Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

æ
þ

sculan

  • verb [ preterite-present ]
Dictionary links
Grammar
sculan,  sceolan; ic, hé sceal, scal, ðú scealt, pl. wé sculon, sceolon ; p. sceolde, scolde, scealde, scalde; subj.
Wright's OE grammar
§7; §51; §72; §110; §168; §179; §183; §215; §224; §276; §474; §476; §481; §482; §543;
prs, scyle, scile, sciele, scule.
to owe; debere
Show examples

  • Án him sceolde (scalde,

      Rush. : áhte tó geldanne, Lind. ) týn þúsend punda. Se
    hláford forgeaf him ðone gylt. Se þeówa gemétte hys efenþeówan, se him sceolde (sculde, Rush.) án hund penega, and hé cwæð; 'Ágyf ðæt ðú mé scealt,' Mt. Kmbl. 18, 24. 28.

  • Hú mycel scealt ðú (áht ðú tó geldanne. Lind. ) mínum hláforde? Lk. Skt. 16,

      5, 7.

  • Gif hwá óðrum scyle (scule) borh oððon bóte, gelǽste hit georne,

      L. Eth. v. 20; Th. i. 308, 31. [Cf.
    Uoryef me þet ich þe ssel, Ayenb. 115, 29.

  • By the feith I shal Priam,

      Tr. and Cr. iii. 472.
    ]
denoting obligation or constraint of various kinds, shall, must, ought,
have or am (with infin. ),
am bound, with an infinitive expressed or that may be inferred from a preceding clause.
denoting a duty, moral obligation
Show examples

  • Ðú scealt on ǽghwylce tíd Godes willan wercan,

      Blickl. Homl. 67, 33.

  • Nǽnig mon ne sceal lufian ne ne géman his gesibbes, gif. . . (

    it is a man's duty not to love),

      23, 16.

  • Swá sceal oretta á in his móde Gode compian,

      Exon. Th. 122, 33; Gú. 315.

  • God sceal mon ǽrest hergan,

      333, 15; Gn. Ex. 4.

  • Swá hire eaforan sculon æfter lybban, ðonne hié lád gedóþ, hié sculon lufe wyrcean,

      Cd. Th. 39, 12 ; Gen. 624.

  • Næs fela manna, ðe hogade ymbe ða bóte swá georne, swá man scolde (sceolde,

      MS. B. ), Wulfst. 156, 12.

  • Hé

    (the bishop)

    ne cúðe dón his gerihte swá wel swáhé sceolde.
      Chr. 1047; Erl. 177, 9.

  • Ðá andswarede se cyning ðæt hé ǽgðer ge wolde ge scolde ðam geleáfán onfón

    rex suscipere se fidem et velle et debere respondebat,

      Bd. 2, 13; S. 515, 35.

  • Hwider hyra gehwylc faran scolde,

      Blickl. Homl. 229, 5.

  • Seó lufu ðe wé tó úrum Hǽlende habban sceoldan,

      109, 4.

  • Forðæm ne scyle nán wís man nǽnne mannan hatian,

      Bt. 38, 7; Fox 210, 15.
shall, ought as being fit, right, proper, in accordance with reason
Show examples

  • Ic mid grápe sceal fón wið feónde,

      Beo. Th. 881; B. 438.

  • Hwý sceal ic æfter his hyldo þeówian . . . ic mæg wesan god swá hé,

      Cd. Th. 18, 33; Gen. 282.

  • Se ðe tó reccenddóme cuman sceal

    qui ad regimen venire debeat,

      Past. 11; Swt. 61, 5.

  • Forðan sceal gehycgan hæleða ǽghwylc, ðæt hé ne ábælige bearn Waldendes,

      Cd. Th. 276, 25; Sat. 194.

  • Ðonne gé geseóþ ðære tóworpednysse ásceonunge standan ðǽr heó ne sceal (ríseþ,

      Rush.), Mk. Skt. 13, 14.

  • Be úre ǽ hé sceal (gedaefnaþ, Lind.) sweltan

    debet mori,

      Jn. Skt. 19, 7.

  • Seó cyrice sceal fédan ða ðe æt hire eardiaþ,

      Blickl. Homl. 41, 27: 47, 21.

  • Hwæt sculon wé nú dón tó ðam ðæt wé mǽgon cumon tó ðám sóþum gesǽlþum

    quid nunc faciendum, ut illius summi boni sedem reperire mereamur?

      Bt. 33, 3; Fox 126, 32.

  • Démaþ ús hwylcum deáðe wé sweltan sceulon, for ðam ðe wé ðone Hǽlend tó deáðe gesealden,

      St. And. 36, 16.

  • Oncnáwan hwǽr wé sǽlan sceolon sundhengestas,

      Exon. Th. 54, 3; Cri. 863.

  • Ne sceole gé swá sófte sine gegangan,

      Byrht. Th. 133, 32; By. 59.

  • Ne sceolon unc betweónan teónan weaxan,

      Cd. Th. 114, 10; Gen. 1902.

  • His weorc sceolon beón ðæs weorðe, ðæt him óðre menn onhyrien,

      Past. ll, 1; Swt. 61, 17.

  • Ic worda gespræc má ðonne ic sceolde,

      Andr. Kmbl. 1848; An. 926: Hy. 3, 43.

  • Ðone máððum ðe ðú mid rihte rǽdan sceoldest,

      Beo. Th. 4119; B. 2056.

  • Swylc sceolde secg wesan æt þearfe,

      5410; B. 2708.

  • Gúþbill geswác, swá hit nó sceolde,

      5164; B. 2585.

  • Oft mon forlǽt ðone ege ðe hé mid ryhte on him innan habban scolde,

      Past. 4, 1; Swt. 37, 18.

  • Hé ús lǽrde, hú wé ús gebiddan sceoldan,

      Blickl. Homl. 19, 36.

  • Hí cuǽdon, ðæt hié ðæt tó his honda healdan sceoldon, forðæm hira nán næs on fædrenhealfe tó geboren,

      Chr. 887; Erl. 86, 4.

  • Hú hié libban sceoldon,

      Cd. Th. 52, 30; Gen. 851.

  • Hié níþ áhófon, swá hié nó sceoldon,

      Elen. Kmbl. 1673; El. 838.

  • Gif ic scile

    etsi oportuerit me,

      Mk. Skt. Lind. 14, 31.

  • Hú hé scyle (scile, Cott. MSS.) eall earfoðu forsión

    quod adversa quaeque despicienda sunt,

      Past. 3; Swt. 33, 4.

  • Ne scyle nán mon blǽcern ǽlan under mittan,

      5, l; Swt. 43, 2.

  • Hú gehiérsum ðǽm ðe hé mid ryhte hiéran sciele,

      9; Swt. 56, 14: 10; Swt. 60, 6.
denoting obligation to perform an engagement, to do appointed work, to carry out the terms of an agreement
Show examples

  • Wísdómes beþearf se ðære æðelan sceal andwyrde ágifan

    he will need wisdom to whom the task of giving an answer is assigned,

      Elen. Kmbl. 1085; El. 545.

  • Sume sceolon (

    it will be the task of some

    ) hweorfan geond hæleþa land,
      Cd. Th. 281, ll; Sat. 270.

  • Næs ðæt forma síð ðæt hit (

    the sword

    ) ellenweorc æfnan scolde,
      Beo. Th. 2933; B. 1464.

  • Ðonne scyldfreca ongeán gramum gangan scolde,

      2073; B. 1034.

  • Ðone ende ðe Æðeréd healdan sceolde,

      Chr. 894; Erl. 92, 2.

  • Hí woldon ðisne eard healdan, and hé hí fédan scolde and scrýdan,

      1012; Erl. 147, 10.

  • Bútan ðǽm monnum ðe ða burga healdan scolden,

      Erl. 90, 19.

  • Sceótend swǽfon, ða ðæt hornreced healdan scoldon,

      Beo. Th. 1413; B. 704.

  • His scipu sceoldan cumon ongeán, ac hí ne mihton,

      Chr. 1000; Erl. 137, 3.

  • Gnornian hú oft hé feohtan scule (scyle,

      Cott. MS.), Bt. 40, 3; Fox 238, 10.
denoting bidding, commanding
Show examples

  • 'Hwæt sceal ic singan ?' Cwæð hé: 'Sing mé frumsceaft,' Bd. 4,

      24; S. 597, 16.

  • Hǽlend him cwæð: 'Ðú scealt fylgean mé,' Blickl. Homl. 23, 14: Cd. Th. 139,

      15; Gen. 2310: 172, 29; Gen. 2851.

  • Scealtú mid ǽrdæge ceól gestígan,

      Andr. Kmbl. 439; An. 220.

  • Ic secge ðæt hé sceal wesan Ismahel háten,

      Cd. Th. 138, 2; Gen. 2285.

  • Ne sceolon gé míne ða hálgan hrínan,

      Ps. Th. 104, 13.

  • Ne scule gé hit þurhteón,

      4, 5.

  • Sægþ on ðissum bócum, ðæt Drihten cwǽde, ðæt ðis mennisce cyn ne sceolde ágímeleásian, ðæt hié sealdon heora wæstma fruman for Gode,

      Blickl. Homl. 41, 4: Exon. Th. 15, 9; Cri. 233.

  • Se (

    God

    ) ús ðás láde sceóp, ðæt wé on Egiptum sceolde ús fremu sécan,
      Cd. Th. 110, 23; Gen. 1842.

  • Hé ús gesette ðæt wé hine biddan sceoldan

    he made this ordinance for us, that we should pray to him,

      Blickl. Homl. 21, 3.

  • Ða þing ðe ic eów foresægde, ðæt gé dón sceoldon,

      131, 34.

  • Landfranc bebéad ðan munecan, ðæt hí scoldan hí unscrýdan,

      Chr. 1070; Erl. 208, 8.

  • Hé oncwæð, ðæt hié gyldan sceolde, Cd. Th. 229, 5; Dan. 212. 'On ðæt fýr gé (

    the wicked at the day of judgment

    ) hreósan sceolan.' Ne mágon hí gehýnan heofoncyninges bibod,
      Exon. Th. 93, 11; Cri. 1524.
where the obligation results from a law, statute, regulation
Show examples

  • Se byrdesta sceall gyldan fíftýne mearðes fell,

      Ors. l, l; Swt. 18, 19.

  • Nú sceal beón ǽfre on Ii abbod, and ná biscop, and ðan sculon beón underþeódde ealle Scotta biscopas,

      Chr. 565; Erl. 18, 6.

  • Sceolde sweordes ecg feorh ácsigan,

      Andr. Kmbl. 2266; An. 1134.

  • Se ðe scyle (

    since the regulations of the Penitential require it

    ) áne wucan dǽdbóte dón,
      L. Ecg. C. 2; Th. ii. 134, 13.
denoting the necessity of fate, of the order of providence,
shall, must as being decreed by fate or providence
Show examples

  • Ðú scealt greót etan ðíne lífdagas,

      Cd. Th. 56, 9; Gen. 909.

  • Ðú eart eorþe, and þú scealt eft tó eorþan weorðan,

      Blickl. Homl. 123, 9.

  • Gyt scyl (sceal,

      MS. A.)
    beón gefylled ðæt be mé áwriten is, Lk. 22, 37.

  • Sceal hine wulf etan

    his fate will be to be eaten by a wolf (cf. swá missenlíce Dryhten eallum dǽleþ, 331, 6; Vy. 64), Exon. Th. 328, 5; Vy. 12 (and often )

    . Mon sceal on eorþan geong ealdian,
      333, 21; Gn. Ex. 7.

  • Gǽþ á wyrd swá hió scel,

      Beo. Th. 915; B. 455.

  • Hié (

    the Jews

    ) God sylfne áhéngon; ðæs hié sculon wergðu dreógan,
      Elen. Kmbl. 420; El. 210: Exon. Th. 455, 28; Hy. 4, 56.

  • Hí ðǽr geférdon máran hearm ðonne hí ǽfre wéndon ðæt him ǽnig burhwaru gedón sceolde

    more than they ever expected it would be the fate of any citizens to do them,

      Chr. 994; Erl. 132. 22.

  • Ðá hé from sceolde niþþum hweorfan,

      Cd. Th. 74, 15; Gen. 1222.

  • Nǽnig heora þohte ðæt hé ðanon scolde eft gesécean folc

    every one of them thought himself fated not to visit his people again,

      Beo. Th. 1387; B. 691.

  • Ðonne ðú forþ scyle metodsceaft seón,

      2363; B. 1179: Cd. Th. 63, 27; Gen. 1038.

  • Se dæg ðe hé sceole wið ðæm líchomon hine gedǽlon,

      Blickl. Homl. 97, 20.

  • Hwæðer ðis þúsend sceole beón scyrtre þe lengre,

      119, 6.

  • Scile,

      Beo. Th. 6335; B. 3177.

  • Ðeáh gé wénen ðæt gé lange libban scylan,

      Bt. 19; Fox 70, 15.

  • Nele se Waldend ðæt forweorðan scylen sáula ússe

    it is not God's will, that our souls be destined to destruction (but

    cf. hé nyle ðæt ða sáula forweorðan,
      Bt. 34, 8; Fox 144, 37), Met. 21, 34.
to be forced, must because there is no possible alternative, because one cannot help one's self
Show examples

  • Nú sceal ic (

    Hagar

    ) on wéstenne witodes bídan,
      Cd. Th. 137, 16; Gen. 2274.

  • Ic (

    Satan

    ) sceal bídan in bendum,
      268, 1; Sat. 48.

  • Ic teáras sceal geótan,

      Exon. Th. 11, 18; Cri. 172.

  • Ne sceal ic míne onsýn fore eówere mengu míþan,

      144, 16; Gú. 679.

  • Ðú scealt furþor síþfæt secgan,

      261, 18; Jul. 317.

  • Blind sceal his eágna þolian,

      335, 27; Gn. Ex. 39.

  • On ðǽm gesuincum hé sceal hine selfne geþencean ðeáh hé nylle

    in adversis ad sui memoriam nolens etiam coactusque revocatur,

      Past. 3, 1; Swt. 35, 7.

  • Sculon hié ðás helle sécan,

      Cd. Th. 26, 14; Gen. 406.

  • Ðú neorxna wonges wlite nýde sceoldes ágiefan,

      Exon. Th. 86, 11; Cri. 1406.

  • Ordfruma earmre láfe ðære ðé ðǽm hǽðenan hýran sceolde,

      Cd. Th. 225, 13; Dan. 153.

  • Scolde,

      Beo. Th. 20; B. 10: 1935; B. 965.

  • Hyne Hetware gehnǽgdon mid ofermægene, ðæt se byrnwíga búgan sceolde,

      5829; B. 2918.

  • Sceoldon wræcmæcgas ofgiefan gréne beorgas,

      Exon. Th. 116, 5; Gú. 202.

  • Ðonne hí siófian scioldon

    when they could not help sighing,

      Met. 26, 82.

  • Ðý læs ic scyle leng þrowian,

      Andr. Kmbl. 154; An. 77.

  • Hé tó foo gif hé niéde sciele

    coactus ad regimen veniat,

      Past. 9; Swt. 59, 9.
to be obliged, must, shall because from the conditions or nature of a case no alternative is admissible, because a conclusion is inevitable
Show examples
  • Gif ðæt wíf nele hider tó lande mid mé, sceal ic lǽdan ðínne sunu eft tó ðam lande ðe ðú of férdest? Gen. 24, 5.

  • Nú ic eówer sceal frumcyn witan, ǽr gé furþur féran,

      Beo. Th. 508; B. 251.

  • Ic forworht hæbbe hyldo ðíne, forðon ic lástas sceal weán on wénum wíde lecgan,

      Cd. Th. 63, 3; Gen. 1026.

  • Ðú meaht be sumum tácnum ongietan, hwæs ðú wénan scealt

    what with certainty you may expect,

      Past. 21, 3; Swt. 157, 20.

  • Se ðe wille Drihtne bringan gecwéme lácfæsten, ðonne sceal hé ðæt mid ælmessan fullian,

      Blickl. Homl. 37, 18.

  • Nú sceal hé sylf faran, ne mæg his ǽrende his boda beódan,

      Cd. Th. 35, 18; Gen. 556.

  • Ðonne hé æt hilde sceall lífes tiligan,

      Salm. Kmbl. 320; Sal. 159.

  • Eart ðú ðe tó cumenne eart, hwæðer ðe wé óðres scylon (sceolon, MS. A.: sculon, MSS. B. C.) onbýdan (

    expectamus

    ),
      Lk. Skt. 7, 19, 20.

  • Sceolon,

      Mt. Kmbl. 11, 3.

  • Forðon wit sculon unc staðolwangas rúmor sécan,

      Cd. Th. 114, 29; Gen. 1911.

  • Ðǽr hig ǽnne sculan eard weardian,

      Ps. Th. 132, l. Sculun, Runic pm. Kmbl. 343, 21; Rún. 21.

  • Ðý sceolon gelýfan eorlas, hwæt mín æðelo sién,

      Andr. Kmbl. 1466; An. 734.

  • Ne sceolon mé þegenas ætwítan

    men shall not reproach me (because there will not be the slightest grounds for reproach ),

      Byrht. Th. 138, 14; By. 220.

  • Wénde ic ðæt ðú ðý wærra weorðan sceolde

    I expected that you must have got more cautious,

      Exon. Th. 268, 1; Jul. 425.

  • Ðá sceolde hé ðǽr bídan ryhtnorþanwindes,

      Ors. 1. 1; Swt. 17, 17.

  • Scolde herebyrne sund cunnian,

      Beo. Th. 2890; B. 1443.

  • Hit ofetes noman ágan sceolde,

      Cd. Th. 44, 35; Gen. 719.

  • Ne meahton leng somed heora begra ðǽr ǽhte habban, ac sceoldon ða rincas ðý sécan ellor éðelseld,

      113, 29; Gen. 1894.

  • Mé þincþ wundor tó hwon ðú sceole for ówiht ðysne man habban ungelǽredne fiscere

    what reason obliges you to hold this man, an ignorant fisherman, as of any account?

      Blickl. Homl. 179, 13.

  • Gif hine mon tó genédan scyle, and hé elles nylle

    if there is no other course open but to compel him,

      L. Alf. pol. l; Th. i. 60, 13.

  • Seó orsorge wyrd simle líhþ, ðæt mon scyle wénan, ðæt heó seó sió sóþe gesǽlþ,

      Bt. 20; Fox 70, 30.
denoting need,
shall, must, where an end is to be attained or a task to be completed or a purpose to be served
Show examples

  • Hwæt sceal ic má secgean fram Sancte Iohanne

    what more need I say of St. John?

      Blickl. Homl. 169. 24.

  • Ðæt scell ǽgleáwra mann ðonne ic mé tælige findan on ferðe

    a more learned man than I reckon myself is necessary to perform the task,

      Andr. Kmbl. 2965; An. 1485.

  • Sculan wé gyt martira gemynd má áreccan, Menol. Fox 136; Men. 68. 'Satan ic ðǽr (

    in hell

    ) sécan wille.' . . . Sceolde hé ða brádan lígas sécan,
      Cd. Th. 47, 20; 763.

  • Nihtweard (

    the fiery pillar

    ) sceolde wícian ofer weredum,
      185, 2; Exod. 116.

  • Tó hwon sceolde ðeós smyrenes ðus beón tó lore gedón

    what end was to be served by thus wasting this ointment?

      Blickl. Homl. 69, 6.

  • Hwý gé ǽfre scylen unrihtfióungum eówer mód dréfan quid tantos juvat excitare motus? Met. 27, l. (10) denoting thecertainty of a future event, that results from a settled purpose or decision :-- lc gefremman sceal eorlíc ellen oððe endedæg mínne gebídan

    I am determined to do or die.

      Beo. Th. 1277; B. 636.

  • Mid earum ne sceal ic (

    it is settled that I shall not)

    gehéran ðære béman stefne,
      Cd. Th. 275, 13 ; Sat. 171.

  • Ðú scealt deáðe sweltan

    thou shalt surely die,

      Gen. 2, 17: Ps. Th. 118, 39.

  • Ðæt ðú sunu Dryhtnes cennan sceolde,

      Exon. Th. 19, 10; Cri. 298.

  • Hé (Christ) wiste, ðæt seó burh

    (Jerusalem)

    sceolde ábrocen weorþan.
      Blickl. Homl. 77, 29.
  • On ðære nihte ðe hý on ðone dæig tógædere fón sceoldan. Chr. 992; Erl. 130, 32.

  • Hæfdon hié on rúne áwriten wera endestæf, hwænne hié tó móse weorðan sceoldon, Andr. Kmbl. 274; An. 137. (10 a) denoting the certainty of a result under proper conditions :-- Ðú him fæste hel sóðan sprǽce, swá ðú mínum scealt feore gebeorgan

    you are then certain to save my life,

      Cd. Th. 110, 113; Gen. 1837.

  • Forðan ðe (

    on account of his previous conduct

    ) hé sceal éce wíte þrowian,
      Homl. Th. i. 66, 14: Blickl. Homl. 41, 32.

  • Hú sceal min cuman gǽst tó geóce? Exon. Th. 124,

      10; Gú. 337.

  • Se hlǽw sceal tó gemyndum mínum leódum heáh hlifian on Hronesnæsse,

      Beo. Th. 5600; B. 2804.

  • Wé cwǽdon ǽr, ðæt se sceolde lytel sáwan, se ðe him ðone wind ondréde,

      Past. 39 ; Swt. 285, 23.

  • Wéndun gé ðæt gé Scyppende sceoldan gelíce wesan,

      Exon. Th. 141, 33; Gú. 636.
  • Ðá héht se cásere gesponnan fiówer wildo hors . . . ðæt ða wildan hors scealden iornan on hearde wegas and him ða limo all tóbrecan. Shrn. 72, 1.

  • Hé fægenaþ ðæs, hú hiene mon sciele (scyle,

      Hatt. MS.) herigean, Past. 8; Swt. 54, 7.

  • Scile (sciele,

      Hatt. MS.), 9; Swt. 54, 19.

  • Hé wéneþ ðæt hé sceole tó heofenum áhafen weorþan,

      Blickl. Homl. 185, 5.

  • Gif wé ǽnige bóte gebídan sculan (scylen, MS. B. ) if improvement in our condition is certainly to take place. Wulfst. 157, 2. (11) denoting probability :-- Neron cwæð to Paule : 'Forhwon ne sprecst ðu, Paulus ?' Dá andswarede him Sanctus Paulus: ' Wénstú ðæt ic sceole sprecan to ðissum treówleásan men' do you think it likely that I shall speak to this false man ? Blickl. Homl. 183, 32. (12) as an auxiliary :-- Ic sceal rǽdan tó merigen lecturus sum cras, ðú scealt rǽdan lecturus es, hí sceolon (sceolan, sculon) rǽdan

    lecturi sunt,

      Ælfc. Gr. 24; Zup. 136, 10-12.

  • Óðer participium is tówerdre tíde se ðe rǽdan sceal lecturus . . . ðæt ðe sceal beón gerǽd

    legendus,

    41 ;
      Zup. 246, 10-15.

  • Se ðe wyle oððe sceal sprecan

    loquuturus,

      Zup. 247, 15, 11: 248, 6.

  • Se ðe sceal beón gecyssed

    osculandus,

      248, 7.

  • Sceal habba ł hæfis

    habebit,

      Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 1, 23.

  • Hæfeþ ł hé scile habba,

      6, 24.

  • Wé stíges ł wé scilon stíge

    ascendimus,

      20, 18.

  • Gé sciolon geseá ł gé geseás

    videbitis,

      13, 14.

  • Ne héras hiá ł ne sciolon gehéra

    non audiunt,

      13, 13.
  • Ðonne ðú ǽfre on moldan man gewurde oððe ǽfre fulwihte onfón sceolde, Soul Kmbl. 172; Seel. 86.

  • On ðæs engles wordum wæs gehýred, ðæt þurh hire beorþor sceolde beón gehǽled eall wífa cynn and wera,

      Blickl. Homl. 5, 23.

  • Ðá bæd Swegen hine ðet hé sceolde faran mid him,

      Chr. 1046; Erl. 174, 12.

  • Wéndon ðæt hig sceoldon máre onfón

    plus essent accepturi,

      Mt. Kmbl. 20, 10.

  • Ða ðonne ðe sió godcundde stefn þreáde and cuæð ðæt hié scolden leásunga wítgian.

    quos divinus sermo falsa videre redarguit,

      Past. 15, 2; Swt. 91, 8.

  • Hyra þeáw wæs ðæt hí ða untruman in lǽdan sceoldan,

      Bd. 4, 24; S. 598, 28.

  • Ðeáh hé micel áge, and him mon erigan scyle ǽghwelce dæg æcera þúsend, Met. 14, 4. (13) denoting an assertion not made by the speaker, when a statement is matter of report [cf.

    Ger. sollen, and the use of should in the following passage :-- There was something said about ane Campbell, that suld hae been concerned in the robbery, and that he suld hae had a warrant frae the Duke of Argyle, Rob Roy 1, 219] :-- Be ðære frécnan coþe; ðe se mon his útgang þurh ðone múþ sceal (is said )

    áspíwan. Hé sceal oft bealcettan,
      Lchdm. ii. 236, 13.

  • Ys sǽd, ðæt Diana ðás wyrta findan scolde, i. 106,

      5, 23. 120, 4.

  • Ðú gehérdest reccan on ealdum leásum spellum, ðætte iob sceolde beón se héhsta god,

      Bt. 35, 4; Fox 162, 6.

  • Ðá sǽdon hí, ðæt ðæs hearperes wíf sceoide ácwelan, and hire sáwle mon sceolde lǽdon tó helle. Ðá sceolde se hearpere weorðan swá sárig. . . Ðá hé ðider com, ða sceolde cuman ðære helle hund ongeán hine . . . se sceolde habban þrió heáfdu,

      35, 6; Fox 168, 3-17: 38, 1, Fox 194, 30-34.

  • Ðeáh hé Cristen beón sceolde

    though he was said to be a Christian,

      Bd. 2, 20; S. 521, 29.

  • Fundon ðá leáse gewitan ðe forlugon Naboð ðæt hé sceolde wyrigan God

    (they brought reports of his blasphemy).

      Homl. Skt. i. 18, 197.

  • Ulf biscop com and forneáh man sceolde tóbrecan his stef

    the report was that they were very near breaking his staff,

      Chr. 1047; Erl. 177, 7.

  • Swá swá manige men sǽdon þe hit geseón sceoldan

    who were said to have seen it,

      1098; Erl. 235, 5 : 1100; Erl. 235, 33.
without an infinite
denoting constraint, necessity, need, fixed purpose
Show examples

  • Ealle wyrd forsweóp míne mágas, ic him æfter sceal

    I must after them,

      Beo. Th. 5625 ; B. 2816.

  • Hé sceal néde tó ðara hláforda dðme ðe hé hine ǽr underþeódde

    non facit, quod optat, ipse dominis pressus iniquis,

      Bt. 37, 1; Fox 186, 28.

  • Sió manbðt ðe ðam hláforde sceal

    the fine that must go to the lord,

      L. In. 76 ; Th. i. 150, 16.

  • Tó myclan bryce sceal micel bót nýde, and tó miclum bryne wæter unlytel,

      Wulfst. 157, 8.

  • Earc sceal ðý máre

    the ark must be the bigger,

      Cd. Th. 79, 19 ; Gen. 1313.

  • Hié tó helle sculon,

      Cd. Th. 45, 26; Gen. 732.

  • Xersis áscade hwæt sceolde æt swá lytlum weorode mára fultum búton ða áne ðe him ǽr ábolgen wæs

    Xerxes demanded what a greater force was needed for in dealing with so small a band, than those only with whom he had before been angry,

      Ors. 2, 5 ; Swt. 80, 16.

  • Eall swá hí sceoldon tó Sandwíc

    as if they had or purposed to go to Sandwich,

      Chr. 1049 ; Erl. 174, 26.

  • Ðæt hé of ðisse worlde sceolde,

      Blickl. Homl. 225, 5.

  • Ðonne seó eorþe him on ufan scealde when the earth came to be put upon them, Shrn. 81, 2, Ǽr hé onweg scyle

    before he die,

      Exon. Th. 310, 14; Scef. 74.
denoting obligation, fitness, propriety, use (cf.
Ger. wozu soll dies ?)
Show examples

  • Ðys sceal on twelftan dæg this is the proper gospel for twelfth-day (cf. ðys godspel gebyraþ, Rubc. 1. 18), Mt. Kmbl. Rubc. 2, 1 (and often). Hwæt scal déswá, láðlíc stríð

    what good will the strife do you ?

      Cd. Th. 41, 28 ; Gen. 663.

  • Rǽd sceal mid snyttro . . . til sceal mid tilum. Exon.

    Th.

      334, 26; Gn. Ex. 22.

  • Wita sceal geþyldig, ne sceal nó tó hátheort,

      290, 15 ; Wand. 65.

  • Hige sceal þe heardra, mód sceal ðe máre, ðe úre mægen lytlaþ,

      Byrht. Th. 140, 62 ; By. 312.

  • Hí gecnáwan ne cunnan ne ða medtrymnesse ne eác ða wyrta ðe ðǽrwið sculon,

    the herbs that are proper for the disease,

      Past. 1. 1; Swt. 25, 22.

  • Óðre wyrtdrencas sculon

    (are proper),

      Lchdm. ii. 208, 3.
  • Ðás wyrte sculon tó lungensealfe, iii. 16, 6.

  • Hwæt sceolon (sculon, MS. H.) hí gesǽde nú wé swerian ne móton

    what good would they (adverbia jurativa) do stated, now we may not swear ?

      Ælfc. Gr. 38 ; Zup. 227, 10.

  • Hé Sáxode ðone cásere hú hé embe hí sceolde

    how he was to deal with them,

      Homl. Skt. i. 5, 370.

  • Ne meahte geþencan hú ymb ðæt sceolde

    what ought to be done about it, how the matter ought to be dealt with,

      Exon. Th. 378, 7; Deor. 12.

  • Hwæt sceoldon (deberent) hig mé búton ic cúþe temian hig

    what good would they (hawks) be to me unless I knew how to tame them ?

      Coll. Monast. Th. 25, 23.

  • Hié be ðæm wiston hwider hié sceoldon

    they knew by that in which direction they had to go,

      Ors. 3, 5 ; Swt. 106, 15.

  • Hié wiston hú hié tó dǽm elpendon sceoldon

    they knew the proper way of attacking the elephants,

      4, 1; Swt. 156, 17.

  • Warnige man ðone stíwerd tó hwylcere stówe ðæt líc sceole,

      Chart. Th. 607, 15.
  • Hwæt sceoldon ðé úre ælmessan? Wulfst. 240, 15. [Goth. [skulan]; prs. skal, pl. skulum; p. skulda: O. Sax. [skulan] ; prs. skal, pl. skulun; p. skolda: O. Frs. skila; prs. skal, skel, skil, pl. skilun; p. skolde: O. H. Ger. scolan; prs. scal, pl. sculumes; p. scolta: Icel. skulu ; prs. skal, pl. skulum; p. skyldi.]
Linked entries
v.  sceal ge-scola.
Entry information
Citation

Bosworth, Joseph. “sculan.” In An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online, edited by Thomas Northcote Toller, Christ Sean, and Ondřej Tichy. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2014. https://bosworthtoller.com/27073.

Checked: 0
Full form

Word-wheel

  • sculan, v.

Copyright

All the data provided here are free for any purpose. If you use the data for academic purposes, we ask that you kindly cite us as your source. In case you need a large portion of the dictionary data or you need it in a specific format, let us know through the contact form, we are happy to do custom database dumps for researchers.

How to cite

You can cite the entries of the online version of the dictionary, or you can cite the scanned pages of the original paper editions.

  • To cite the online version of the dictionary, click the icon right under the entry.
  • To cite the scanned paper version of the dictionary, click the "show/hide this scanned page" link under the entry, check the scan and use the citation information right above it.