Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

sunn-sceadu

(n.)
Grammar
sunn-sceadu, we or e; f.
Entry preview:

A sun-shade, veil, covering to keep off the sun Sunsceadu flammeolum (flameolum curchyfe, Wrt. Voc. i. 238, col. 2), Wrt. Voc. ii. 149, 6

nearu

(n.)
Grammar
nearu, we; nearu (o); indecl. f.

confinement ⬩ durance ⬩ prison ⬩ a strait ⬩ difficulty

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confinement, durance, prison Hwonne hié of nearwe stæppan mósten, of enge út ǽhta lǽdan ( when they might come out of the ark ), Cd. Th. 86; Gen. 1433. Hió bebeád ðæt hine man of nearwe and of nýdcleofan, fram ðam engan hofe forléte, Elen. Kmbl. 1418

sol

(n.; adj.)
Grammar
sol, eses; n.: solu, we, e; f.

Mire or a miry place ⬩ filthy ⬩ volutabrum

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Mire or a miry place [Halliwell gives soul, sole = a dirty pond, as a Kentish word] Sol volutabrum Wrt. Voc. i. 37, 22. On grǽgsole burnan; andlang burnan on grǽgsole hagan Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 336, 24. Wið Heortsolwe iii. 391, 32. Of ðam wylle on ðæt

munan

(v.)
Grammar
munan, (a pret. pres. verb); ic, hé man, ðú manst, wé munon; p. munde.

to remember ⬩ be mindful of ⬩ to be careful of ⬩ to consider ⬩ think

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to remember, be mindful of, to be careful of Til mon tiles and tomes meares a good man thinks of, is careful of, a good and quiet horse, Exon. 91 a; Th. 342, 12; Gn. Ex. 142. [Cf. Icel. muna to remember] to consider, think Fédan hig swá swá hig sylfe

Linked entries: a-munan ge-munan

MǼD

(n.)
Grammar
MǼD, e and we; mǽdwe, an; f. also (?) mǽdwa, an; m. A

MEAD ⬩ meadow

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MEAD, meadow Mǽd pratum, Ælfc. Gl. 57; Som. 67, 75; Wrt. Voc. 38, 1 : 96; Som. 76, 45; Wrt. Voc. 53, 52. xii æcras an westhealfe ðære strǽte and án médwa beneoþan ðæm hliþe xii acres on the west side of the road, and one meadow beneath the hill, Cod.

Linked entries: mǽdwa wudu-mǽd

willan

(v.)
Grammar
willan, prs. ic, hé wille, wile, ðú wilt, pl. wé willaþ ; p. wolde, walde ; part. prs. willende

To will, wish ⬩ to will, exercise the faculty of willing ⬩ to will, purpose, think, mean, intend ⬩ to tend ⬩ to will, ordain, order, command ⬩ to will, wish, want, desire ⬩ to will, be willing to do something ⬩ to allow, permit, grant, consent to ⬩ to be disposed, to have such and such a will ⬩ to will, profess, claim ⬩ will, shall, to be about to

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To will, wish Volo ic wylle, uis ðú wylt, uult hé wyle, uolumus wé wyllaþ . . . utinam uellem eálá gyf ic wolde; utinam uelim eálá gyf ic wylle gyt. . . uelle wyllan, Ælfc. Gr. 32; Zup. 199, 14-200, 6. to will, exercise the faculty of willing Ic undergyte

Linked entries: fǽcan walde

mótan

(v.)
Grammar
mótan, ic, hé mót, ðú móst; wé móton; p. móste (

to be allowed ⬩ may ⬩ mote ⬩ to be inferred otherwise ⬩ to be obliged ⬩ must

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from mót-te). to be allowed, may, mote, Grammar mótan, with an infinitive Mót ic drincan licet mihi bibere, ic móste mihi licuit, gif wé móstan si nobis liceret, beón álýfed licere, Ælfc. Gr. 33; Som. 37, 15. Wé móton nobis licet, ðú móstest tibi licuit

basu

(adj.)
Grammar
basu, g. m. n. -wes; f. -re: pl. nom. m. f. n. -we: def. m. se baswa; adj.

Purple ⬩ crimson ⬩ purpureus ⬩ phœ́niceus, ⬩ coccineus

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Purple, crimson; purpureus, phœ́niceus, coccineus Sum brún, sum basu part brown, part purple, Exon. 60a; Th. 218, 17; Ph. 296. Baswe bócstafas crimson characters, Cd. 210; Th. 261, 10; Dan. 724. Basu hǽwen of purple colour or hue, of scarlet or crimson

Linked entries: baso basuian beosu

sculan

(v.)
Grammar
sculan, sceolan; ic, hé sceal, scal, ðú scealt, pl. wé sculon, sceolon; p. sceolde, scolde, scealde, scalde; subj. prs. scyle, scile, sciele, scule.

to owe ⬩ debere ⬩ shall ⬩ must ⬩ ought ⬩ have ⬩ am ⬩ am bound ⬩ shall ⬩ ought as being fit, right, proper ⬩ in accordance with reason ⬩ to do appointed work ⬩ to carry out the terms of an agreement ⬩ where the obligation results from a law, statute, regulation ⬩ shall ⬩ must as being decreed by fate or providence ⬩ to be forced ⬩ must because there is no possible alternative ⬩ because one cannot help one's self ⬩ to be obliged ⬩ must ⬩ shall because from the conditions or nature of a case no alternative is admissible ⬩ because a conclusion is inevitable ⬩ shall ⬩ must ⬩ where an end is to be attained or a task to be completed or a purpose to be served

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to owe; debere Án him sceolde (scalde, Rush.: áhte tó geldanne, Lind.) týn þúsend punda. Se hláford forgeaf him ðone gylt. Se þeówa gemétte hys efenþeówan, se him sceolde (sculde, Rush.) án hund penega, and hé cwæð; 'Ágyf ðæt ðú mé scealt,' Mt. Kmbl.

Linked entries: ge-scola sceal

þurfan

(v.)
Grammar
þurfan, prs. ic, he þearf, ðú þearft, pl. wé þurfon; p. þorfte; subj. prs. is þurfe, þyrfe, pl. þurfen, þyrfen; prs. ptcpl. þurfende, þyrfende

To need ⬩ to be in need ⬩ have need of something ⬩ to need to do something ⬩ to be bound to do something because it is right ⬩ to be obliged ⬩ be compelled by destiny ⬩ to have good cause or reason for doing something ⬩ to be use, to be good for a person to do something ⬩ to owe

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To need. to be in need, have need of something, absolute Gif ðú cláþa þe má on hæfst, þonne ðú þurfe, Bt. 14, 1; Fox 42, 15. Ðú gæderast máre, þonne ðú þurfe (þyrfe, Cott. MS.), 14, 2; Fox 44, 8. Nis hit gód, ðæt hié sién on ðam láðe leng, þonne ðú þurfe

unnan

(v.)
Grammar
unnan, prs. ic, hé an[n], pl. wé unnon; p. úðe.

to grant a person (dat.) something ⬩ to give ⬩ allow ⬩ to wish something (gen.) to a person (dat. ) ⬩ to wish something (gen.) for a person (dat.) ⬩ to like a person to have something ⬩ to like a condition of things ⬩ to be pleased

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to grant a person (dat.) something (gen.), to give, allow Gé gehíraþ hwæs ic Gode ann, L. Ath. i. prm.; Th. i. 194, 14. Ic an Eádwearde ðæs landes, Chart. Th. 487, 18, 32. Ic ðé an tela sincgestreóna, Beo. Th. 2455; B. 1225. Ðæs steápes onféhð ðe hé

Linked entries: an ann

Decem-ber

(n.)
Grammar
Decem-ber, gen. -bris; m. [dĕcem ten: Sansk. vāra: Pers. bār time, space: the tenth month of the Romans, beginning with March, and as we begin with January, it is our twelfth month]

The month of December ⬩ Dĕcember, bris

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The month of December; Dĕcember, bris, m Mónaþ Decembris, ǽrra iúla [geóla] the month of December, the former yule, Menol. Fox 437; Men. 220; January being after yule or Christmas is called Se æftera geóla; the after yule, Cott. Tibĕrius; B. i; Hick.

B

Grammar
B, THE sound of b is produced by the lips; hence it is called a labial consonant, and has the same sound in Anglo-Saxon as in English. In all languages, and especially in the dialects of cognate languages, the letters employing the same organs of utterance are continually interchanged. In Anglo-Saxon, therefore, we find that b interchanges with the other labials, f and
Entry preview:

p Ic hæbbe I have, he hæfþ he hath. When words are transferred into modern English, b is sometimes represented by f or v :-- Beber or befor a beaver; Ober, ofer, over. In comparing the Anglo-Saxon aspirated labial f with the corresponding letter in Old

witan

(v.)
Grammar
witan, prs. ic, hé wát, ðú wást, wǽst, pl. wé witon; p. wiste; pp. witen.

to wit ⬩ know ⬩ have knowledge ⬩ be aware, ⬩ to know ⬩ have knowledge of, ⬩ be aware of ⬩ to be wise ⬩ be in one's senses ⬩ to be conscious of ⬩ to know ⬩ to feel ⬩ shew

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to wit, know, have knowledge, be aware, Grammar witan, absolute Noui ic can oððe ic wát, noui ic wiste, Ælfc. Gr. 33; Zup. 205, 8. Oft wé oferswiðdon swá swá ðú sylf wistest, Homl. Skt. i. 11, 27. Ne meahte hire Iudas, ne ful gere wiste, sweotole gecýðan

Linked entries: weotan wietan

ǽg-

(prefix)
Grammar
ǽg-, either a contraction of the prefixes á, ǽ, with a g added, as ǽg, or derived from aa = á, áwa, ǽw. It is used in compound pronouns and adverbs, as ǽg-hwá, ǽg-hwǽr, ǽg-hwilc, etc; but, in its place, we also find the prefix á as,—á-hwǽr, á-hwilc, etc. Both ǽg- and á- impart to their compounds a sense of universality.

Ever ⬩ always ⬩ semper

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Ever, always; semper:

ge-beorþor

(n.)
Grammar
ge-beorþor, g. -beorþres; n. [ge-, beorþor child-birth]

A birth ⬩ nātus

Entry preview:

A birth; nātus Þurh ða burþran we wǽron gehǽlde, and þurh ðæt gebeorþor we wurdon alýsde through the issue we were saved, and through the birth we were redeemed, Homl. Blickl. 105, 21

burþre

(n.)
Grammar
burþre, an; f.
Entry preview:

A birth, issue; natus, partus Þurh ða burþran we wǽron gehǽlde, and þurh ðæt gebeorþor we wurdon alýsde through the issue we were saved, and through the birth we were redeemed, Homl. Blick. 105, 20

múþ-freó

(adj.)
Grammar
múþ-freó, adj.

At liberty to speak

Entry preview:

At liberty to speak Hwí ne synt wé múþfreó ? hú ne móton wé sprecan ðæt wé willaþ, Ps. Th. 11, 4

gearo-wita

(n.)
Grammar
gearo-wita, an; m.

Intellect ⬩ understanding ⬩ intelligentia ⬩ intellectus

Entry preview:

Intellect, understanding; intelligentia, intellectus Ðeáh we fela smeán, we habbaþ litellne gearowitan búton tweón though we contemplate many things, we have little understanding free from doubt, Bt. 41, 5; Fox 254, 10 : 39, 8; Fox 224, 4

Linked entry: -wita

ge-rádlic

(adj.)
Grammar
ge-rádlic, adj.
Entry preview:

Reasonable, proper, appropriate Nú wé ealles ymbe þás þing geornlíce smeágeað, . . . wel gerádlic hyt eác þingð ús wé her tó gecnytton þá epactas . . Nú hit gerfist wé þissa epacta ápinsiun, Angl. viii. 300, 44. Nú wé sprǽce habbað ymbe þ <b>bissextuni