Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

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sculan

  • verb [ preterite-present ]
Dictionary links
Grammar
sculan, sceolan; ic, hé sceal, scal, ðú scealt, pl. wé sculon, sceolon; p. sceolde, scolde, scealde, scalde; subj. prs. scyle, scile, sciele, scule.
Wright's OE grammar
§7; §51; §72; §110; §168; §179; §183; §215; §224; §276; §474; §476; §481; §482; §543;
to owe; debere
Show examples

  • Án him sceolde (scalde,

    • Rush.
    : áhte tó geldanne,
    • Lind.
    ) týn þúsend punda. Se hláford forgeaf him ðone gylt. Se þeówa gemétte hys efenþeówan, se him sceolde (sculde,
    • Rush.
    ) án hund penega, and hé cwæð; 'Ágyf ðæt ðú mé scealt,'

    • Mt. Kmbl. 18, 24. 28
      • .

  • Hú mycel scealt ðú (áht ðú tó geldanne. Lind.) mínum hláforde?

    • Lk. Skt. 16, 5, 7
      • .

  • Gif hwá óðrum scyle (scule) borh oððon bóte, gelǽste hit georne,

    • L. Eth. v. 20
      • ;
    • Th. i. 308, 31
      • .
[Cf.
Uoryef me þet ich þe ssel, Ayenb. 115, 29.
By the feith I shal Priam, Tr. and Cr. iii. 472.
]
denoting obligation or constraint of various kinds, shall, must, ought,
have or am (with infin.), am bound, with an infinitive expressed or that may be inferred from a preceding clause.
denoting a duty, moral obligation
Show examples

  • Ðú scealt on ǽghwylce tíd Godes willan wercan,

    • Blickl. Homl. 67, 33
      • .

  • Nǽnig mon ne sceal lufian ne ne géman his gesibbes, gif. . .

    (it is a man's duty not to love),

    • 23, 16
      • .

  • Swá sceal oretta á in his móde Gode compian,

    • Exon. Th. 122, 33
      • ;
    • Gú. 315
      • .

  • God sceal mon ǽrest hergan,

    • 333, 15
      • ;
    • Gn. Ex. 4
      • .

  • Swá hire eaforan sculon æfter lybban, ðonne hié lád gedóþ, hié sculon lufe wyrcean,

    • Cd. Th. 39, 12
      • ;
    • Gen. 624
      • .

  • Næs fela manna, ðe hogade ymbe ða bóte swá georne, swá man scolde (sceolde,

    • MS. B.
    ),

    • Wulfst. 156, 12
      • .

  • Hé (the bishop) ne cúðe dón his gerihte swá wel swáhé sceolde.

    • Chr. 1047
      • ;
    • Erl. 177, 9
      • .

  • Ðá andswarede se cyning ðæt hé ǽgðer ge wolde ge scolde ðam geleáfán onfón

    rex suscipere se fidem et velle et debere respondebat,

    • Bd. 2, 13
      • ;
    • S. 515, 35
      • .

  • Hwider hyra gehwylc faran scolde,

    • Blickl. Homl. 229, 5
      • .

  • Seó lufu ðe wé tó úrum Hǽlende habban sceoldan,

    • 109, 4
      • .

  • Forðæm ne scyle nán wís man nǽnne mannan hatian,

    • Bt. 38, 7
      • ;
    • Fox 210, 15
      • .
shall, ought as being fit, right, proper, in accordance with reason
Show examples

  • Ic mid grápe sceal fón wið feónde,

    • Beo. Th. 881
      • ;
    • B. 438
      • .

  • Hwý sceal ic æfter his hyldo þeówian . . . ic mæg wesan god swá hé,

    • Cd. Th. 18, 33
      • ;
    • Gen. 282
      • .

  • Se ðe tó reccenddóme cuman sceal

    qui ad regimen venire debeat,

    • Past. 11
      • ;
    • Swt. 61, 5
      • .

  • Forðan sceal gehycgan hæleða ǽghwylc, ðæt hé ne ábælige bearn Waldendes,

    • Cd. Th. 276, 25
      • ;
    • Sat. 194
      • .

  • Ðonne gé geseóþ ðære tóworpednysse ásceonunge standan ðǽr heó ne sceal (ríseþ,

    • Rush.
    ),

    • Mk. Skt. 13, 14
      • .

  • Be úre ǽ hé sceal (gedaefnaþ,

    • Lind.
    ) sweltan

    debet mori,

    • Jn. Skt. 19, 7
      • .

  • Seó cyrice sceal fédan ða ðe æt hire eardiaþ,

    • Blickl. Homl. 41, 27
      • :
    • 47, 21
      • .

  • Hwæt sculon wé nú dón tó ðam ðæt wé mǽgon cumon tó ðám sóþum gesǽlþum

    quid nunc faciendum, ut illius summi boni sedem reperire mereamur?

    • Bt. 33, 3
      • ;
    • Fox 126, 32
      • .

  • Démaþ ús hwylcum deáðe wé sweltan sceulon, for ðam ðe wé ðone Hǽlend tó deáðe gesealden,

    • St. And. 36, 16
      • .

  • Oncnáwan hwǽr wé sǽlan sceolon sundhengestas,

    • Exon. Th. 54, 3
      • ;
    • Cri. 863
      • .

  • Ne sceole gé swá sófte sine gegangan,

    • Byrht. Th. 133, 32
      • ;
    • By. 59
      • .

  • Ne sceolon unc betweónan teónan weaxan,

    • Cd. Th. 114, 10
      • ;
    • Gen. 1902
      • .

  • His weorc sceolon beón ðæs weorðe, ðæt him óðre menn onhyrien,

    • Past. ll, 1
      • ;
    • Swt. 61, 17
      • .

  • Ic worda gespræc má ðonne ic sceolde,

    • Andr. Kmbl. 1848
      • ;
    • An. 926
      • :
    • Hy. 3, 43
      • .

  • Ðone máððum ðe ðú mid rihte rǽdan sceoldest,

    • Beo. Th. 4119
      • ;
    • B. 2056
      • .

  • Swylc sceolde secg wesan æt þearfe,

    • 5410
      • ;
    • B. 2708
      • .

  • Gúþbill geswác, swá hit nó sceolde,

    • 5164
      • ;
    • B. 2585
      • .

  • Oft mon forlǽt ðone ege ðe hé mid ryhte on him innan habban scolde,

    • Past. 4, 1
      • ;
    • Swt. 37, 18
      • .

  • Hé ús lǽrde, hú wé ús gebiddan sceoldan,

    • Blickl. Homl. 19, 36
      • .

  • Hí cuǽdon, ðæt hié ðæt tó his honda healdan sceoldon, forðæm hira nán næs on fædrenhealfe tó geboren,

    • Chr. 887
      • ;
    • Erl. 86, 4
      • .

  • Hú hié libban sceoldon,

    • Cd. Th. 52, 30
      • ;
    • Gen. 851
      • .

  • Hié níþ áhófon, swá hié nó sceoldon,

    • Elen. Kmbl. 1673
      • ;
    • El. 838
      • .

  • Gif ic scile

    etsi oportuerit me,

    • Mk. Skt. Lind. 14, 31
      • .

  • Hú hé scyle (scile,

    • Cott. MSS.
    ) eall earfoðu forsión

    quod adversa quaeque despicienda sunt,

    • Past. 3
      • ;
    • Swt. 33, 4
      • .

  • Ne scyle nán mon blǽcern ǽlan under mittan,

    • 5, l
      • ;
    • Swt. 43, 2
      • .

  • Hú gehiérsum ðǽm ðe hé mid ryhte hiéran sciele,

    • 9
      • ;
    • Swt. 56, 14
      • :
    • 10
      • ;
    • Swt. 60, 6
      • .
denoting obligation to perform an engagement, to do appointed work, to carry out the terms of an agreement
Show examples

  • Wísdómes beþearf se ðære æðelan sceal andwyrde ágifan

    he will need wisdom to whom the task of giving an answer is assigned,

    • Elen. Kmbl. 1085
      • ;
    • El. 545
      • .

  • Sume sceolon

    (it will be the task of some)

    hweorfan geond hæleþa land,

    • Cd. Th. 281, ll
      • ;
    • Sat. 270
      • .

  • Næs ðæt forma síð ðæt hit (the sword) ellenweorc æfnan scolde,

    • Beo. Th. 2933
      • ;
    • B. 1464
      • .

  • Ðonne scyldfreca ongeán gramum gangan scolde,

    • 2073
      • ;
    • B. 1034
      • .

  • Ðone ende ðe Æðeréd healdan sceolde,

    • Chr. 894
      • ;
    • Erl. 92, 2
      • .

  • Hí woldon ðisne eard healdan, and hé hí fédan scolde and scrýdan,

    • 1012
      • ;
    • Erl. 147, 10
      • .

  • Bútan ðǽm monnum ðe ða burga healdan scolden,

    • Erl. 90, 19
      • .

  • Sceótend swǽfon, ða ðæt hornreced healdan scoldon,

    • Beo. Th. 1413
      • ;
    • B. 704
      • .

  • His scipu sceoldan cumon ongeán, ac hí ne mihton,

    • Chr. 1000
      • ;
    • Erl. 137, 3
      • .

  • Gnornian hú oft hé feohtan scule (scyle,

    • Cott. MS.
    ),

    • Bt. 40, 3
      • ;
    • Fox 238, 10
      • .
denoting bidding, commanding
Show examples

  • 'Hwæt sceal ic singan ?' Cwæð hé: 'Sing mé frumsceaft,'

    • Bd. 4, 24
      • ;
    • S. 597, 16
      • .

  • Hǽlend him cwæð: 'Ðú scealt fylgean mé,'

    • Blickl. Homl. 23, 14
      • :
    • Cd. Th. 139, 15
      • ;
    • Gen. 2310
      • :
    • 172, 29
      • ;
    • Gen. 2851
      • .

  • Scealtú mid ǽrdæge ceól gestígan,

    • Andr. Kmbl. 439
      • ;
    • An. 220
      • .

  • Ic secge ðæt hé sceal wesan Ismahel háten,

    • Cd. Th. 138, 2
      • ;
    • Gen. 2285
      • .

  • Ne sceolon gé míne ða hálgan hrínan,

    • Ps. Th. 104, 13
      • .

  • Ne scule gé hit þurhteón,

    • 4, 5
      • .

  • Sægþ on ðissum bócum, ðæt Drihten cwǽde, ðæt ðis mennisce cyn ne sceolde ágímeleásian, ðæt hié sealdon heora wæstma fruman for Gode,

    • Blickl. Homl. 41, 4
      • :
    • Exon. Th. 15, 9
      • ;
    • Cri. 233
      • .

  • Se (God) ús ðás láde sceóp, ðæt wé on Egiptum sceolde ús fremu sécan,

    • Cd. Th. 110, 23
      • ;
    • Gen. 1842
      • .

  • Hé ús gesette ðæt wé hine biddan sceoldan

    he made this ordinance for us, that we should pray to him,

    • Blickl. Homl. 21, 3
      • .

  • Ða þing ðe ic eów foresægde, ðæt gé dón sceoldon,

    • 131, 34
      • .

  • Landfranc bebéad ðan munecan, ðæt hí scoldan hí unscrýdan,

    • Chr. 1070
      • ;
    • Erl. 208, 8
      • .

  • Hé oncwæð, ðæt hié gyldan sceolde,

    • Cd. Th. 229, 5
      • ;
    • Dan. 212
      • .

  • 'On ðæt fýr gé (the wicked at the day of judgment) hreósan sceolan.' Ne mágon hí gehýnan heofoncyninges bibod,

    • Exon. Th. 93, 11
      • ;
    • Cri. 1524
      • .
where the obligation results from a law, statute, regulation
Show examples

  • Se byrdesta sceall gyldan fíftýne mearðes fell,

    • Ors. l, l
      • ;
    • Swt. 18, 19
      • .

  • Nú sceal beón ǽfre on Ii abbod, and ná biscop, and ðan sculon beón underþeódde ealle Scotta biscopas,

    • Chr. 565
      • ;
    • Erl. 18, 6
      • .

  • Sceolde sweordes ecg feorh ácsigan,

    • Andr. Kmbl. 2266
      • ;
    • An. 1134
      • .

  • Se ðe scyle (since the regulations of the Penitential require it) áne wucan dǽdbóte dón,

    • L. Ecg. C. 2
      • ;
    • Th. ii. 134, 13
      • .
denoting the necessity of fate, of the order of providence, shall, must as being decreed by fate or providence
Show examples

  • Ðú scealt greót etan ðíne lífdagas,

    • Cd. Th. 56, 9
      • ;
    • Gen. 909
      • .

  • Ðú eart eorþe, and þú scealt eft tó eorþan weorðan,

    • Blickl. Homl. 123, 9
      • .

  • Gyt scyl (sceal,

    • MS. A.
    ) beón gefylled ðæt be mé áwriten is,

    • Lk. 22, 37
      • .

  • Sceal hine wulf etan

    his fate will be to be eaten by a wolf

    (cf. swá missenlíce Dryhten eallum dǽleþ,
    • 331, 6
      • ;
    • Vy. 64
    ),
    • Exon. Th. 328, 5
      • ;
    • Vy. 12
      • (and often)
    .

  • Mon sceal on eorþan geong ealdian,

    • 333, 21
      • ;
    • Gn. Ex. 7
      • .

  • Gǽþ á wyrd swá hió scel,

    • Beo. Th. 915
      • ;
    • B. 455
      • .

  • Hié (the Jews) God sylfne áhéngon; ðæs hié sculon wergðu dreógan,

    • Elen. Kmbl. 420
      • ;
    • El. 210
      • :
    • Exon. Th. 455, 28
      • ;
    • Hy. 4, 56
      • .

  • Hí ðǽr geférdon máran hearm ðonne hí ǽfre wéndon ðæt him ǽnig burhwaru gedón sceolde

    more than they ever expected it would be the fate of any citizens to do them,

    • Chr. 994
      • ;
    • Erl. 132. 22
      • .

  • Ðá hé from sceolde niþþum hweorfan,

    • Cd. Th. 74, 15
      • ;
    • Gen. 1222
      • .

  • Nǽnig heora þohte ðæt hé ðanon scolde eft gesécean folc

    every one of them thought himself fated not to visit his people again,

    • Beo. Th. 1387
      • ;
    • B. 691
      • .

  • Ðonne ðú forþ scyle metodsceaft seón,

    • 2363
      • ;
    • B. 1179
      • :
    • Cd. Th. 63, 27
      • ;
    • Gen. 1038
      • .

  • Se dæg ðe hé sceole wið ðæm líchomon hine gedǽlon,

    • Blickl. Homl. 97, 20
      • .

  • Hwæðer ðis þúsend sceole beón scyrtre þe lengre,

    • 119, 6
      • .

  • Scile,

    • Beo. Th. 6335
      • ;
    • B. 3177
      • .

  • Ðeáh gé wénen ðæt gé lange libban scylan,

    • Bt. 19
      • ;
    • Fox 70, 15
      • .

  • Nele se Waldend ðæt forweorðan scylen sáula ússe

    it is not God's will, that our souls be destined to destruction

    (but cf. hé nyle ðæt ða sáula forweorðan, Bt. 34, 8; Fox 144, 37),
    • Met. 21, 34
      • .
to be forced, must because there is no possible alternative, because one cannot help one's self
Show examples

  • Nú sceal ic (Hagar) on wéstenne witodes bídan,

    • Cd. Th. 137, 16
      • ;
    • Gen. 2274
      • .

  • Ic (Satan) sceal bídan in bendum,

    • 268, 1
      • ;
    • Sat. 48
      • .

  • Ic teáras sceal geótan,

    • Exon. Th. 11, 18
      • ;
    • Cri. 172
      • .

  • Ne sceal ic míne onsýn fore eówere mengu míþan,

    • 144, 16
      • ;
    • Gú. 679
      • .

  • Ðú scealt furþor síþfæt secgan,

    • 261, 18
      • ;
    • Jul. 317
      • .

  • Blind sceal his eágna þolian,

    • 335, 27
      • ;
    • Gn. Ex. 39
      • .

  • On ðǽm gesuincum hé sceal hine selfne geþencean ðeáh hé nylle

    in adversis ad sui memoriam nolens etiam coactusque revocatur,

    • Past. 3, 1
      • ;
    • Swt. 35, 7
      • .

  • Sculon hié ðás helle sécan,

    • Cd. Th. 26, 14
      • ;
    • Gen. 406
      • .

  • Ðú neorxna wonges wlite nýde sceoldes ágiefan,

    • Exon. Th. 86, 11
      • ;
    • Cri. 1406
      • .

  • Ordfruma earmre láfe ðære ðé ðǽm hǽðenan hýran sceolde,

    • Cd. Th. 225, 13
      • ;
    • Dan. 153
      • .

  • Scolde,

    • Beo. Th. 20
      • ;
    • B. 10
      • :
    • 1935
      • ;
    • B. 965
      • .

  • Hyne Hetware gehnǽgdon mid ofermægene, ðæt se byrnwíga búgan sceolde,

    • 5829
      • ;
    • B. 2918
      • .

  • Sceoldon wræcmæcgas ofgiefan gréne beorgas,

    • Exon. Th. 116, 5
      • ;
    • Gú. 202
      • .

  • Ðonne hí siófian scioldon

    when they could not help sighing,

    • Met. 26, 82
      • .

  • Ðý læs ic scyle leng þrowian,

    • Andr. Kmbl. 154
      • ;
    • An. 77
      • .

  • Hé tó foo gif hé niéde sciele

    coactus ad regimen veniat,

    • Past. 9
      • ;
    • Swt. 59, 9
      • .
to be obliged, must, shall because from the conditions or nature of a case no alternative is admissible, because a conclusion is inevitable
Show examples

  • Gif ðæt wíf nele hider tó lande mid mé, sceal ic lǽdan ðínne sunu eft tó ðam lande ðe ðú of férdest?

    • Gen. 24, 5
      • .

  • Nú ic eówer sceal frumcyn witan, ǽr gé furþur féran,

    • Beo. Th. 508
      • ;
    • B. 251
      • .

  • Ic forworht hæbbe hyldo ðíne, forðon ic lástas sceal weán on wénum wíde lecgan,

    • Cd. Th. 63, 3
      • ;
    • Gen. 1026
      • .

  • Ðú meaht be sumum tácnum ongietan, hwæs ðú wénan scealt

    what with certainty you may expect,

    • Past. 21, 3
      • ;
    • Swt. 157, 20
      • .

  • Se ðe wille Drihtne bringan gecwéme lácfæsten, ðonne sceal hé ðæt mid ælmessan fullian,

    • Blickl. Homl. 37, 18
      • .

  • Nú sceal hé sylf faran, ne mæg his ǽrende his boda beódan,

    • Cd. Th. 35, 18
      • ;
    • Gen. 556
      • .

  • Ðonne hé æt hilde sceall lífes tiligan,

    • Salm. Kmbl. 320
      • ;
    • Sal. 159
      • .

  • Eart ðú ðe tó cumenne eart, hwæðer ðe wé óðres scylon (sceolon,

    • MS. A.
    : sculon,
    • MSS. B. C.
    ) onbýdan

    (expectamus),

    • Lk. Skt. 7, 19, 20
      • .

  • Sceolon,

    • Mt. Kmbl. 11, 3
      • .

  • Forðon wit sculon unc staðolwangas rúmor sécan,

    • Cd. Th. 114, 29
      • ;
    • Gen. 1911
      • .

  • Ðǽr hig ǽnne sculan eard weardian,

    • Ps. Th. 132, l
      • .

  • Sculun,

    • Runic pm. Kmbl. 343, 21
      • ;
    • Rún. 21
      • .

  • Ðý sceolon gelýfan eorlas, hwæt mín æðelo sién,

    • Andr. Kmbl. 1466
      • ;
    • An. 734
      • .

  • Ne sceolon mé þegenas ætwítan

    men shall not reproach me (because there will not be the slightest grounds for reproach),

    • Byrht. Th. 138, 14
      • ;
    • By. 220
      • .

  • Wénde ic ðæt ðú ðý wærra weorðan sceolde

    I expected that you must have got more cautious,

    • Exon. Th. 268, 1
      • ;
    • Jul. 425
      • .

  • Ðá sceolde hé ðǽr bídan ryhtnorþanwindes,

    • Ors. 1. 1
      • ;
    • Swt. 17, 17
      • .

  • Scolde herebyrne sund cunnian,

    • Beo. Th. 2890
      • ;
    • B. 1443
      • .

  • Hit ofetes noman ágan sceolde,

    • Cd. Th. 44, 35
      • ;
    • Gen. 719
      • .

  • Ne meahton leng somed heora begra ðǽr ǽhte habban, ac sceoldon ða rincas ðý sécan ellor éðelseld,

    • 113, 29
      • ;
    • Gen. 1894
      • .

  • Mé þincþ wundor tó hwon ðú sceole for ówiht ðysne man habban ungelǽredne fiscere

    what reason obliges you to hold this man, an ignorant fisherman, as of any account?

    • Blickl. Homl. 179, 13
      • .

  • Gif hine mon tó genédan scyle, and hé elles nylle

    if there is no other course open but to compel him,

    • L. Alf. pol. l
      • ;
    • Th. i. 60, 13
      • .

  • Seó orsorge wyrd simle líhþ, ðæt mon scyle wénan, ðæt heó seó sió sóþe gesǽlþ,

    • Bt. 20
      • ;
    • Fox 70, 30
      • .
denoting need, shall, must, where an end is to be attained or a task to be completed or a purpose to be served
Show examples

  • Hwæt sceal ic má secgean fram Sancte Iohanne

    what more need I say of St. John?

    • Blickl. Homl. 169. 24
      • .

  • Ðæt scell ǽgleáwra mann ðonne ic mé tælige findan on ferðe

    a more learned man than I reckon myself is necessary to perform the task,

    • Andr. Kmbl. 2965
      • ;
    • An. 1485
      • .

  • Sculan wé gyt martira gemynd má áreccan,

    • Menol. Fox 136
      • ;
    • Men. 68
      • .

  • 'Satan ic ðǽr (in hell) sécan wille.' . . . Sceolde hé ða brádan lígas sécan,

    • Cd. Th. 47, 20
      • ;
    • 763
      • .

  • Nihtweard (the fiery pillar) sceolde wícian ofer weredum,

    • 185, 2
      • ;
    • Exod. 116
      • .

  • Tó hwon sceolde ðeós smyrenes ðus beón tó lore gedón

    what end was to be served by thus wasting this ointment?

    • Blickl. Homl. 69, 6
      • .

  • Hwý gé ǽfre scylen unrihtfióungum eówer mód dréfan

    quid tantos juvat excitare motus?

    • Met. 27, l
      • .
denoting the certainty of a future event, that results from a settled purpose or decision
Show examples

  • lc gefremman sceal eorlíc ellen oððe endedæg mínne gebídan

    I am determined to do or die.

    • Beo. Th. 1277
      • ;
    • B. 636
      • .

  • Mid earum ne sceal ic (it is settled that I shall not) gehéran ðære béman stefne,

    • Cd. Th. 275, 13
      • ;
    • Sat. 171
      • .

  • Ðú scealt deáðe sweltan

    thou shalt surely die,

    • Gen. 2, 17
      • :
    • Ps. Th. 118, 39
      • .

  • Ðæt ðú sunu Dryhtnes cennan sceolde,

    • Exon. Th. 19, 10
      • ;
    • Cri. 298
      • .

  • Hé (Christ) wiste, ðæt seó burh (Jerusalem) sceolde ábrocen weorþan.

    • Blickl. Homl. 77, 29
      • .

  • On ðære nihte ðe hý on ðone dæig tógædere fón sceoldan.

    • Chr. 992
      • ;
    • Erl. 130, 32
      • .

  • Hæfdon hié on rúne áwriten wera endestæf, hwænne hié tó móse weorðan sceoldon,

    • Andr. Kmbl. 274
      • ;
    • An. 137
      • .
denoting the certainty of a result under proper conditions
Show examples

  • Ðú him fæste hel sóðan sprǽce, swá ðú mínum scealt feore gebeorgan

    you are then certain to save my life,

    • Cd. Th. 110, 113
      • ;
    • Gen. 1837
      • .

  • Forðan ðe (on account of his previous conduct) hé sceal éce wíte þrowian,

    • Homl. Th. i. 66, 14
      • :
    • Blickl. Homl. 41, 32
      • .

  • Hú sceal min cuman gǽst tó geóce?

    • Exon. Th. 124, 10
      • ;
    • Gú. 337
      • .

  • Se hlǽw sceal tó gemyndum mínum leódum heáh hlifian on Hronesnæsse,

    • Beo. Th. 5600
      • ;
    • B. 2804
      • .

  • Wé cwǽdon ǽr, ðæt se sceolde lytel sáwan, se ðe him ðone wind ondréde,

    • Past. 39
      • ;
    • Swt. 285, 23
      • .

  • Wéndun gé ðæt gé Scyppende sceoldan gelíce wesan,

    • Exon. Th. 141, 33
      • ;
    • Gú. 636
      • .

  • Ðá héht se cásere gesponnan fiówer wildo hors . . . ðæt ða wildan hors scealden iornan on hearde wegas and him ða limo all tóbrecan.

    • Shrn. 72, 1
      • .

  • Hé fægenaþ ðæs, hú hiene mon sciele (scyle,

    • Hatt. MS.
    ) herigean,

    • Past. 8
      • ;
    • Swt. 54, 7
      • .

  • Scile (sciele,

    • Hatt. MS.
    ),

    • 9
      • ;
    • Swt. 54, 19
      • .

  • Hé wéneþ ðæt hé sceole tó heofenum áhafen weorþan,

    • Blickl. Homl. 185, 5
      • .

  • Gif wé ǽnige bóte gebídan sculan (scylen,

    • MS. B.
    )

    if improvement in our condition is certainly to take place.

    • Wulfst. 157, 2
      • .
denoting probability
Show examples

  • Neron cwæð to Paule :'Forhwon ne sprecst ðu, Paulus'. Dá andswarede him Sanctus Paulus: 'Wénstú ðæt ic sceole sprecan to ðissum treówleásan men'

    do you think it likely that I shall speak to this false man ?

    • Blickl. Homl. 183, 32
      • .
as an auxiliary
Show examples

  • Ic sceal rǽdan tó merigen

    lecturus sum cras,

    ðú scealt rǽdan

    lecturus es,

    hí sceolon (sceolan, sculon) rǽdan

    lecturi sunt,

    • Ælfc. Gr. 24
      • ;
    • Zup. 136, 10-12
      • .

  • Óðer participium is tówerdre tíde se ðe rǽdan sceal

    lecturus

    . . . ðæt ðe sceal beón gerǽd

    legendus,

    • 41
      • ;
    • Zup. 246, 10-15
      • .

  • Se ðe wyle oððe sceal sprecan

    loquuturus,

    • Zup. 247, 15, 11
      • :
    • 248, 6
      • .

  • Se ðe sceal beón gecyssed

    osculandus,

    • 248, 7
      • .

  • Sceal habba ł hæfis

    habebit,

    • Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 1, 23
      • .

  • Hæfeþ ł hé scile habba,

    • 6, 24
      • .

  • Wé stíges ł wé scilon stíge

    ascendimus,

    • 20, 18
      • .

  • Gé sciolon geseá ł gé geseás

    videbitis,

    • 13, 14
      • .

  • Ne héras hiá ł ne sciolon gehéra

    non audiunt,

    • 13, 13
      • .

  • Ðonne ðú ǽfre on moldan man gewurde oððe ǽfre fulwihte onfón sceolde,

    • Soul Kmbl. 172
      • ;
    • Seel. 86
      • .

  • On ðæs engles wordum wæs gehýred, ðæt þurh hire beorþor sceolde beón gehǽled eall wífa cynn and wera,

    • Blickl. Homl. 5, 23
      • .

  • Ðá bæd Swegen hine ðet hé sceolde faran mid him,

    • Chr. 1046
      • ;
    • Erl. 174, 12
      • .

  • Wéndon ðæt hig sceoldon máre onfón

    plus essent accepturi,

    • Mt. Kmbl. 20, 10
      • .

  • Ða ðonne ðe sió godcundde stefn þreáde and cuæð ðæt hié scolden leásunga wítgian.

    quos divinus sermo falsa videre redarguit,

    • Past. 15, 2
      • ;
    • Swt. 91, 8
      • .

  • Hyra þeáw wæs ðæt hí ða untruman in lǽdan sceoldan,

    • Bd. 4, 24
      • ;
    • S. 598, 28
      • .

  • Ðeáh hé micel áge, and him mon erigan scyle ǽghwelce dæg æcera þúsend,

    • Met. 14, 4
      • .
denoting an assertion not made by the speaker, when a statement is matter of report
[cf.
Ger. sollen
, and the use of should in the following passage:
There was something said about ane Campbell, that suld hae been concerned in the robbery, and that he suld hae had a warrant frae the Duke of Argyle, Rob Roy 1, 219
]
Show examples

  • Be ðære frécnan coþe; ðe se mon his útgang þurh ðone múþ sceal (is said) áspíwan. Hé sceal oft bealcettan,

    • Lchdm. ii. 236, 13
      • .

  • Ys sǽd, ðæt Diana ðás wyrta findan scolde,

    • i. 106, 5, 23
      • .
    • 120, 4
      • .

  • Ðú gehérdest reccan on ealdum leásum spellum, ðætte iob sceolde beón se héhsta god,

    • Bt. 35, 4
      • ;
    • Fox 162, 6
      • .

  • Ðá sǽdon hí, ðæt ðæs hearperes wíf sceolde ácwelan, and hire sáwle mon sceolde lǽdon tó helle. Ðá sceolde se hearpere weorðan swá sárig. . . Ðá hé ðider com, ða sceolde cuman ðære helle hund ongeán hine . . . se sceolde habban þrió heáfdu,

    • 35, 6
      • ;
    • Fox 168, 3-17
      • :
    • 38, 1
      • ,
    • Fox 194, 30-34
      • .

  • Ðeáh hé Cristen beón sceolde

    though he was said to be a Christian,

    • Bd. 2, 20
      • ;
    • S. 521, 29
      • .

  • Fundon ðá leáse gewitan ðe forlugon Naboð ðæt hé sceolde wyrigan God

    (they brought reports of his blasphemy).

    • Homl. Skt. i. 18, 197
      • .

  • Ulf biscop com and forneáh man sceolde tóbrecan his stef

    the report was that they were very near breaking his staff,

    • Chr. 1047
      • ;
    • Erl. 177, 7
      • .

  • Swá swá manige men sǽdon þe hit geseón sceoldan

    who were said to have seen it,

    • 1098
      • ;
    • Erl. 235, 5
      • :
    • 1100
      • ;
    • Erl. 235, 33
      • .
without an infinite
denoting constraint, necessity, need, fixed purpose
Show examples

  • Ealle wyrd forsweóp míne mágas, ic him æfter sceal

    I must after them,

    • Beo. Th. 5625
      • ;
    • B. 2816
      • .

  • Hé sceal néde tó ðara hláforda dðme ðe hé hine ǽr underþeódde

    non facit, quod optat, ipse dominis pressus iniquis,

    • Bt. 37, 1
      • ;
    • Fox 186, 28
      • .

  • Sió manbðt ðe ðam hláforde sceal

    the fine that must go to the lord,

    • L. In. 76
      • ;
    • Th. i. 150, 16
      • .

  • Tó myclan bryce sceal micel bót nýde, and tó miclum bryne wæter unlytel,

    • Wulfst. 157, 8
      • .

  • Earc sceal ðý máre

    the ark must be the bigger,

    • Cd. Th. 79, 19
      • ;
    • Gen. 1313
      • .

  • Hié tó helle sculon,

    • Cd. Th. 45, 26
      • ;
    • Gen. 732
      • .

  • Xersis áscade hwæt sceolde æt swá lytlum weorode mára fultum búton ða áne ðe him ǽr ábolgen wæs

    Xerxes demanded what a greater force was needed for in dealing with so small a band, than those only with whom he had before been angry,

    • Ors. 2, 5
      • ;
    • Swt. 80, 16
      • .

  • Eall swá hí sceoldon tó Sandwíc

    as if they had or purposed to go to Sandwich,

    • Chr. 1049
      • ;
    • Erl. 174, 26
      • .

  • Ðæt hé of ðisse worlde sceolde,

    • Blickl. Homl. 225, 5
      • .

  • Ðonne seó eorþe him on ufan scealde when the earth came to be put upon them,

    • Shrn. 81, 2
      • ,

  • Ǽr hé onweg scyle

    before he die,

    • Exon. Th. 310, 14
      • ;
    • Scef. 74
      • .
denoting obligation, fitness, propriety, use
(cf.
Ger. wozu soll dies ?
)
Show examples

  • Ðys sceal on twelftan dæg

    this is the proper gospel for twelfth-day

    (cf. ðys godspel gebyraþ,
    • Rubc. 1. 18
    ),
    • Mt. Kmbl. Rubc. 2, 1
      • (and often).

  • Hwæt scal déswá, láðlíc stríð

    what good will the strife do you ?

    • Cd. Th. 41, 28
      • ;
    • Gen. 663
      • .

  • Rǽd sceal mid snyttro . . . til sceal mid tilum.

    • Exon. Th. 334, 26
      • ;
    • Gn. Ex. 22
      • .

  • Wita sceal geþyldig, ne sceal nó tó hátheort,

    • 290, 15
      • ;
    • Wand. 65
      • .

  • Hige sceal þe heardra, mód sceal ðe máre, ðe úre mægen lytlaþ,

    • Byrht. Th. 140, 62
      • ;
    • By. 312
      • .

  • Hí gecnáwan ne cunnan ne ða medtrymnesse ne eác ða wyrta ðe ðǽrwið sculon,

    the herbs that are proper for the disease,

    • Past. 1. 1
      • ;
    • Swt. 25, 22
      • .

  • Óðre wyrtdrencas sculon

    (are proper),

    • Lchdm. ii. 208, 3
      • .

  • Ðás wyrte sculon tó lungensealfe,

    • iii. 16, 6
      • .

  • Hwæt sceolon (sculon,

    • MS. H.
    ) hí gesǽde nú wé swerian ne móton

    what good would they (adverbia jurativa) do stated, now we may not swear?

    • Ælfc. Gr. 38
      • ;
    • Zup. 227, 10
      • .

  • Hé Sáxode ðone cásere hú hé embe hí sceolde

    how he was to deal with them,

    • Homl. Skt. i. 5, 370
      • .

  • Ne meahte geþencan hú ymb ðæt sceolde

    what ought to be done about it, how the matter ought to be dealt with,

    • Exon. Th. 378, 7
      • ;
    • Deor. 12
      • .

  • Hwæt sceoldon (deberent) hig mé búton ic cúþe temian hig

    what good would they (hawks) be to me unless I knew how to tame them?

    • Coll. Monast. Th. 25, 23
      • .

  • Hié be ðæm wiston hwider hié sceoldon

    they knew by that in which direction they had to go,

    • Ors. 3, 5
      • ;
    • Swt. 106, 15
      • .

  • Hié wiston hú hié tó dǽm elpendon sceoldon

    they knew the proper way of attacking the elephants,

    • 4, 1
      • ;
    • Swt. 156, 17
      • .

  • Warnige man ðone stíwerd tó hwylcere stówe ðæt líc sceole,

    • Chart. Th. 607, 15
      • .

  • Hwæt sceoldon ðé úre ælmessan?

    • Wulfst. 240, 15
      • .
Etymology
[
Goth. [skulan]; prs. skal, pl. skulum; p. skulda
:
O. Sax. [skulan]; prs. skal, pl. skulun; p. skolda
:
O. Frs. skila; prs. skal, skel, skil, pl. skilun; p. skolde
:
O. H. Ger. scolan; prs. scal, pl. sculumes; p. scolta
:
Icel. skulu; prs. skal, pl. skulum; p. skyldi.
]
Linked entries
v.  ge-scola sceal.
Entry information
Citation

Bosworth, Joseph. “sculan.” In An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online, edited by Thomas Northcote Toller, Christ Sean, and Ondřej Tichy. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2014. https://bosworthtoller.com/27073.

Checked: 2
Full form

Word-wheel

  • sculan, v.

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