Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

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æ
þ

hé

  • pronoun
Dictionary links
Grammar
hé, [In p. 513, col. 1. l. 60 Enachis (Num. 13, 29) should be read for Enac his: cf. the accusative Enachim in Jos. 11. 21. For -is as gen. in foreign names cf. Num. 13, 11, 12.]
Wright's OE grammar
§95; §144; §163; §461; §462;
Add: nom. sing. m. hé, hee, hí, hié; f. heó, hió, hé: [also North, hiá, hiú, hiuu: Kent. hí, hiá]; n. hit, hyt: gen. m. n. his, hys, is; f. hire, hyre, hiere, heore, hiore: dat. m. n. him, hym, heom, him; f. (as gen.): acc. hine, hyne, hiene, higne, hin; f. hié, heó, hió, hé, hí, hý : [North, hiá, heá; Kent. hiá] : nom. acc. pl. hí, hig, hié, hii, hió, heó, hé, hý: [North. heá, hiá, hié, hiá; Kent, hiae] ; gen. hiera, hira, hiora, heora, hieora, hera, hyra: [North, hiara, heara] : dat. him, hym, heom
Show examples

  • Ille hé, ipse hé sylf. . . sui his, Ælf. Gr. Z. 93, 13-14. Ille hé, illius his, 96, 15 (

    and often

    pp. 96-119).
      A. masculine and feminine forms.

  • Þonne léte hé (

    God) his (the reward) hine (Lucifer )

    lange wealdan,
      Gen. 258.
    ]
where the pronoun refers to persons or personifications.
the persons definite individuals.
masculine singular
Show examples

  • Se apostol his stírde ðá hé cuæð,

      Past. 33, 10.

  • Him ætwát Petrus . . . Ða andwyrdon him ðá Iúdéas,

      443, 14.

  • Geonduearde him Philippus . . . cuoeð tó him án of ðegnum his,

      Jn. L. 6, 8.

  • Gefrugnun him ðá ǽláruas,

      9, 15 : Lk. L. 10, 30.

  • Hé him tó gehét monigne lǽce, and heora nán him ne mehte beón náne góde,

      Ors. 6, 30; S. 282, 18.

  • Mid heora ealra fultume,

      3, 10; S. 140, 18.
where the person is a male, but the noun is of the neuter gender, cf. B. I. 1 a
Show examples

  • Ꝥ cild . . . ǽr hé on innoðe geeácnod wǽre,

      Lk. 2, 21.

  • Hig cómon ꝥ cild ymsníþan, and nemdon hyne,

      1. 59.
where the pronoun represents either a male or female, cf. III. 1 a
Show examples

  • Uncer (Malchus and his wife ) láþette ǽgþer óþer þeáh þe hé hit óþrum ne sǽde,

      Shrn. 39, 22.
pronoun omitted
Show examples

  • Þá wandode se bisceop, ac hine bǽdon þá óþre, and fylston þám fæder, ꝥ gefremode his béne,

      Hml. S. 31, 1109.
pleonastically with noun (proper or common)
Show examples

  • Hé þá Malchus nyste,

      Hml. S. 23, 688.

  • Hé ðá Drihten Críst cwæð,

      Wlfst. 261, 2.

  • Nú hǽlþ hé þes man,

      Nic. 1. 27.
anomalous construction
Show examples

  • Ic nolde ꝥ ðu wéndest ꝥ se God þe fæder is eallra gesceafta, ꝥ him útane cóme his gódnes,

      Bt. 34, 3; F. 136, 23.
fem. sing.
Show examples

  • Mín dohter is deád ; ac cum . . . and heó (hiú,L., heó, R. ) lyfað,

      Mt. 9, 18.

  • Hí (sapientia ) clepað,

      Kent. Gl. 6.

  • Mín dohtor . . . sete þíne hand ofer hí (hiá,L., hiá, R.) ꝥ heó (hiá, L.) hál sý and lybbe (hiá hlifige L., hió lifge, R.),

      Mk. 5, 23.
where the person is a female, but the noun is (i) masculine
Show examples

  • Hé geworhte þæt ribb tó wífmen and gelǽdde hig tó Adame,

      Gen. 2, 22.
  • (ii) neuter

    Hí sealdon ꝥ cild . . . Heó úp eóde . . .,

      Hml. A. 125, 295.

  • Mín wíf ðá hwíle hiá hit gehaldan wile,

      C. D. i. 310, 12.

  • Án wíf . . . heó (hió,

      L., heó, R.) cwæð, Mt. 9, 21: Gen. 3, 15.

  • Nys þis mǽden (þæt mægden,

      R.) deád ac heó (hió, R.) slǽpð, Mt. 9, 24.
pleonastically, cf. (a δ) :--
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  • Heó ðá Lucretie hi selfe ácwealde,

      Ors. 2, 2; S. 66, 32.
plural; definite individuals, either males or females, or where both sexes are represented
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  • Zacharias . . . and his wíf. . . Sóðlíce hig wǽron bútá rihtwíse,

      Lk. 1. 16.

  • Latinus . . . Brutus . . . þá heó on firde wǽron . . . hié brémuste wǽron tó ðǽm cyninge,

      Ors. 2, 2 ; S. 66, 30-32 : 2, 8 ; S. 92, 29-31.

  • Hí (the Romans) hié (the daughters of the Sabines) begeáton, 2, 2; S. 64, 28. (

    c

    α) pleonastically :-- Hí ðá þá bydelas . . . férdon,
      Hml. S. 23, 52.
  • Hí ðá hálgan . . . ealle hí forhtedon, 236.
  • Hí þonne ðá seofon geómredon, 125.

  • Móyses and Helias hí fæston, and se Hǽlend . . . hé fæste, Guth. Gr. 124, 26. (c β) placed immediately before the name of the person associated with the person spoken of :-- Wæs Sarran sár on móde þæt him Abrahame (

    her and Abraham,

    cf. the similar construction with the duals of the first and second persons) ǽnig ne wearð bearn gemǽne,
      Gen. 2215.
the persons indefinite.
any one of a class or with certain characteristics
Show examples

  • Hí (

    one suited to be a bishop

    ) sceal tilian swǽ tó libbenne swǽ hé mæge . . .,
      Past. 60, 18.

  • Sé bið siweníge sé ðe his andgit bið tó ðon beorhte scínende ðæt hé (hié,

    v. l.

    ) mæge ongietan . . .,
      67, 25.

  • Hé (mulier fortis) bohte

    emit,

      Kent. Gl. 1140.

  • Mæg þone wísan . . . scamian, þonne hine . . . lysteð,

      Met. 10, 14.

  • Ðeáh hé (hí,

    v. l.

    ) fela wundra wyrcen, eft þonne hí tó him cumað,
      Past. 26, 22.

  • Eówre wítgan . . ., ðæt hé (hié,

    v. l.

    ) eów gebróhton on hreówsunge,
      90, 3.

  • Heó,

      87, 4.

  • Hié (hió,

    v. l.

    ),
      271, 20.

  • Sume ðá ðá wénað ðæt hié eáðmóde sién, hii dóð,

      301, 26.

  • Ðonne hé (hié,

    v. l.

    ) dóð . . ., ðonne hié . . . gehwierfað,
      368, 19.

  • Ic bebeóde mínum aefterfylgendum . . . ðaet hiae . . .,

      C. D. i. 293, 23.

  • Se fǽrlica deáð hé (hié,

    v. l.) bereáfode ðæs ðe hí (hié, v. l. )

    stríndon, Past
      333, 16.
  • ¶ anomalous constructions.
the pronoun repeated
Show examples

  • Hié sint tó manianne ðætte hié ðá Godes ǽ þe ús forbiét deóflum tó offrianne, ðæt hié þá ilcan ǽ ne gehwierfen tó diófulgilde,

      Past. 368, 1-4.
a singular pronoun referring to a plural antecedent
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  • Sume beóð . . . gesewen swelce hé (hié,

    v. l.) fæsðlicu weorc wyrce, and ðeáh, ðeáh hé (hié, v. l.) swá dó . . ., hé (hié, v. l. )

    bið áswunden oninnan him selfum,
      Past. 235, 18-21.
where the noun which the pronoun should represent is not given, but is to be inferred
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  • Wé cwǽdon be hláfordsearwe, ꝥ hé (i. e.

    any one that commits the crime in question

    ) beó his feóres scyldig,
      Ll. Th. i. 202, 2.
where the pronoun is omitted
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  • Nánan þeófe . . . þone þe wé geáxian ꝥ fúl sý,

      Ll. Th. i. 229, 13.

  • Ǽlc mynetere þe man tíhð ꝥ fals feoh slóge,

      296, 12.

  • Gódfremmendra swylcum gifeðe bið þæt þone hilderǽs hál gedígeð,

      B. 300.

  • Swá fela manna swá man wite ꝥ ungelygne sýn,

      Ll. Th. i. 222, 10.
any one at all, v. man
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  • Gif hig ǽnig man út ábréde, hæbbe hé Godes curs,

      Cht. E. 253, 13.

  • Hwelc fremu bið menn ðæt hé (hié,

    v. l.

    ) gestriéne eal ðæt him ymbútan sié.
      Past. 333, 11.

  • Ðý lǽs ǽnig durre . . . forcweðan, swelce hé lícette eáðmétto . . . gif hine (hiene,

    v. l.

    ) gecíst sió úplice gifu,
      51, 2-4.

  • Ǽlc mon hæfþ ðone friódóm ꝥ hé wát hwæt hé wile,

      Bt. 40, 7; F. 242, 19.

  • Mon mæg geþencean ꝥ hé on riht gedémeð,

      Ll. Th. i. 56, 29.

  • Gif hwá wrace dó ǽr þon hé him ryhtes bidde,

      108, 4. ¶
the pronoun omitted
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  • Nó þæs fród leofað gumena bearna þæt þone grund wite,

      B. 1368.
where there is no antecedent noun, they used like older
man:
—
Show examples

  • Gif se oxa hnitol wǽre for dæge oððe for twám and hig hit his hláforde cýððon,

      Ex. 21, 29.

  • Eádige synt gé þonne hí (hiá, L., mennisc, R.) wyriað eów . . . swá hí (hia, R.) éhton þá wítegan þe beforan eów wǽron,

      Mt. 5, 11-12.
where the pronoun represents a person of a class described in a preceding relative clause
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  • Sé ðe hwæt yfeles ongiet on his níhstan and hit forswugaþ, hé déð . . .,

      Past. 275, 7: 343, 19.

  • Sé þe segð . . ., hé byð scyldig,

      Mt. 5, 22 : Vald. 2, 28 : Sal. 86.
where the pronoun is antecedent :--
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  • Hæbbe hé Godes curs þe þis ǽfre undó,

      Cht. E. 253, 24, 32.

  • Críst him wurðe wráð þe hí hǽfre geþýwie,

      253, 17.
where the oblique cases of the pronoun, having any of the values given in 1. and 2., refer to the subject of the sentence.
reflexive
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  • Hé his on ðá ilcan wísan tielað ðe hié dóð,

      Past. 133, 8.

  • Se yfela ðeów . . . itt him and drincð,

      121, 13.

  • Hé þohte his sunn tó beswícanne, and him siþþan fón tó þǽm onwalde,

      Ors. 6, 30 ; S. 282, 9.

  • Hé him tó gehét monigne lǽce,

      17

  • Ne mót sé óðrum onfón, sé ðe him (qui ipse ) bið unfullod,

      Ll. Th. ii. 140, 19.

  • Gegadorode micel here hine,

      Chr. 921; P. 101, 23.

  • Gif mín wiif hiá nylle swǽ gehaldon,

      C. D. i. 310, 19.

  • Hié wǽron hiera tilgende,

      Chr. 876; P. 74, 13.

  • Alchere and Aeðelwold fón him tó ðém londe, C. D. i. 310, 24. (a α) strengthened with

    self,

    q. v. :-- Fét hé þonne higne seolfne,
      Ll. Th. ii. 430, 1.

  • Ús manode sió sóðfæstnes ðurh hé (hié,

    v. l.

    ) selfe,
      Past. 280, 8.

  • Gif hié hiera níhstan lufien suá suá hié selfe,

      275, 2.
reciprocal
Show examples

  • Antigones and Perthica gebeótedangefeohtan,

      Ors. 3, 11; S. 144, 34.

  • Ealle gesceafta þú gesceópe him gelíce and eác on sumum þingum ungelíce,

      Bt. 33, 4; F. 128, 26.

  • Hí ne beóð fram him sylfum tótwǽmede,

      Hml. Th. i. 500, 5.
as relative.
alone, cf. sé ;
Show examples

  • Wé feohtan ne dorston ongeán ðone ormǽtan here, hé (þe?) hæfde þá burh beseten,

      Hml. S. 7, 348.
combined
with þe to express the relative. v. þe;
3
Show examples

  • Sé bið siweníge sé ðe his andgit bið tó ðon beorhte scínende,

      Past. 67, 24.

  • Sende Galerius him ongeán Severus þe him se onweald ǽr geseald wæs,

      Ors. 6, 30; S. 282, 5.

  • Wá þám menn þe swicðóm þurh hyne cymð

    vae homini per quem scandalum venit,

      Mt. 18, 7.
with sé. v. sé;
2 a.
the genitive as possessive.
the pronoun as in
.
with noun, (α α) alone
Show examples

  • Þú nemst hys naman (noma is,

      L.) Hǽlend, Mt. 1. 21.

  • Wearð hyre (hire,

      L., R.) blódes ryne ádrúwod, Mk. 5, 29.

  • Fauius hieora consul,

      Ors. 3, 10; S. 140, 12 : Bl. H. 249, 2.
  • (α β) with other words :-- His seó heáhe gódnes, Bt. 34, 3; F. 136, 23.

  • Ꝥ his gód and sió his gesǽlþ,

      34, 7 ; F. 144, 20.

  • Wæs se engel ætiéwed þǽm hera bisceope,

      Bl. H. 201, 32.
without noun,
his, hers, theirs
Show examples

  • Wé his syndon,

      Ps. Th. 99, 2.

  • Hé gean Ælfriðæ ðæs cyninges wífæ . . . and ðám æðelingæ, ðæs cyngæs suna and hiræ,

      C. D. iii. 127, 26.

  • Ðá wearð Eustatius uppon his horse, and his gefeóran uppon heora,

      Chr. 1048; P. 173, 1.
the pronoun as in
.
with noun. (α α) alone
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  • Þæt on hys heortan (hearta is,

      L. ) ásáwen is, Mt. 13, 19.
without noun,
his, hers, theirs
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  • Búton heó fram þám ceorle wille eft hám ongeán, and nǽfre eft heó his ne weorðe,

      Ll. Th. i. 416, 15.
the pronoun as in
.
with noun. (α α) alone
Show examples

  • Swá man spricð wið his freónd

    sicut solet loqui homo ad amicum suum,

      Ex. 33, 11.

  • Gif hwá fare fram his hláforde,

      Ll. Th. i. 126, 9.

  • Ꝥ hé beó his feóres scyldig,

      202, 2.

  • Heó onwríhð hire ǽwelm þonne heó geopenaþ hiore ðeáwas,

      Bt. . 20; F. 70, 25.

  • Ðæt hié hera mód gestrongien,

      Past. 307, 20. ¶
    where the subject is not expressed :-- On þám dagum wæs álýfed tó álecgenne his fýnd, Hml. S. 25, 684.

  • Be unáléfedum fære from his hláforde,

      Ll. Th. i. 126, 8.
  • (α β) with other words :-- Þeáh se rihtwísa áfealle, ne wyrð his nán bán tóbrocen, Ps. Th. 36, 23.

  • God on his þǽre heán ceastre,

      Bt. 40, 7; F. 242, 31.

  • Hébioð anlíc þára his þegna sumum,

      37, 1 ; F. 186, 12.

  • Sendon hý ymb heora þæt mǽste bismer,

      Ors. 3, 11 ; S. 146, 28.
without noun
Show examples

  • Ǽr þá Crístnan mehten hira út áscúfan,

      Chr. 897 ; P. 91, 13.
  • (β β) as substantive :-- Hé bið gelícost ðǽm men ðe his tówirpð, Past. 445, 18.

  • Ðá ðe hiera (hiora, v. l.) sellað

    qui sua largiuntur,

      327, 12.
where the pronoun refers to an animal.
masculine
Show examples
  • Feóll se assa . . . and Balaam beót hine. Þá geopenode Drihten þæs assan múð, and hé cwæð: 'Hwí beáest þú me?' Num. 22, 27-28.

  • Þǽr wæs begyten se mǽsta bera . . ., sé wæs gewunod ꝥ hé manna líchaman slát . . . þá wæs hé mid réðnesse onǽled, and ðone biscop gesóhte; ac hé forgeat ealle þá his réðnesse and his heáfod ofdúne ásænde,

      Gr. D. 194, 24-195, 3.

  • Fleógende fugel, ðonne hé gífre bið, hé gesihð ðæt ǽs,

      Past. 331, 17.

  • Gif se hund má misdǽda gewyrce, and hé (

    the owner) hine (the dog )

    hæebbe,
      Ll. Th. i. 78, 6.
feminine
Show examples

  • Hé ásende áne culfran, ꝥ heó sceáwode. . . . Heó fleáh, and ne mihte findan hwær heó hire fót ásette,

      Gen. 8, 8-9.

  • Seó leó, ðeáh hió wel tam sé, and hire mágister lufige,

      Bt. 25 ; F. 88, 9.

  • Seó leó mid hire clifrum scræf geworhte,

      Hml. S. 23 b, 787.
  • Beseó hé tó þǽre nǽddran, and hé leofað sóna swá hé besihð on hig. Num. 21, 8.
for genitive as possessive see instances under
and
.
where the pronoun refers to an inanimate thing.
masculine
Show examples

  • Ðæs mónan ryne is nearo, for þan þe hé yrnð ealra tungla niðemest,

      Lch. iii. 248, 9.

  • Of ðám wǽtan þe byð gefroren ǽr þan hé tó dropum geurnen sý,

      278, 25.

  • Þá lǽwedan willað habban þone mónan be þám ðe hí hine geseóð,

      266, 10.

  • Hé nam þá hláfas and hig gedǽlde,

      Jn. 6, 11. (1 a)
    where the pronoun refers to either a masc. or fem. noun, cf. I. 1 a β :-- Gyf þín hand oððe þín fót þé swicað áceorf hyne of, Mt. 18, 8.
feminine
Show examples

  • Sió sprǽc . . ., hié (hió,

    v. l.

    ) . . . gelǽrð,
      Past. 275, 4.

  • Sió gesceádwíslice gecynd . . . ðonne hé . . . forliésð,

      351, 1 .
    Nilus seó eá hire ǽwielme is néh þǽm clife . . . and þǽr hió ǽrest úp wielð. . . . Ond þonne of þǽm sǽ þǽr hé úp of þǽm sonde scýt hé is eást irnende . . . and þǽr mon hǽt þá eá Ion, Ors. 1, 1; S. 12, 19-27.

  • Man wísdóm and láre hieder on lond sóhte, and wé hié (hí,

    v. l.

    ) nú sceoldon úte begietan, gif wé hié habban sceoldon. Swá clǽne hió wæs oðfeallenu . . .,
      Past. 3, 13.

  • Ǽlc sǽ, þeáh heó deóp sý, hæfð grund on ðǽre eorðan,

      Lch. iii. 254, 20.
  • 'Teóh ðíne hand' . . . þá teóh hé hig ongeán and bróhte hí eft út, and heó wæs gelíc þám óðrum flǽsce, Ex. 4, 7.

  • Seó Ægyptus . . . be norþan hire . . ., and be eástan hiere,

      Ors. 1. 1 ; S. 12, 16-17.

  • Genim þás wyrte . . . cnuca hý,

      Lch. i. 122, 2.

  • Hié hiora (

    books) nánwuht ongiotan ne meahton for ðǽm ðe hié nǽron on hiora ágen geðióde áwritene, Past. 5, 12. (2 a) pleonastic :-- Seó eorþe þe Lazarus deádan líchaman heóld, heó hyne cwycne ágeaf, Nic. 14, 37. v. Ors. 1, 1; S. 12, 16 supra. (2 b) possessive :-- Heó (the sun )

    mid heore beorhtan scíman,
      Bt. 4 ; F. 6, 33.

  • Hiore,

      41, 1 ; F. 244, 7.

  • Hyre,

      Lch. iii. 260, 10.
where the pronouns are used to mark sex
Show examples

  • Sum cyn is gecweden epicena, þæt is on Englisc gemenged : hic coruus ðes hremn, swá hwæðer swá hit byð, swá hé , swá heó ; hic miluus ðes glida, ǽgðer ge hé ge heó ; haec aquila ðes earn; ǽgðer ge hé ge heó, Ælfc. Gr. Z. 19, 10-14. Ursus bera,

    ursa

    heó,
      Wrt. Voc. i. 78, 12, 13. B. neuter forms.
where the pronoun refers to a neuter noun.
the noun denoting a person.
a male. cf. A. I. 1 a α
Show examples

  • Underfóh þis cild (

    puerum istum

    ) and féd hit,
      Ex. 2, 9.

  • Áxiað be þám cilde, and þonne gé hyt gemélað,

      Mt. 2, 8.
a female, v.
.
sex not determined
Show examples

  • Manig wíf swelt for hire bearne ǽr heó hit forðbringan mæge,

      Bt. 31, 1; F. 112, 11.
the noun denoting an animal
Show examples

  • Ongan his hors wérigean . . . oð ðæt hit on eorðan hreás,

      Bd. 3, 9; Sch. 230, 3; Ps. Th. 32, 15. ꝥ

  • Hé genam án cealf . . . and se cnapa hit ofslóh,

      Gen. 18, 7.
the noun denoting an inanimate object
Show examples

  • Ðæt hefige mód glít . . . , oð hit áfielð . . . ; for ðæm hit ǽr hit nolde behealdan . . . , hit sceal áfeallan,

      Past. 279, 2-5.

  • Hé ðæs áliéfdan nánwuht nolde forlǽtan, ac his swíðe ungemetlíce breác,

      339, 5.

  • Wé cwǽdon be hláfordsearwe, ꝥ hé beó his feóres scyldig, gif hé his ætsacan ne mihte,

      Ll. Th. i. 202, 3.

  • Hé ástígende on án scyp . . . bæd hyne ꝥ hé hit fram lande tuge,

      Lk. 5, 3.

  • Wæs micel licggende feoh funden ; sum hit Scipia tó Róme sende, sum hé hit hét ðǽm folce dǽlan,

      Ors. 4, 10 ; S. 196, 30. (3 a) pleonastic :--
    Hit is welig þis eálond on wæstmum, Bd. 1, 1 ; Sch. 8, 6.
  • Hit hafað þis land sealtseáðas, and hit hafað hát wæter, 24.

  • Brittania þæt ígland hit is norðeástlang ; and hit is eahta míla lang,

      Ors. 1, 1 ; S. 24, 12.

  • Mýn rýce nys ná on þysum myddanearde; gif hyt on þysum myddaneard(e) mýn ríce wǽre, þonne . . . ,

      Nic. 4, 37.

  • Uton oðwendan hit monna bearnum, þæt heofonríce, nú wé hit habban ne móton. Gen. 403 : B. 1705. (3 b) pronoun omitted :-- On þám gemótan, þeáh wurðan on namcúðan stówan,

      Ll. Th. i. 348, 17.
possessive, its (
his, her)
Show examples

  • Ꝥ hús feóll; and his hryre wæs mycel,

      Mt. 7, 27.

  • Ꝥ mægden cuoeð móder his

    puella dicit matri suae,

      Mk. L. 6, 28.

  • Hé geheáld hond his (hyre hand,

      W. S.) cuoeðende, 'Lá, mægden, árís,' Lk. 8. 54.
where the pronoun represents a masculine or feminine noun.
masc.
a living creature
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  • Gif se oxa spyrnð ongeán ðá gáde, hit dereð him sylfum,

      Hml. Th. i. 390, 10.
an inanimate object
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  • Se wǽta . . . , gyf hit sealt sý . . . , hit byð . . . tó ferscum wæterum áwend,

      Lch. iii. 278, 10.

  • Hié wurdon geunrét mid moncwealme, and sé wæs swá ungemetlic, ðæt hié . . . sóhton hú hí hit gestillan mehte,

      Ors. 3, 10; S. 140, 8.

  • Þisne middangeard . . . hit,

      S. 142, 23: Past. 5, 5.
fem.
a living creature
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  • Geseah hé león (cf. seó leó, 777) . . . and hit his fótlástes liccode,

      Hml. S. 23 b, 773.
an inanimate object
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  • Ðára byrðenna hefignesse, eall ðæt ic his geman, ic áwríte,

      Past. 23, 12.

  • Ne gǽð ná máre tó métinge búton þæt þú hit geseó and herige,

      Hml. Th. i. 186, 7.

  • Þá þe landáre hæfdon, hí hit beceápodon,

      316, 10. ¶ possessive :--
    Þonne seó leó bringð his hungregum hwelpum hwæt tó etaune, Ors. 3, 11; S. 142, 24 : Hml. S. 23 b, 778.
the pronoun representing a personal pronoun or noun
Show examples

  • Cwyst þú eom ic hyt (ah ic hit eam, R. )

    numquid ego sum?.

      Mt. 26, 22.

  • Ah hit sié ic

    numquid ego ?

    ,
      Mk. R. 14, 19.

  • Gif þú hyt eart (ꝥ siǽ, R.)

    si tu es,

      Mt. 14, 28.

  • Hí wiston ꝥ hit wæs Drihten scientes quia Dominus est, Jn. 21, 12. III a. the pronoun omitted :-- Se Hǽlend cwæð: 'Hé ys (

    he it is,

      A. V.) sé ðe ic ráce hláf, ' Jn. 13, 26.

  • Him wearð gesǽd ꝥ wǽre Martinus,

      Hml. S. 31, 994.
where the pronoun represents an object which is described in, or may be inferred from, the context
Show examples

  • Þá þá þú tó þám gefeohte férdest þú offrodest deóflum, and nú ðú sigefæst cóme þú gebǽde þé tó Críste; cýð mé hú hit sý,

      Hml. S. 7, 342.

  • Genim þá ylcan wyrte, and wyl on ealdan wíne tó þriddan dǽle, hit hǽlþ wunderlíce,

      Lch. i. 72, 24: 122, 9.

  • Genim þǽre ylcan wyrte þreóra trymessa wǽge, seóð on ealdum wíne, and gníd þǽrtó xxvii piporcorn; gedrinc his þreó full fulle,

      74, 1.

  • Sete ðín wín, and lege ðínne hláf ofer ryhtwísra monna byrgenne, and ne et his nánwuht,

      Past. 327, 2.

  • Æfter ðǽm þe him swá oftrǽdlíce mislamp, hié angunnan hit wítan heora látteówum and heora cempum heora earfeþa,

      Ors. 4, 4; S. 164, 25.
where hit stands in apposition to a following clause or infinitive phrase :--
Show examples

  • Hycgað his ealle, hú gé hí beswícen,

      Gen. 432.

  • Unc hit Waldend héht for wera synnum Sodoma and Gomorra sweartan líge fýre gesyllan and þás folc sleán,

      2504.
hit as indefinite subject
Show examples

  • On lencten hit gréwð, and on hærfest hit fealwaþ,

      Bt. 21; F. 74, 22.

  • Swylce hit ealle niht dagie,

      Lch. iii. 260, 1.

  • Hit segð on hálgum bócum, þæt . . . ,

      Wlfst. 146, 16.

  • Þæs ylcan scyldige þe hit hér beforan cwæð,

      Ll. Th. i. 248, 18.

  • Winnende þǽr hit þonne þearf wæs,

      Ors. 6, 23; S. 274, 29.

  • Harold þǽr his liðes ábád, for þám þe hit wæs lang ǽr hit man gegaderian mihte,

      Chr. 1066 ; P. 196, 14.
  • ¶ with plural verb :--

    Fór Hannibal, þéh þe hit (the earlier MS. omits hit) ymbe þone tíman wǽron swá micel snáwgebland,

      Ors. 4. 8; Bos. 90, 5.
Entry information
Citation

Bosworth, Joseph. “hé.” In An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online, edited by Thomas Northcote Toller, Christ Sean, and Ondřej Tichy. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2014. https://bosworthtoller.com/51814.

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  • hé, pronoun.

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