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Anglo-Saxon

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in

  • preposition
Dictionary links
Grammar
in, prep.
Wright's OE grammar
§558; §575;
Add: A. with dat. inst.
of position or location,
within any place or thing
Show examples

  • Gif in cyninges túne man mannan ofsleá,

      Ll. Th. i. 4, 4.

  • In (on,

    v.l.

    ) cyninges healle,
      66, 8: 82, 8.

  • Sié þé in heáhnessum éce hǽlo and in eorðan lof,

      Cri. 411.
  • Gekýþe hé ꝥ hé ꝥ feoh in wíc gebohte. Ll. Th. i. 34, 10.

  • Gif in feaxe (

    in the part of the head covered by hair

    ) bið wund,
      92, 18.

  • Seó sceal in eágan,

      Gn. Ex. 123.

  • Hiora in ánum weóll sefa, B. 2599. (1 a) where a place is defined by a characteristic :-- Méde on heofonum, sigorleán in swegles wuldre, Jud. 345: Dan. 404. (1 b) with proper names of countries, towns, &c. :-- In (on,

    v.l.

    )
      Breotone, Bd. 2, 12; Sch. 157, 12: Men. 40.

  • Gif hit man in Cænt ætfó,

      LI. Th. i. 34, 6.
  • Hé wæs ǽr in Mercum preóst in Breódúne. Chr. 731; P. 45, 8.

  • Þá þe in Norþhymbrum búgeað and on Eást-Englum,

      894; P. 86, 7.
of position.
on
Show examples

  • Of ðǽm mere ðe. Trúsó standeð in staðe,

      Ors. 1, 1; S. 20, 9.

  • Hé wrát in wáge worda gerýnu,

      Dan. 723.

  • Ðǽr bád in cynestóle cáseres mǽg,

      El. 330: B. 1952.

  • Þes wudu áworpen ligeð in eorðan,

      Rä. 41, 50.

  • Gekýþe hé in wiófode (cf. Cliroc hine clǽnsie ... áne his hand on wiófode,

      40, 18)
    mid his gewytena ánum, Ll. Th. i. 34, 8.
at
Show examples

  • In midle

    in centro,

      Wrt. Voc. ii. 92, 13.

  • Cwæþ hé þus in fruman þæs epistoles,

      Nar. 1. 8.
with collectives,
as singular,
in
Show examples

  • Mǽrsiað mínne restendæg in eówrum cynne,

      Wlfst. 210, 21.

  • In mǽgða gehwǽre,

      B. 25.

  • Þá wæs gefrége in þǽre folcsceare,

      El. 968.

  • In þám gárheápe,

      Exod. 321.
as plural, or with plurals,
among
Show examples

  • Gif man in Lencten hálig ryht in folce álecge,

      Ll. Th. i. 88, 13: Gen. 2834: Hy. 4, 87.

  • Swǽse men in leódum,

      Ll. Th. i. 38, 3.

  • In þǽm gástlicum þrymmum,

      Bl. H. 21, 15.
defining the particular part of anything in which it is affected
Show examples

  • Gif mon bið in (on,

    v.l.

    ) eaxle wund,
      Ll. Th. i. 98, 5.

  • Godes órettan in sefan swencan,

      Gú. 542.
expressing relation to that which covers, clothes, &c.
Show examples

  • Preóst hine clǽnsie in his hálgum hrægle,

      Ll. Th. i. 40, 14.

  • Þá hie in hyra gryregeatwum gangan cwómon,

      B. 324.

  • Gefrætwed in eádwelum,

      Ph. 586.
marking a whole where the parts forming it are stated
Show examples

  • Þrý sind in naman ryhte rúnstafas,

      Rä. 59, 14.
in a book,
in a company, where the subject matter of a book, or a member of a company, is referred to
Show examples

  • Þæne heriað in gewritum rincas regolfæste,

      Men. 43.

  • Sint in bócun his wundor cýðed,

      El. 826.

  • Þrítiga sum þára monna þe in þám here weorþuste wǽron,

      Chr. 878; P. 76, 17.
with non-physical objects considered as having extension or content
Show examples

  • Healdeð Meotudes ǽ in breóstum,

      Ph. 458: An. 51.
  • Hé herede in heortan heofonríces weard, 52.

  • Him wæs Godes egsa in gemyndum,

      Gú. 139.

  • In móde,

      Mód. 83: B. 180: Dan. 218.

  • In wera lífe,

      Cri. 416.
of situation, condition, occupation, form, &c.
of situation, kind of position
Show examples

  • In líge sár wánian, Gú. 1085. (1 a) situation expressed by material instruments, in bonds, set

    in

    silver, &c. :-- Ic sceal bídan in bendum,
      Sat. 49: Gú. 545: Rä. 54, 6.

  • Stán in goldfate smiða orþoncum biseted,

      Ph. 304. (1 b)
    situation as to light, darkness, &c., and atmospherical environment :-- Þá þe in þeóstrum sǽton, Cri. 116.

  • Þæt wé ús behýdan magon in þissum neowlan genipe,

      Sat. 102.

  • Þeóf sceal gangan in þýstrum wederum, Gn. C. 42. (1 c) situation within the range of sensuous observation or the sphere of action of another,

    in

    the sight, hearing, power, care, &c. :-- In gemótes gewitnesse,
      Ll. Th. i. 82, 16, In gesihðe, Gú. 731.

  • In gewealdum wuldorcyninges,

      Gú. 568: 666.

  • In his meahtum sind ealle gesceafta,

      Jul. 182.

  • In Godes dóme,

      Gú. 82.

  • In dracan fæðme,

      E.l. 766.
  • Sáwla ne móton in mínum ǽhtum wunigan, 907.

  • In Godes wære,

      Gú. 718.

  • In freoðu Dryhtnes,

      Ph. 597.
of condition or state
Show examples

  • Hé in oferhygde lifde,

      Dan. 107.

  • Ic in wíte, sceal bídan,

      Sat. 48.
  • In sibbe. Ph. 601.

  • In hǽlo,

      Gú. 368.

  • Lifgan in lisse,

      Ph. 672.

  • In yrmðum,

      An. 163.

  • In cearum,

      Gú. 193.
  • In wræcsíðe, 595.

  • In sorgum,

      El. 694.

  • In dýgle,

      Gú. 437.

  • In lífe,

      Ph. 607.

  • In lífe

    when alive,

      An. 597.

  • Wunian in gewinne,

      Cri. 622. (2 a) with concrete substantive :-- Ne
    mæg þǽr manna gecynd geféran in líchoman, El. 737: Gú. 732.

  • In flǽschaman,

      Ps. C. 143.
of occupation
Show examples

  • Hé leofað in leahtrum,

      Mód. 76: Sal. 316.

  • Hé in gylpe wæs,

      Dan. 636.

  • In lofe,

      Wal. 88.

  • Gé in gestalun stondað, Gú. 481. (3 a)

    in the act or process of

    :-- Hine synnigne man gefó in ceápe oþþe elles æt openre scylde,
      Ll. Th. i. 124, 22.

  • Gé weorðmyndu in dolum dreáme Dryhtne gieldað,

      Gú. 435.
of form, order, &c.
Show examples

  • Se þreát Þára Godes þeówa in wífháde

    ancillarum Dei caterva,

      Bd. 4, 7; Sch. 385, 15.
of manner in speech or writing
Show examples

  • Tó þǽre ceastre þe in Englisc is háten Kalcacester,

      Bd. 4, 23; Sch. 466, 15.
of means or instrumentality,
with
Show examples

  • Mynstres aldor hine cænne in preóstes canne,

      Ll. Th. i. 40, 13.

  • Ic beóm onsended þæt ic in mánweorcum oncyrre hyge from hálor,

      Jul. 439.

  • Monige þeówiað in þeáwum,

      Gú. 473.
  • Þám þe his in weorcum willan ræfnað, 594.
  • Ic in líchoman and in mínum gǽste Gode campode, 615.
of measure,
within
Show examples

  • Ne geweorðe ꝥ crísten man gewífige in .vi. manna sibfæce,

      Ll. Th. i. 318, 13.
expressing object, aim, purpose, &c.
Show examples

  • Ne wé swylc ne gefrugnan gelimpan þæt þú in sundorgiefe swylce befénge,

      Cri. 80.

  • In egesan engel Drihtnes lét his hand cuman in þæt heá seld,

      Dan. 721.
expressing reference or relation to something, in reference or regard to, in the case or
matter of
Show examples

  • Ðú in (on,

    v.l.

    ) mihte and on ríce hí oferstígest,
      Bd. 2, 12; Sch. 157, 12.

  • Se gǽst þíhð in þeáwum,

      Gú. 369.
with special forces.
belonging to as an attribute
Show examples

  • Ne ic culpan in þé, incan ǽnigne, ǽfre onfunde,

      Cri. 177.
partaking in, associated in
Show examples

  • Hæbbe hé ǽnne mid in áðe,

      Ll. Th. i. 28, 12.

  • Hæbbe hé him in áðe óðirne ǽwdan,

      42, 8.
of representative character,
in the name of
Show examples

  • In Crístes noman ... and in þáre hálgan róde naman,

      Wlfst. 224, 9-11.
expressing relation,
of the action of a verb to an indirect object, to rejoice
in, &c.
Show examples

  • Gé gefeóð in firenum,

      Gú. 479.
of an adjective (or participle) to some department to which its qualification is limited
Show examples

  • Æþele in (on,

    v.l.

    ) weoruldgebyrdum,
      Bd. 4, 23; Sch. 464, 3.

  • Snottor in sefan,

      Exod. 438.

  • In dǽdum deór,

      Seef. 41.

  • Gleáw in gǽste,

      Cri. 139.

  • Trum in breóstum,

      Men. 134.

  • Gleáw in geþance,

      El. 807.
of substantive to a certain sphere
Show examples

  • Geofu in godcundum mægne,

      Gú. 501.
  • Dǽl in godcundum gǽstgerýnum, 219.
temporal,
within the limits of a period or space of time
Show examples

  • In foreweardum Danieles dagum,

      Chr. 709; P. 40, 25.

  • In ǽrdagum,

      Cri. 79.
  • In ealddagum, 303.
  • In geárdagum, 251: 822.

  • In fyrndagum,

      Exod. 559: Dan. 317: Ph. 570: Gú. 601. (1 a) with sbs. implying time :-- Ic
    ǽfre in ealdre ǽngum ne wolde þæs melda weorðan, Gú. 1202.

  • In woruldlífe,

      Dan. 103: Crä. 15: Gú. 1142.

  • In geoguðe,

      Seef. 40.
of a limit of time,
within the space of
Show examples

  • Ne wé þǽre wyrde wénan þurfon tóweard in tíde,

      Cri. 82.
where other preps. or none are now more usual,
on
Show examples

  • Þone dæg in þám seó hálige ród geméted wæs,

      El. 1224.
during
Show examples

  • Ic þone déman in dagum mínum wille weorðian,

      Gú. 590.

  • Þín geleáfa in lífdæge on úrum móde þurhwunige,

      Hy. 6, 8.

  • In hyra lífdagum,

      Wal. 75.
  • (b α) with words implying time :-- Gehalde hine heofones cyning in ðissum lífe ondwardum and eác swá in ðǽm tówardan lífe, C.D. ii. 121, 32.

  • Ic þone déman wille lufian in lífe (

    during life

    ),
      Gú. 592.
where no prep. would be used
Show examples

  • Siendon þine dómas in daga gehwárm sóðe,

      Dan. 287. B. with acc.
of motion.
after verbs of coming, going, bringing, putting, sending, &c.
where a material object moves to a position
Show examples

  • Gif man in mannes tún geirneð, Ll. Th. i. 6, 16. ꝥ ne þeówe ne freó ne móton in (on,

    v.l.

    ) þone here faran bútan leáfe, ne heora nán þe má tó ús,
      156, 1.

  • In þæt seld gangan,

      Dan. 151.

  • Scúr sceal in þás woruld cuman,

      Gn. C. 41.

  • Lǽtað gáres ord in gedúfan in fǽges ferð, An. 1334. ¶ with proper names :-- Ðá férdon Peohtas in (on, v.l.) Breotone, Bd. 1. 1; Sch. 11, 20. (1 a)

    with

    innan :-- Engel in þone ofn innan becwóm,
      Dan. 638.
  • Hé biereð in þæt treów innan torhte frætwe. Ph. 200.
where the subject of the verb is non-material
Show examples

  • Oð ðæt wintra rím gegǽð in þá geoguðe þæt se gǽst lufað onsýn yldran hádes

    until years come upon youth (until a man gets older), so that the spirit loves the appearance of an older state,

      Gú. 470.

  • Óðer cóm geár in geardas,

      B. 1134.

  • Lét his bén cuman in þá beorhtan gesceaft,

      Gú. 749: El. 1089.
after verbs in which the idea of motion is not explicitly expressed
Show examples

  • Hí feor þonan in þás deáðdene drohtað sóhton,

      Ph. 416: Gú. 1343.
  • His sefan trymman tó wuldre in þá wlitegan gesceaft, 1090.

  • Heó þá róde héht in seolfren fæt locum belúcan,

      El. 1026. ¶ in a figurative expression, v. sceát; IV :-- Gif hió óðrum mæn in sceát bewyddod sí, Ll. Th. i. 24, 5. (2 a) with verbs expressing birth or creation :-- Þú fram mínre dohtor onwóce in middangeard. Sat. 440: B. 60.

  • Bearn in woruld cennan,

      Vy. 2: Cri. 452: 640: El. 336.
  • God sáwle in wuldor áweceð. Ph. 567.

  • Ne ǽnig þára dreáma þe Dryhten gescóp gumum tó glíwe in þás geómran woruld,

      Ph. 139. (2 b)
    with collectives, expressing entrance or admission to membership :-- Þæt wæs wíglic werod; wáce ne grétton in þæt rincgetael ræswan herges, Exod. 234.
in reference to non-physical regions. Cf. A. I. 8
Show examples

  • Geác sorge bodeð in breóstheord,

      Seef. 55.

  • Ic onsende in breóstsefan bitre geþoncas,

      Jul. 405.

  • Nalæs hý him gelíce láre bǽron in his módes gemynd,

      Gú. 89.
of situation or position, condition or state.
of situation.
into the embrace, clutch, &c. (lit. or fig. )
Show examples

  • Þú scealt þín feorh beran in gramra gripe,

      An. 217: 953.

  • Sáwle bescúfan in fýresfæðm,

      B. 185.
into the power, possession, care of,
into the sight. Cf. A. II. 1 c
Show examples

  • In feónda geweald,

      An. 1621.

  • Him wundra fela Alwalda in ǽht forgeaf,

      Exod. 11.
  • Him engla God hálige heápas in gehyld bebeád, 382.

  • In gehyld Godes,

      An. 117.
  • In Godes wære. Men. 39: Gu. 662.

  • In eágna gesihð,

      Rä. 60, 9.
in reference to seate or condition. Cf. A. II. 2
Show examples

  • Woldun hý geteón in orwénnysse Meotudes cempan,

      Gú. 547.

  • In écne gefeán,

      Men. 173.

  • Ne lǽd þú ús in costunge,

      Hy. 6, 28.

  • In wíta forwyrd,

      An. 1620: El. 765: Leás, 10.

  • In þeóde þrym gestígan,

      Crä. 19.
  • In líf onwæcnan. Ph. 640.

  • He ácenned wearð in cildes hád,

      El. 776.

  • Hé in binne wæs in cildes híw cláðum biwunden,

      Cri. 725.
introducing that into which anything turns or is made
Show examples

  • Hí hogedon þæt heán mægen ne hwyrfe in hǽðendóm,

      Dan. 221.

  • Hí setton mé in edwít þæt ic eáðe forbær rúme regulas,

      Gú. 459. (3 a) introducing the condition or result brought about by some action :-- Hé þæt hluttre mód in þæs gǽstes gód georne trymede, Gú. 78. (3b) of exchange. Cf. to turn into money
    = sell for money. Cf. on; B. III. 8 :-- His freónd in gold (on gold, wiþ goldes, v.ll.) bebycgan

    amicum suum auro uendere,

      Bd. 2, 12; M. 130, 33.
introducing parts produced by division
Show examples

  • Wæs tódǽled in tuá biscscíra West-Seaxna lond,

      Chr. 709; P. 40, 26.
of direction without motion of the agent. Cf. on; B. III. 3
Show examples
  • Gúðlác his in Godes willan mód gerehte, Gú 66.

  • Onstép mínne hige in gearone rǽd,

      Hý. 4, 39.
expressing the relation
of a verb to some indirect object, to believe in, trust
in
Show examples

  • Ic þæt gelýfe in líffruman, écne onwealdan ealra gesceafta,

      Gú. 609: An. 562.

  • Hé in his meahte gelýfeð,

      Seef. 108.

  • Þú in écne God getreówdes,

      Jul. 434: Gú. 617. (1 a)
    ) Hæfde hé geleáfan in líffruman, Dan. 643. (1 b) where a verbal noun with another verb is equivalent to a simple verb in
Show examples

  • Gúðlác sette hyht in heofonas,

      Gú. 406.

  • Ic in mínne fæder hyht staðelie,

      Jul. 436.
of adjective to some department to which its qualification is limited. Cf. A. IV. 2
Show examples

  • Sum bið á wið firenum in gefeoht gearo,

      Crä. 90.
temporal.
within the limits of a space of time
Show examples

  • Gif mon in Lencten hálig ryht álecge,

      Ll. Th. i. 88, 13. (1 a) with other sbs. implying time :-- Hé in þá
    ǽrestan ældu gelufade frécnessa fela, Gú. 80. (1 b) with processes occupying time :-- Gif mon his heówum in fæsten flǽsc gefe, Ll. Th. i. 40, 9.

  • Gif þisses hwæt gelimpe in Lenctenfæsten,

      88, 12.

  • Þám bið Dryhten scyld in síða gehwane,

      Ph. 464.
of a limit of time, before or
at the expiration of, within the space of
Show examples

  • Þæt þus his unrím in wintra worn wurðan sceolde,

      Dan. 325.
  • Duruþegnum wearð in áne tíd hildbedd styred. An. 1093.
where other preps, or none are now more usual,
at
Show examples

  • On þǽre þeóde wæs in þá tíd Sǽbyrht cyning

    in qua gente tunc temporis Saberct regnabat,

      Bd. 2, 3; Sch. 123, 3.

  • In ǽlce tíd,

      Cri. 406.

  • In þá æþelan tíd (

    at Christ's birth

    ), 455:
      Ph. 509: 517: An. 912.

  • In swá hwylce tíd swá gé tó mé hweorfað,

      Reb. 5.
on
Show examples

  • Eánfléd wæs gefulwad in þone hálgan ǽfen Pentecosten,

      Chr. 626; P. 24, 8.
during
Show examples

  • In þá slíðnan tíd,

      Mod. 52: Gú. 1058.

  • Lǽran þæt hié sylfra betweónum freóndrǽdenne gelǽston in hira lífes tíd,

      El. 1209.
without prep.
Show examples

  • In ealle tíd

    all the time,

      Ph. 77: Edw. 32.
Similar entries
v. on-in, þǽr-in.
Entry information
Citation

Bosworth, Joseph. “in.” In An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online, edited by Thomas Northcote Toller, Christ Sean, and Ondřej Tichy. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2014. https://bosworthtoller.com/53864.

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Full form

Word-wheel

  • in, prep.

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