • 304, 2
      • ;
    • Sat. 623: 301, 30
      • ;
    • Sat. 589.
marking manner, state, in, by, in the character of, by way of
Show examples

  • Þorch (dorh, ðorh) óbst

    per anticipationem,

    • Txts. 84, 757.

  • Ðurh endebyrdnesse singan

    per ordinem cantare,

    • Bd. 4, 24
      • ;
    • S. 597, 6.

  • Ðæt fýr ábyrst út ðurh lígett

    in the shape of lightning,

    • Lchdm. iii. 280, 6: Elen. Kmbl. 2210
      • ;
    • El. 1106.

  • Ácenned in middangeard þurh mennisc heó

    born into the world in human shape,

    • 12
      • ;
    • El. 6.

  • Onsýne þurh cnihtes hád

    visible in the form of a youth,

    • Andr. Kmbl. 1824
      • ;
    • An. 914.

  • Hnígan mid heáfdum þurh geongordóm

    to bow the head as vassals,

    • Cd. Th. 46, 12
      • ;
    • Gen. 743.

  • Ne can ðara idesa ówðer þarh gebedscipe beorna neáwest,

    • 148, 35
      • ;
    • Gen. 2467.

  • Hé ðolode ðurh wíte

    (

    as punishment

    )

    ða ýttran blindnysse ... Hé ðolaþ þeóstra ðurh wrace,

    • Homl. Th. ii. 556, 19-21.

  • Wundorgiefe þurh goldsmiþe

    wondrous gifts in the goldsmith's art,

    • Exon. Th. 331, 24
      • ;
    • Vy. 73.

  • Stód him sum man æt ðurh swefen (

    per somnium

    ),
    • Bd. 4, 24
      • ;
    • S. 597, 11: Cd. Th. 159, 16
      • ;
    • Gen. 2635: 160, 21
      • ;
    • Gen. 2653.

  • Him synna brytta þurh slǽp ( in sleep ) oncwæð,

    • 159, 28
      • ;
    • Gen. 2641.
marking accompanying circumstances of an action, in, with
Show examples

  • Ðú scealt þurh wóp and heáf on woruld cennan, þurh sár micel, sunu and dohtor,

    • Cd. Th. 57, 4-7
      • ;
    • Gen. 923-4.

  • Líg þurh lust geslóh micle máre ðonne gemet wǽre,

    • 231, 19
      • ;
    • Dan. 249.

  • Ðara ðe hyra lífes þurh lust brúcan,

    • Exon. Th. 127, 19
      • ;
    • Gú. 388.

  • Ða wácran ðás woruld healdaþ, brúcaþ þurh bisgo,

    • 311, 6
      • ;
    • Seef. 88.
marking aim, with a view to
Show examples

  • Hé Drihten mid hondum genom þurh edwít (

    with a view to disgrace him

    ),
    • Cd. Th. 307, 17
      • ;
    • Sat. 681.

  • Heó his láre geceás ðurh þeódscipe

    ( with a view to instruction(?), in order to be instructed; or on account of his learning(?) ),

    • Elen. Kmbl. 2331
      • ;
    • El. 1167.
with verbs of swearing, adjuring, etc., through, by, in
Show examples

  • Sume synd jurativa, ðæt synd swerigendlíce, per ðurh: juro per Deum ic swerige ðurh

    • God, Ælfc. Gr. 38
      • ;
    • Zup. 227, 3.

  • Ic swerige þurh mé sylfne

    per memetipsum juravi,

    • Gen. 22, 16.

  • Ðæt gé ne swerion ne þurh heofon ... ne þurh eorðan . . . ne ðú ne swere þurh ðín heáfod,

    • Mt. Kmbl. 5, 34-36: Cd. Th. 205, 10
      • ;
    • Exod. 433: Elen. Kmbl. 1369
      • ;
    • El. 686.

  • Ðú deópe áðe þurh ðínes sylfes sóð benemdest,

    • Ps. Th. 88, 42.

  • Ic ðec hálsige þurh gǽsta weard,

    • Exon. Th. 174, 14
      • ;
    • Gú. 1177.

  • Hý þurh mínne noman bǽdan,

    • 92, 12
      • ;
    • Cri. 1507.

  • Eallum ðǽm ðé mé gecégaþ þorh ðínne noman,

    • Shrn. 105, 6.

  • Ic ðé háte þurh ða héhstan miht,

    • Cd. Th. 308, 18
      • ;
    • Sat. 694.
marking extent :
Show examples

  • -- Hwí is ðis fæsten þus geteald þurh feówertig daga

    why is this fast reckoned at forty days?

    • Homl. Th. i. 178, 19.
Grammar
þurh, with dat. v. also C.
local,
marking motion into and out at the opposite side
Show examples

  • Englas flugon swilce ðurh ánre dúna intó ðære heofenan,

    • Homl. Th. ii. 342, 6.

  • Gif ðǽr biþ in hwem open forlǽten, ðæt se here þurh ðam infær hæbbe,

    • 432, 5.

  • Ðerh middum,

    • Lk. Skt. Lind. 4, 30.
marking motion over or in
Show examples

  • Ic wæs getogen þurh ðisse ceastre lanum,

    • Blickl. Homl. 243, 29.
in other relations,
marking means or instrument
Show examples

  • Geufered þurh láréwlícum basincge

    exaltatus melote,

    • Hpt. Gl. 440, 71.

  • Heó wolde þurh his mynegungum hire mód getrymman,

    • Homl. Th. ii. 146, 10: 448, 27.

  • Ðurh ðínum drýcræftum,

    • 414, 4.

  • Þurh ðam eárplættum,

    • 248, 25.

  • Þurh twám gewritum,

    • Wulfst. 230, 3.

  • Ðerh múðe háligwara,

    • Lk. Skt. Lind. 1, 70.
marking cause
Show examples

  • Hé næs ácweald ðurh ðam heálícan fylle,

    • Homl. Th. ii. 300, 19.

  • Seó gelaðung ys weaxende þurh ácennedum cildum and waniende þurh forðfarenum,

    • Lchdm. iii. 238, 2.
marking manner, state
Show examples

  • Hé ðæt weorc ðæs godspelles má ðurh his fóta gange fremede ðonne on his horsa ráde (

    more on foot than on horseback

    ),
    • Bd. 4, 3
      • ;
    • S. 566, 32.

  • Ðá com úre Drihten þurh wolcnum (

    in clouds

    ),
    • Blickl. Homl. 145, 35.
Grammar
þurh, in the following passages both acc. and dat. are used:
Show examples

  • --Ðá áxode se ealdorman ðone hæftling, hwæðer hé ðurh drýcræft oððe ðurh rúnstafum his bendas tóbrǽce,

    • Homl. Th. ii. 358, 10-11.

  • Hí sume þurh freónda fultum and ælmesdǽdum, and swíðost þurh hálige mæssan beóð álýsede,

    • 352, 25-27.

  • Ðurh ða treówu and ðam streáwe and ðam ceafe sind getácnode leóhtlíce synna,

    • 590, 12-14.
Grammar
þurh, with gen. :
Show examples

  • -- Wé beóð geclǽnsode þurh ðæs hálgan húselganges,

    • Homl. Th. ii. 266, 23.
Grammar
þurh, as adverb;
Show examples

  • Ðǽr wæs fleóhnet ymbe ðæs folctogan bed áhongen, ðæt se bealofulla mihte wlítan ðurh, and on hyne nǽnig monna cynnes,

    • Judth. Thw. 22, 5
      • ;
    • Jud. 49.
Etymology
[
O. E. Homl. þurh, þurch, þuregh
:
Laym. þurh, þorh
:
Orm. þurrh
:
A. R. þurh, þuruh
:
Gen. and Ex. ðurg
:
Havel. þoru
:
R. Glouc. þoru, þorw
:
Chauc. thurgh
:
Piers P. þorowȝ, thorw
:
Goth. þairh
:
O. Sax. thurh, thuru
:
O. L. Ger. thurh, thuru(-o)
:
O. Frs. thruch
:
O. H. Ger. durh, duruh (-ah, -eh).
]
Linked entries
v.  þerh þorch þorh þuruh.
Entry information
Citation

Bosworth, Joseph. “þurh.” In An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online, edited by Thomas Northcote Toller, Christ Sean, and Ondřej Tichy. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2014. https://bosworthtoller.com/32252.

Checked: 1
Full form

Word-wheel

  • þurh, prep.

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