Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

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sulung

(n.)
Grammar
sulung, e; f. A Kentish word for a certain quantity of land, derived, like carrucata, from a name of the plough; from its origin it might mean, so much land as could be cultivated by one plough. From the first two passages given below it would seem that the sulung was equivalent to two hides (manentes), and later a solanda, which is probably the same word, is said 'per se habere duas hidas.' v. Seebohm, Vill. Comm., p. 54. But perhaps it may be inferred that both hide and sulung were considered as on the same footing as regards the plough. Thus to the gebúr with his gyrd landes, i. e. one quarter of a hide, are to be given two oxen, L. R. S. 4; Th. i. 434, 23, while a gift of half a sulung is accompanied by the further gift of four oxen, Chart. Th. 470, 9-14. v. Seebohm, pp. 138-9, and generally. In the Domesday Survey of Kent the assessment was given by solins, and the word remained in use. v. Pegge's Kenticisms, s.v.
Entry preview:

sulling Aliquam terrae partiunculam, hoc est duarum manentium ... ritu Cantiae án sulung dictum, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 249, 19. Terrae particula duarum manentium, id est, án sulung, 250, 8. Yc gean intó Cristes cyrican on Cantwarabyrig ðæs landes æt Holungaburnan

Linked entry: swulung

háwian

(v.)
Grammar
háwian, p. ode; pp. od

To view, look, observe, regard, survey, inspect

Entry preview:

Nán mon ne scyle dón his hond tó ðære sylg and háwian underbæc no man shall put his hand to the plough and look back, Past. 51, 8; Swt. 463, 2

searu

(n.)
Grammar
searu, searo, [w]e; f. : [w]es; n.
Entry preview:

Gl. 510, 21. in a bad sense, craft, artifice, wile, deceit, stratagem, ambush, treachery, plot Searu factio (cf. fácn factiones, 64; bepǽcunga factione, Hpt. Gl. 474, 26), Wrt. Voc. ii. 33, 81. Gleáwnisse and seare (sceare, Wrt. ) astu, Wrt.

Linked entries: searo siru

brecan

(v.)

to shatter ⬩ demolish ⬩ to subdue ⬩ tame ⬩ reflex ⬩ to struggle ⬩ strive

Entry preview:

Mid þǽm palistas hié weallas brǽcon, Ors. 4, 6; S. 174, 9. to break land, plough for the first time Brocen land novalis ager, Wrt. Voc. i. 37, 53. to break a chain Racentan brecan, Bt. 25; F. 88, 13. to violate a law, agreement, &c.

Linked entry: bracan

ge-openian

(v.)
Entry preview:

Hé ꝥ ( a plot ) þé geopenode, Hml. A. 98, 221. Nys nán díhle þing þæt ne wurðe geopenod nihil est occultum quod non scietur, Mt. 10, 26. [Nán þing] oferwrigen ꝥ ne beó geopenad [nihil] opertum quod non reuelabitur, An.

ge-mynd

(n.)
Grammar
ge-mynd, es; n: e; f.

Mind, memory, memorial, memento, remembrance, commemoration ⬩ remembrance

Entry preview:

Tubal Cain ðurh módes gemynd sulh-geweorces fruma wæs Tubal Cain was the originator of plough-work by thought of mind, Cd. 52; Th. 66, 16; Gen. 1085: Exon. 17 b; Th. 41, 33; Cri. 665: Bt. Met. Fox 22, 115; Met. 22, 58.

Linked entries: ge-myndleás ge-mend ge-mind

þeówan

(v.)
Grammar
þeówan, þéwan, þíwan, þýwan, þýgan, þeón, þían, þýn, and þeówian, þíwian, þýwian; pres. ic þý, hé þýþ; p. þeówde, þéwde, þíwde, þýwde, þýgde, þeóde, þýde; ppr. þýwende, þíende; pp. þéd, þýd.
Entry preview:

Ðæs mannes fét and handa man sceal swíþe þýn, 182, 25. to press on, urge on, drive Weard æt steorte wegeþ mec ( a plough ) and þýð, Exon. Th. 403, 10; Rä. 22, 5. Se mec on þýð æftanweardne, 480, 2; Rä. 63, 5.

Linked entries: þéde þeóddon þeón þeów-racu þerende þéwan þían þíwan mid-þeówan þurh-þeówan þýan þýgan þýn þýwan

hycgan

(v.)
Grammar
hycgan, hycgean; p. hogde.

take thought ⬩ be mindful ⬩ think ⬩ consider ⬩ meditate ⬩ to intend ⬩ purpose ⬩ determine ⬩ endeavour ⬩ strive ⬩ to hope

Entry preview:

Ðú wið Criste wunne hogdes wið hálgum thou didst strive with Christ, didst plot against the saints, 71 b; Th. 267, 28; Jul. 422. Hycgaþ his ealle hú gé hí beswícen all think of this, how ye may deceive them, Cd. 22; Th. 28, 8; Gen. 432.

Linked entries: a-hycgan hicgan be-hycgan hogde hogian

FEORH

(n.)
Grammar
FEORH, feorg, fiorh, ferh, fyorh; gen. feores; dat. inst. feore; pl. nom. acc. feorh; gen. feora; dat. inst. feorum; n. m.

life ⬩ soul ⬩ spirit ⬩ vīta ⬩ ănĭma ⬩ a living being ⬩ person ⬩ hŏmo ⬩ persōna

Entry preview:

Ymb cyninges feorh sierwian to plot against the king's life, L. Alf. pol. 4; Th. i. 62, 15. Ðú ðín feorh hafast thou hast thy life, Beo. Th. 3703; B. 1849: Cd. 116; Th. 151, 17; Gen. 2510: Andr.

Linked entries: feorg ferh ferhþ fiorh fyorh

sittan

(v.)
Grammar
sittan, p. sæt, pl. sǽton ; pp. seten.
Entry preview:

Icel. sitja á svikum við einn to plot against one), Ps. Th. 49, 21. Hé him æfter rád óþ ðæt geweorc and ðǽr sæt . xiiii. niht, Chr. 878; Erl. 80, 15.

Linked entries: a-sittan blód-setenn

FRUMA

(n.)
Grammar
FRUMA, an; m. [frum primitive, first] .

a beginning ⬩ commencement ⬩ origin ⬩ princĭpium ⬩ inĭtium ⬩ ŏrīgo ⬩ prīmordium ⬩ exordium ⬩ an originator ⬩ author ⬩ founder ⬩ inventor ⬩ auctor ⬩ inventor ⬩ a chief ⬩ prince ⬩ ruler ⬩ king ⬩ prŏcer ⬩ princeps ⬩ rex

Entry preview:

Tubal Cain sulhgeweorces fruma wæs Tubal Cain was inventor of plough-work, Cd. 52; Th. 66, 20; Gen. 1087. Hie leahtra fruman lárum ne hýrdon they obeyed not the doctrines of the author of crimes, Elen. Kmbl. 1674; El. 839.

gang

going, walking, moving on foot, step. ⬩ the sole of the foot (?) ⬩ the being habitually in a specified condition ⬩ power of walking ⬩ of moving about ⬩ mode of walking, walk, gait ⬩ a walk, journey ⬩ go, time, occasion of going ⬩ a way, road, path, passage ⬩ a track ⬩ course ⬩ a stream ⬩ a narrative ⬩ space traversed ⬩ expanse covered ⬩ an ox-gang, a bovale, the eighth part of the carucate. ⬩ legal process ⬩ legal procedure, process ⬩ a company of people (?), a gang. ⬩ a step, stair ⬩ a privy

Entry preview:

'The carucate being the extent of land ploughed by one plough, with its team of eight oxen, an eighth of this was considered as the share of each ox of the team, N. E. D. Hé sealde án(e) hide búton ánes oxan gang, C. D. B. iii. 370, 5, 7.

ge-gán

Entry preview:

(Cf. v. 78.) to bring about a result by walking Oððe hé gegǽð on þám dæge þæt hé sý wérig or he gets on that day tired with walking, Wlfst. 212, 29. to act upon by going, used of a plough in movement which is thus preparing the land for cultivation

teám

(n.)
Grammar
teám, es; m.

A line; but the word which is used in the related dialects (v. infra) with a physical meaning is used in English figuratively. ⬩ a line of descendants, offspring, progeny, family, children ⬩ bringing forth children, child-bearing ⬩ a line of animals harnessed together, a team

Entry preview:

The old pictures represent the plough as drawn by two pairs of oxen one behind the other. Cf. My plowman ... a teme (teome, MS. C.) shal he haue. Grace gaue Piers a teme, foure gret oxen, Piers P. B. 19, 256. as a legal term, vouching to warranty.

Linked entries: teám-byrst tém wróht-getíme ge-teáma -tíme -tíme

a-bannan

(v.)
Grammar
a-bannan, p. -beónn, pl. -beónnon ; pp. -bannen.

to command ⬩ order ⬩ summon ⬩ mandare ⬩ jubere ⬩ to publish ⬩ proclaim ⬩ to order out ⬩ call forth ⬩ call together ⬩ congregate ⬩ assemble ⬩ edicere ⬩ avocare ⬩ citare

Entry preview:

to command, order, summon; mandare, jubere Abannan to beadwe to summon to battle, Elen. Grm. 34. to publish, proclaim; with út to order out, call forth, call together, congregate, assemble; edicere, avocare, citare Aban ðú ða beornas út of ofne command

a-belgan

(v.)
Grammar
a-belgan, ic -beige, ðú -bilgst, -bilhst, he -bylgþ, -bilhþ, pl. -belgaþ; p. -bealg, -bealh, pl. -bulgon; pp. -bolgen, v. trans. [a, belgan to irritate]

To cause any one to swell with anger ⬩ to anger ⬩ irritate ⬩ vex ⬩ incense ⬩ ira aliquem tumefacere ⬩ irritare ⬩ exasperare ⬩ incendere

Entry preview:

To cause any one to swell with anger, to anger, irritate, vex, incense; ira aliquem tumefacere, irritare, exasperare, incendere Ne sceal ic ðé abelgan I would not anger thee, Salm. Kmbl. 657; Sal. 328. Oft ic wífe abelge oft I irritate a woman. Exon.

Linked entries: a-bæligan a-bealh a-bolgen a-bulgan a-bylgan æ-bilgan æ-bylgan ebylgan

a-bídan

(v.)
Grammar
a-bídan, ic -bíde, ðú -bídest, -bítst, -bíst, he -bídeþ, -bít, pl. -bídaþ; p. -bád, pl. -bidon; pp. -biden; v. intrans.

ABIDE ⬩ remain ⬩ wait ⬩ wait for ⬩ await ⬩ manere ⬩ sustinere ⬩ expectare

Entry preview:

To ABIDE, remain, wait, wait for, await; manere, sustinere, expectare Hý abídan sceolon in sin-nihte they must abide in everlasting night, Exon. 31b; Th. 99, 28; Cri. 1631. Hér sculon abídan bán here the bones shall remain, 99a; Th. 370, 18; Seel. 61

Linked entries: a-bád be-feól ge-íchte

a-biddan

(v.)
Grammar
a-biddan, ic -bidde, ðú -bidest, -bitst, he -bit, -byt, -bitt, pl. -biddaþ; p. -bæd, pl. -bǽdon; pp. -beden

To ask ⬩ pray ⬩ pray to ⬩ pray for ⬩ obtain by asking or praying ⬩ petere ⬩ precari ⬩ postulare ⬩ exorare ⬩ impetrare

Entry preview:

To ask, pray, pray to, pray for, obtain by asking or praying; petere, precari, postulare, exorare, impetrare Wilt tú wit unc abiddan drincan vis petamus bibere ? Bd. 5, 3; S. 616, 30. Abiddaþ [Cott. biddaþ] hine eáþmódlíce pray to him humbly, Bt. 42;

Linked entries: a-bæd a-beden a-bit

a-bítan

(v.)
Grammar
a-bítan, ic -bíte, ðú -bítest, -bítst, he -bíteþ, -bit, pl. -bítaþ; p. -bát, pl. -biton; pp. -biten; v. a.

To bite ⬩ eat ⬩ consume ⬩ devour ⬩ mordere ⬩ arrodere ⬩ mordendo necare ⬩ comedere ⬩ devorare

Entry preview:

To bite, eat, consume, devour; mordere, arrodere, mordendo necare, comedere, devorare Gif hit wíldeór abítaþ, bere forþ ðæt abitene and ne agife si comestum a bestia, deferat ad eum quod occisum est, et non restituet, Ex. 22, 13. He abát his suna he

Linked entry: a-bát

a-breátan

(v.)
Grammar
a-breátan, p. -breót, pl. -breóton

To break ⬩ kill ⬩ frangere ⬩ concidere ⬩ necare

Entry preview:

To break, kill; frangere, concidere, necare Abreót brim-wísan, brýd aheorde slew the sea-leader, set free his bride, Beo. Th. 5852; B. 2930

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