Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

þurfan

(v.)
Grammar
þurfan, prs. ic, he þearf, ðú þearft, pl. wé þurfon; p. þorfte; subj. prs. is þurfe, þyrfe, pl. þurfen, þyrfen; prs. ptcpl. þurfende, þyrfende

To needto be in needhave need of somethingto need to do somethingto be bound to do something because it is rightto be obligedbe compelled by destinyto have good cause or reason for doing somethingto be use, to be good for a person to do somethingto owe

Entry preview:

To need. to be in need, have need of something, absolute Gif ðú cláþa þe má on hæfst, þonne ðú þurfe, Bt. 14, 1; Fox 42, 15. Ðú gæderast máre, þonne ðú þurfe (þyrfe, Cott. MS.), 14, 2; Fox 44, 8. Nis hit gód, ðæt hié sién on ðam láðe leng, þonne ðú þurfe

for-gildan

(v.)
Grammar
for-gildan, -gyldan, -gieldan, -geldan; he -gildeþ, -gilt; p. ic, he -geald, ðú -gulde, pl. -guldon; subj. pres. -gilde, pl. -gilden; p. -gulde, pl. -gulden; pp. -golden

To pay formake goodrepayrequiterecompenserewardreddĕreexsolvĕrecompensāreretrĭbuĕre

Entry preview:

To pay for, make good, repay, requite, recompense, reward; reddĕre, exsolvĕre, compensāre, retrĭbuĕre Him wile éce Ælmihtig forgildan the eternal Almighty will repay them, Exon. 62 b; Th. 230, 17; Ph. 473. He him ðære lisse leán forgildeþ he will pay

Linked entries: for-geldan for-gieldan

ge-ortríwan

(v.)
Grammar
ge-ortríwan, ge-ortreówan; p. de.
Entry preview:

Take here <b>ge-ortréwan</b> in Dict., and add: to despair of. with gen. Cf. <b>I a</b> Ne þú tó wáclíce geortreówe ǽniges gódes spemque fugato nes dolor adsit, Met. 5, 35. with prep. Hé nǽfre ne geortreówe be Godes mildse de

for-helan

(v.)
Grammar
for-helan, he -hilþ; p. -hæl, pl. -hǽlon; subj. p. -hǽle, pl. -hǽlen; pp. -holen

To cover overhideconcealcelāreoccultāreabscondĕre

Entry preview:

To cover over, hide, conceal; celāre, occultāre, abscondĕre Ðe hit forhelan þenceþ who seeks to conceal it, Exon. 91 a; Th. 340, 25; Gn. Ex. 116. Hú mæg ic forhelan Abrahame, ðe ic dón wille num celāre potĕro Abraham, quæ factūrus sum? Gen. 18, 17. Forhele

ymb-hygdig

(adj.)
Grammar
ymb-hygdig, adj.
Entry preview:

feeling anxiety, careful, anxious, solicitous, attentive Ymbhédig sollicitus Wrt. Voc. i. 51, 24. Emhídig ł carful zelotypus Hpt. Gl. 415, 1. Emhídi, 414, 77. Emhédig ł hohful, 459, 71. Hé mid ymbhýdie (behygdige, Bd. M. 264, 31) móde smeáde sollerti

Linked entries: ymb-hédig -hygdig

wracnian

(v.)
Grammar
wracnian, wræcnian; p. ode

To betravel in a foreign countrybe a pilgrimstranger

Entry preview:

To be or travel in a foreign country, be a pilgrim or stranger Ic wræcnige peregrinor, Ælfc. Gr. 25; Zup. 145, 19 note. Ic wracnode mid Labane apad Laban peregrinatus sum, Gen. 32, 4. Ephron, ðǽr wracnode Abraham Hebron, in qua peregrinatus est Abraham

Linked entry: wræcnian

bisceop-hád

Entry preview:

Biscophád pontificium, Rtl. 59, 11: flaminium, An. Ox. 5056. Biscophádes pontificatus, i. episcopatus, 2989. Ꝥ wé þás þing cýðon be þám tíman his bisceophádes, Gr. D. 67, 25. Se abbod þes biscophádes gernde, Chr. 1048; P. 172, 10. Ðá geár gefilled wǽron

wilwan

(v.)
Grammar
wilwan, wilwian, wilian; p. wilwede, wilede.

to rollfig.to joincompoundcompose

Entry preview:

to roll (trans.) Ic áwende oððe wylewige (wylwige, v. l.) uoluo, Ælfc. Gr. 28; Zup. 177, 9. Hé wylede ðone stán fram ðære byrgenne duru, Blickl. Homl. 157, 8. Hé wylode hine sylfne on ðam þornum and netelum, Homl. Th. ii. 156, 28. Hé hét wilian tó ðam

brégan

(v.)
Grammar
brégan, brégean; p. de; pp. ed; v. a. [bróga
fear, terror

fear, terrorTo give fear, frighten, make afraid, terrify, astonishterrere, pavefacere, stupefacere

Entry preview:

To give fear, frighten, make afraid, terrify, astonish; terrere, pavefacere, stupefacere Hí sǽ-ýða swýðe brégaþ the sea-waves greatly frighten them, Runic pm. 21; Kmbl. 343, 24; Hick. Thes. i. 135. Ðeáh hí me swá brégdon, ne dorston hí me gehrínan though

or-mód

(adj.)
Grammar
or-mód, adj.

Without courage, hopeless, despairing

Entry preview:

Without courage, hopeless, despairing Ðis folc is geirged and ormód ongén eów elanguerunt omnes kabitatores terrae, Jos. 2, 9. Se ðe hine forþencþ, se biþ ormód. Bt. 8; Fox 24, 18. Wæs ðá ormód eorl, áre ne wénde, ne on ðam fæstene frófre gemunde, Met

Á

(adv.)
Grammar
Á, aa, aaa; adv.

Alwayseverfor evereversemperunquamusque

Entry preview:

Always, ever, for ever; hence the O. Eng. AYE, ever; semper, unquam, usque Ac á sceal ðæt wiðerwearde gemetgian but ever must the contrary moderate, Bt. 21; Fox 74, 19. Án God á on écnysse one God to all eternity [lit. one God ever, in eternity ], Homl

Linked entry: ÁWA

CYFES

(n.)
Grammar
CYFES, cyfys, cifes, ciefes,e; f: cyfese, an; f.

A concubine, handmaidconcubina, pellex, ancilla

Entry preview:

A concubine, handmaid; concubina, pellex, ancilla Cyfes pellex, Wrt. Voc. 86, 73. Of cifise ex pellĭce, Mone B. 4553. Se ðe hæbbe riht wíf, and eác cifese [MS. A. ceafese; B. cefese] ne dó him nán preóst nán ðara gerihta, ðe man cristenum men dón sceal

lyb-lác

(n.)
Grammar
lyb-lác, es; n. m.

Sorcerywitchcraft

Entry preview:

Sorcery, witchcraft, the art of using drugs or potions for the purpose of poisoning, or for magical purposes Ðis synt ða ídelnyssa ðisse worulde ... lyblác ... scíncræft hæ sunt vanitates hujus mundi ... maleficium ... ars magica [cf. Gal. 5, 20 where

Linked entry: unriht-lyblác

mancus

(n.)
Grammar
mancus, es; m.

A mancusthe eighth of a poundthe sum of thirty pence

Entry preview:

A mancus, the eighth of a pound, the sum of thirty pence Fif penegas gemacigaþ ǽnne scillingc and xxx penega ǽnne mancus (other MSS. manccus, mancs), Ælfc. Gr. 50; Som. 52, 8. In Cnut's laws the heriot of an earl included twá hund mancus goldes (which

ofer-stǽlan

(v.)

to confute, convince, convict

Entry preview:

to confute, convince, convict Ic oferstǽle confuto, Wrt. Voc. i. 34, 15. Oberstaelid confutat, ii. 105, 32. Oferstǽleþ, 15, 31. Ic eom geþafa ðæt ic eom swíðe rihte oferstéled, and ic beó ealne weig micle gefegenra ðonne ðú mé myd þillícum ofærstǽlest

Bægere

(n.)
Grammar
Bægere, Bægware; gen. a; dat. um; pl. m.

The BavariansBavariithe BoiariBajuvarii

Entry preview:

The Bavarians; Bavarii, the Boiari, or Bajuvarii, whose country was called Boiaria, its German name is Baiern, now called the kingdom of Bavaria Mid Bægerum with the Bavarians, Chr. 891; Th. 160, 24. Hí Maroaro habbaþ, be westan him, Þyringas, and Behemas

byrnan

(v.)
Entry preview:

part, byrnende; he byrneþ. v. intrans. To burn, to be on fire; ardere Sín eówer leóhtfatu byrnende sint vestræ lucernæ ardentes, Lk. Bos. 12, 35: Deut. 9, 15. Ðonne byrneþ gramen his cum exarserit ira ejus, Ps. Spl. 2, 13: Bd. 5, 3; S. 616, 36. v. trans

Cwat-brycg

(n.)
Grammar
Cwat-brycg, cwat-bricg,e; f. [Ethelw. Cantbricge: Flor. Quatbrig: Hunt. Quadruge: Matt. West. Quantebridge] Bridgenorth in Shropshire; oppidi nomen in agro Salopiensi
Entry preview:

Hí gedydon æt Cwatbricge be Sæfern they arrived at Bridgenorth on the Severn, Chr. 896; Th. 173, 43, col. 1: col. 2 has Brygce. Æt Cwatbrycge, Th. 174, 1, col. 1, 2. Sǽton hie ðone winter æt Cwatbrycge [Bricge, Th. 174, 10, col. 2; 175, 9, col. 1: Brygcge

fóre-werd

(adj.)
Grammar
fóre-werd, adj.

Forwardforeformerearlyprōnusantĕriorpriorprīmus

Entry preview:

Forward, fore, former, early; prōnus, antĕrior, prior, prīmus On fórewerdne morgen ic drífe sceáp míne to heora lease in prīmo māne mĭno ŏves meas ad pascua, Coll. Monast. Th. 20, 11. Fórewerd swira căpĭtium, Wrt. Voc. 282, 42. Fóreword násu pĭrŭla,

EAHTA

(n.; num.; adj.)
Grammar
EAHTA, ahta, æhta, ehta

eight octo

Entry preview:

eight; octo Eahta dagas dies octo, Lk. Bos. 9, 28. Búton ðám eahta mannum except eight men, Ælfc. T. 6, 26. To eahta geára fyrste for a space of eight years, Jud. 3, 8. Æfter eahta dagum post dies octo, Jn. Bos. 20, 26. He héht eahta mearas on flet teón

Linked entries: æhta ahta ehta