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Anglo-Saxon

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fird

  • noun [ feminine ]
Dictionary links
Grammar
fird, faerd, ferd, fierd, fyrd(e).
Wright's OE grammar
§225; §390; §563;
Add:
in glosses or referring to other than English forces,
an expedition, campaign
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  • Faerd (fertd, Erf. )

    expeditio,

    • Txts. 61, 790
      • .

  • Fird,

    • Wrt. Voc. ii. 29, 69
      • .

  • Fird

    expeditio, i. praeparatio,

    • 145, 41
      • .

  • Fyrda

    expeditionum,

    • 76, 62
      • :
    • 29, 70
      • .

  • Firdum

    expeditionibus,

    • 30, 8
      • .

  • Ðá gesægdon Rómáne Bryttum ꝥ hí nó má ne mihton for heora gescyldnysse swá gewinnfullicum fyrdum swencte beón,

    • Bd. I. 12
      • ;
    • Sch. 33, 17
      • .
an army
Show examples

  • Ferd

    exercitus,

    • Wrt. Voc. ii. 145, 41
      • .

  • Hi cómon tó Móise þǽr hé mid þǽre firde wæs

    venerunt ad Moysen et ad omnem coetum,

    • Num. 13, 27
      • .

  • Cómon þá fíf cynegas mid firde

    (cum exercitibus suis).

    • Jos. 10, 5
      • .

  • Eneas mid his firde fór in Italiam,

    • Ors. ii
      • ;
    • S. 50, 24
      • .

  • Mid lytelre firde,

    • 3, 7
      • ;
    • S. 118,

  • Hé mid firde wæs farende þǽr Constantinus wæs mid óþerre fierde,

    • 6, 31
      • ;
    • S. 284, 32.

  • Philippus gelǽdde fird on Læcedemonie,

    • 3, 7
      • ;
    • S. 118, 24
      • .

  • Hé gegaderade fierd

    bellum parans,

    • 6, 31
      • ;
    • S. 286, 9
      • .

  • Eóde Porrus mé on houd mid ealle his ferde and dugoþe,

    • Nar. 19, 17
      • .

  • Swylce man fyrde trymme and samnige,

    • Bl. H. 01, 31
      • .

  • Fyrdum

    exercitibus,

    • Wrt. Voc. ii. 145, 42
      • .
a camp
Show examples

  • Ær þǽm gefeohte, þá hié on firde wǽron,

    • Ors. 4, l
      • ;
    • S. 156, 34
      • .

  • Hannibal bestæl on þone consul, ðǽr hó on firde sætt

    (where he was encamped),

    • 4, 10
      • ;
    • S. 198, 12
      • .
used in reference to the English militia. [The military part of the trinoda necessitas is variously rendered in Latin charters, e. g. expeditio, C. D. ii. 291, 7: expeditions profectio, 352, i: expeditionis juvamen (adjuvamen, obsejuium, subsidium, auxilium, labor, exercitiutn), 318, 26: 183, 2: 292, 19: iy. 142, 22: 45, 12: v. 181, 29: 327, 25: exercitus aditus, v. 259, 18: 283, 23: bellicae multitudinis additio iii. 358, 31 ' agonis obsequium, ii. 268, 27: vi. 166, 17: agonis militia, ii. 389, 31. Other forms are more descriptive of the general character or object of the obligation, regni defensio, iv. 149, ii : expeditio popularis, 74, 17communis expedifionis labor, 98, 8 ; communis (rata, justa, si necessitas exigaf) expeditio, v. 102, 6: iv. 35, 27 : ii. 362, 18 : iv. 115, 24: hostium expeditio, iii. 316, 17: expeditio contra (in) hastes patriae, iv. 95, 12 : 92, 19 ; communis publicae rei expeditio, iii. 194, 33: 242, 34: expeditio contra hastes, 245, ii ; communis (publica) contra hostes expeditio, 232, 26: 246, 14: generalis expeditionis necessaria societas, v. 232, 7- Cf. too, si contingat expeditionem promoueri, C. D. iii. 301, 13: 319, 36: expeditionis militia augenda, v. 334, -7 ' cum glomerata sibi alternatim expeditions compulerit populari commilitonum confligere castra, iii. 252, 10: iv. 85, !2, ]
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  • Besæt sió fierd hié þǽr útan þí hwíle þe hié þǽr lengest mete hæfdon. Ac hié hæfdon þá heora stemn gesetenne and hiora mete genotudne . . . fÞá se cyng wæs þiderweardes mid þǽre scíre þe mid him fierdedon . . . , sió óþeru fierd wæs hámweardes,

    • Chr. 894
      • ;
    • P. 85, 22-86, 4
      • .

  • Seó fird,

    • P. 88, 7, 20
      • .

  • Gesomnode man ormǽte fyrde Defenisces folces and Sumorsǽtisces . . . beáh seó Englisce fyrd, looi;

    • P. 133, 23.

  • Wæs þæs cynges fyrde hindan,

    • 948
      • ;
    • P. 112, 30
      • .

  • Cóm seó Centisce fyrde,

    • 999
      • ;
    • P. 131, 21.

  • Hé hét óðre fyrde ábannan, . . . and his fyrde tóscyfte . . . , seó fyrde eall tógædre cóm,

    • 1095
      • ;
    • P. 231, 21
      • .

  • Sende hé his sunu of þǽre fierde micle werede,

    • 823
      • ;
    • P. 60, 12
      • .

  • Mid West-Seaxna fierde,

    • 851
      • ;
    • P. 64, 21
      • .

  • Of þǽre fierde, ge eác of þǽm burgum,

    • 894
      • ;
    • P. 84, 30
      • .

  • Cóm Byrhtnðð ealdorman mid his fyrde,

    • 993
      • ;
    • P. 126, 5
      • :
    • 1001
      • ;
    • P. 133, 22
      • .

  • Sceóc hé on niht fram þǽre fyrde him sylfum tó mycelum bismore,

    • 992
      • ;
    • P. 127, 16
      • (cf.
    • Ll. Th. i. 310 below
      • ).

  • Ecgbryht lǽdde fierd,

    • 827
      • ;
    • P. 60, 32
      • .

  • Ferde,

    • 605
      • ;
    • P. 23, 5
      • .

  • Gegaderode Ælfréd cyning his fierd,

    • 894
      • ;
    • P. 84, 23
      • .

  • Fird,

    • 905
      • ;
    • P. 94, I.

  • Hét hé beódan ofer ealle þá fird,

    • 94, 4.

  • Hé sende firde ge of West-Seaxum ge of Mercum,

    • 910
      • ;
    • P. 94, 28
      • .

  • Fyrde,

    • 993
      • ;
    • P. 127, 27
      • .
  • regulations concerning the fird (see, too, the compounds):

    Gif þisses hwæt gelimpe þenden fyrd úte sié, hit sié twybóte,

    • Ll. Th. i. 88, ii.

  • Gif hwá bútan leáfe of fyrde gewende þe se cyning sylf on sý, plihte him sylfum . . . , and sé þe elles of fyrde gewende, beo sé, cxx. scill. scyldig,

    • 310, 28-30 (cf. 420, 7).

  • Gif hwá on fyrde griðbryce fulwyrce, þolige lifes,

      408, 22.
  • ¶ an instance of a person receiving and responding to a summons to the fird is given in the following:

    Gelamp emb þá tíd þæt man beónn ealle Cantware tó wígge tó Holme, pá nolde Sigelm tó wígge faran mid nánes mannes scette unágefnum. . . Hé on wígge áfeallen wæs,

    • Ch. Th. 201, 19-28.
  • ¶ a case of assessment for the fird, that of Abingdon, is given in the following:

    Expeditionem cum xii. uassallis et cum tantis scutis exerceaut,

    • C. D. i. 272, 2.
Similar entries
v. land-, scip-fird.
Linked entries
v.  fyrd færd ferd fierd.
Entry information
Citation

Bosworth, Joseph. “fird.” In An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online, edited by Thomas Northcote Toller, Christ Sean, and Ondřej Tichy. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2014. https://bosworthtoller.com/44997.

Checked: 1
Full form

Word-wheel

  • fird, n.

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