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heard

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Wright's OE grammar
§5; §7; §49; §66; §168; §218; §278; §299; §325; §426; §439; §620;
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  • Heard

    dira,

    heardre

    dirae,

    • Wrt. Voc. ii. 27, 64, 72
      • .
of material
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  • Wæs hió

    (an iceberg)

    hetegrim . . . bordweallas

    (the sides of a ship)

    gróf heard

    (or under VI ?) and híþende,

    • Rä. 34, 7
      • .

  • Gúðbyrne . . . heard, handlocen,

    • B. 322
      • .

  • Heardes ísenes grindlas,

    • Gen. 383
      • .

  • Mid hefegum helme oððe heardre byrnan,

    • Hml. Th. ii. 502, 13
      • .

  • Ic læg on heardum stáne,

    • Cri. 1425
      • .

  • Hearde méde (cf. on Heardanlége, ðǽre is óðer noma Drýganlég,

    • C. D. v. 141, 27
      • ),
    • Txts. 436, 5
      • .

  • Hí fuhton heardum heoruwǽpnum,

    • Jud. 263
      • .

  • Iornan on hearde wegas,

    • Shrn. 72, 2.

  • Eorðan lím symle bið þý heardra þe hit sǽstreámas swídor beátað,

    • Gen. 1325
      • .

  • Flinte heardra,

    • Rä. 41, 78.
used of a tree;
Similar entries
cf. hard-beam
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  • Hé ástág in treé heard (treó heord, R.)

    ascendit in arborem sicomorum,

    • Lk. L. 19, 4
      • .

  • Ǽlces treówcynnes dǽl . . . bútan heardan beáman,

    • Lch. i. 398, 8
      • .
used substantively:
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  • Ealle þá sár and ꝥ hearde hyt gelíðigaþ and gehnesceaþ,

    • Lch. i. 368, 1.
used figuratively:
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  • Þú heardeste strǽl tó ǽghwilcre unrihtnesse,

    • Bl. H. 241, 3.
of persons,
capable of great physical endurance or exertion, hardy, bold in fight (lit. or fig.)
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  • Is his eafora nú heard hér cumen,

    • B. 376
      • .

  • Róf óretta heard under helme,

    • 2539.

  • Þǽr oninnan bær eorlgestreóna hringa hyrde, hard wyrðne dǽl fǽttan goldes

    there in bore of treasures, of plated gold, the rings' keeper bold a noble portion,

    • 2245.
[
For hard wyrðne several emendations have been suggested: hard-fyrdne, hard-fyndes, hord-wyrðne, hord-wynne.
]
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  • Árás þá se rica (Beowulf) . . . sume þǽr bidon . . . swá him se hearda beheád,

    • 401.

  • Wracu sceal heardum men (cf. sélre bið ǽghwǽm þæt hé his freónd wrece,

    • B. 1385
      • ),
    • Gn. Ex. 153
      • .

  • Ecg sceal on sweorde and ord spere, hyge heardum men,

    • 205.

  • Frægn Scipia hiene an hwíg hit gelang wǽre ꝥ Numentię swá raðe áhnescaden, swá hearde swá hié longe wǽron. Ðá sǽde hé ꝥ hié wǽren hearde þá hwíle þe hié hira ánrǽdnesse geheóldon him betweónum

    Scipio Tiresum consuluit, qua ope res Numantina aut prius invicta durasset, aut post fuisset eversa. Tiresus respondit: ' Concordia invicta . . . ',

    • Ors. 5, 3
      • ;
    • Swt. 222, 13-18
      • .

  • Hearde hildfrecan,

    • B. 2205
      • .

  • Gúðfrecan gáras sendon on heardra gemang,

    • Jud. 225
      • .
with gen. of noun defining form of activity:
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  • Beadwe heard,

    • B. 1539.

  • Wíges heard Créca drihten

    (Ulysses),

    • Met. 26, 13
      • .

  • Níðweorca heard

    (Edgar),

    • Chr. 973
      • ;
    • P. 118, 23
      • .
figuratively of a saint:
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  • Beorn

    (St. Andrew)

    beaduwe heard,

    • An. 984
      • .
firm, steadfast, resolute
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  • Þeáh þe se líchoma wǽre mid þǽre untrumnesse swá swíðe geswenced, hweþre his mód wæs á heard and gefeónde on Drihten,

    • Bl. H. 227, 9
      • :
    • Gú. 950
      • .

  • Árás eorla wynn heard, hygesnottor . . . méðe for þám miclum bisgum,

      1082,

  • Heard and higestrang,

    • Men. 42
      • :
    • An. 1401
      • .

  • Se hearda hyge,

    • Gú. 517
      • .

  • Þá þrý cómon tó þeódne foran hearde and higeþancle,

    • Dan. 94.
of word or thought,
bold, resolute:
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  • Á scyle geong mon wesan geómormód, heard heortan geþóht swylce habban sceal, blíðe gebǽro,

    • Kl. 43
      • .

  • Him þá bróðor þrý æt sprǽce þǽre hǽldon hygesorge heardum wordum,

    • Gen. 2035.
of things.
capable of resisting wear or injury
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  • Þá treówa þe beóð áheáwene on fullum mónan beóð heardran wið wyrmǽtan and lengfǽrran þonne þá ðe beóð on níwum mónan áheáwene,

    • Lch. iii. 268, 10
      • .
of a character not easily impressed or moved.
of persons,
obdurate
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  • Manige men beóð heardre heortan,

    • Bl. H. 57, 18
      • .

  • Módblinde men flintum heardran,

    • Cri. 1189
      • .

  • Heó wáron stearce, stáne heardran,

    • El. 565
      • .

  • Ic wæs þæs heardestan geþóhtes mann

    (a man of a mind impervious to good influences

    (?: the Latin is: homo obscurae opiniouis),

    þæt ic mé míne dagas tó nytte ne gedyde,

    • Fórst. Verc. 137, 18
      • .
of non-material things,
rigid, unyielding
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  • Heardum

    rigido (imperio),

    • An. Ox. 1293
      • .
difficult to bear, oppressive, rigorous, strict.
of things not necessarily painful
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  • Him heard

    (durum)

    wæs ꝥ hí on ealdum móde wǽron geneádode níwe þing tó smeágenne,

    • Gr. D. 104, 20
      • .

  • Heard wæs hinsíð,

    • Hö. 7
      • .

  • Ús seó wyrd scyðeð heard and hetegrim,

    • An. 1564
      • .

  • Heardan ceápe,

    • B. 2482
      • .

  • Þurh heard gelác,

    • An. 1094
      • .

  • Feala ðú ætýwdest folce ðínum heardra wísan

    ostendisti populo tuo dura,

    • Ps. Th. 59, 3
      • .

  • Hearde laga

    rigidas (i. duras) leges,

    • Wülck. Gl. 256, 33
      • .

  • Heardran hǽle,

    • B. 719
      • .

  • Nǽfre ic geférde heardran drohtnoð,

    • An. 1404
      • .

  • Nýd bið wyrda heardost.

    • Sal. 310.
of painful things
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  • Næs ná mid Rómánum ǽr ne siþþan swá heard gefeoht swá þǽr wæs

    numquam ulla Romano militi tumultuosior pugna et terribilior fuit,

    • Ors. 5, 7
      • ;
    • S. 230, 12.

  • Níð heard and hetegrim,

    • An. 1397
      • .

  • Heardes hellewítes,

    • Gen. 303
      • .

  • Ðone kyning ðe hine on swá heardum wræce gebróhte,

    • Past. 37, 4
      • .

  • Sume hé lét þreágan mid heardum broce

    alios duris agitari sinit,

    • Bt. 39, 11
      • ;
    • F. 228, 24
      • .

  • Longe ic wæs nú on ðǽm heardan campe,

    • Bl. H. 225, 31
      • .

  • Hón on heardre hengene,

    • Hml. Th. ii. 308, 30
      • :
    • Hml. S. 37, 101, 157
      • .

  • Morðorleán heard and heorogrim,

    • Cri. 1613
      • .

  • Þincð sió sóðe gesǽlð þý wynsumre þe hé má heardra hénða ádreógeð,

    • Met. 12, 21
      • :
    • B. 166
      • .

  • Heardra hearma,

    • An. 1447
      • .

  • Þeán ðe þæt wíte hwéne heardre and strengre gedón sié

    cum paulo districtius agitur,

    • Bd. 1, 27
      • ;
    • Sch. 66, 16
      • .

  • Wíta heardost,

    • Kr. 87
      • .

  • ꝥ hé onfó þæs heardestan þeów-dómes,

    • Bl. H. 49, 5.
of a time in which there is suffering
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  • Se hearda dæg

    (the day of doom),

    • Cri. 1065
      • .

  • Nǽnig bihelan mæg on þám heardan dæge wom unbéted,

    • 1311.
of persons,
harsh, severe in dealing with any one :
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  • Symble hé þá steóre dyde bútan mildheortnesse, and hit má dyde on wælgrimnesse wyllan þonne mid ǽnigre mildheortlicre forgifnesse . . . hé wæs swá heard and unforgyfende þám forwyrhtum mannum,

    • Gr. D. 320, 1
      • .

  • Wearð Tiberius Rómánum swá wráð and swá heard swá hé him ǽr wæs milde and iéþe

    inmutata est Tiberli modestia, atque ex mansuetissimo principe saevissima bestia exarsit,

    • Ors. 6, 2
      • ;
    • S. 254, 30
      • .

  • Hét mec hláford min hér heard

    (?her-heard, MS.; see hearh-eard. Grein suggested eard, but the alliteration seems to require heard. Cf. oððe þis waroð þe hér áworpen ligeð, Rä 41, 49)

    niman,

    • Kl. 15.

  • Gé him ǽghwæs oftugon þurh heardne hyge hrægles nacedum, móses meteleásum,

    • Cri. 1506
      • .
of a person's actions, qualities, &c.:
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  • Heard spéc

    sermo durus (suscitat furorem

    • Prov. 15, 1
      • ),
    • Kent. Gl. 503
      • .

  • Hé þóhte forgrípan gumcynne grimme and sáre heardum mihtum,

    • Gen. 1276.
of a thing with which injury may be inflicted by a person:
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  • Heardum méce

    dira framea

    • An. Ox. 890
      • .
intense in force or degree
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  • Gif seó sealf sié tó hear[d], geswét mid hunige,

    • Lch. ii. 36, 16.

  • Þonne heard gebrec, hlúd, unmǽte, swár and swíðlic, swégdynna mǽst, ældum egeslic, eáwed weorðeð,

    • Cri. 954
      • .

  • Se líchoma on þone heardestan stenc and on þone fúlostan bið gecyrred,

    • Bl. H. 59, 12
      • .
of energetic, vehement action
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  • Heard handplega,

    • Exod. 327
      • .

  • Heard gripe hrúsan,

    • Ruin. 8
      • .

  • Heorosweng heardne,

    • B. 1590
      • .

  • Is þé gúð weotod heardum heoruswengum,

    • An. 954
      • .
Similar entries
v. ecg-, ellen-, feól-, for-, fýr-, gúþ-, hrímig-, íren-, mægen-, níþ-, regn-, scúr-, slíþ-, stearc-, stede-, þræc-, þroht-, wig-heard. The word is found in many person-names: for a list of such see Txts. pp. 485-6.
Linked entries
v.  heard-fyrde heard-lic heardlíce heardness hearh-eard.
Entry information
Citation

Bosworth, Joseph. “heard.” In An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online, edited by Thomas Northcote Toller, Christ Sean, and Ondřej Tichy. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2014. https://bosworthtoller.com/52049.

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