Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

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dulmúnus

(n.)
Grammar
dulmúnus, gen. pl. dulmúna; m. The war-ship of the Greeks, which king Alfred assures us would hold a thousand men; longa nāvis. These ships were the μακρὰ πλοῖα or νῆες μακραί, generally called in Greek ὁ δρόμων, ωνος, m. the light war-vessel of the Greeks. They were the longæ nāves the long war-ships of the Romans, which had often more than fifty rowers. The Romans called their vessel drŏmo, ōnis, defining it as a fast rowing vessel, evidently deriving their word from the Greek δρόμων, Cod. Just. 1, 27, 1, § 8; Cassiod. Var. 5, 17, init. where it is described as 'trĭrēme vehĭcŭlum rēmōrum tantum nŭmĕrum prōdens, sed hŏmĭnum făcies dīlĭgenter abscondens.' Some suppose that Alfred derived his word dulmúnus from the Icel. drómundr, m. which Egilsson, in his Lexĭcon Poëtĭcum, Hafniæ, 8vo. 1860, explains 'nāves grandior, cūjus gĕnĕris tantum extra regiōnes septemtrionāles, ut in mări mediterrāneo, mentio fit,' S.E. i. 582, 3, Orkn. 82, 1, 3. Vigfusson, in his Icelandic-English Dictionary, 4to. Oxford, 1869-1874, in drómundr gives only the Latin and Greek, and O. H. Ger. drahemond as cognates. What Orosius, calls longas nāves, Alfred translates dulmúnus in Anglo-Saxon. As we read in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of A.D. 897; Th. i. 174, 4, Hét Ælfréd cyng timþrian lang-scipu ongén ða æscas king Alfred commanded to build long-ships against-, those ships, v. ÆSC IV.-Alfred, in his translation of Orosius, says
Entry preview:

Ǽr he [Ercol] ongan mid Creáca scypum, ðe mon dulmúnus hǽt, ðe man segþ ðæt in scip mǽge in þúsend manna before he [Hercules] began with Grecian ships, which are called dulmunus, of which it is said that one ship can hold a thousand men, Ors. 1, 10; Bos

LÆS

(adv.)
Grammar
LÆS, adv. also used in conjunctional phrases and as a noun.

Less ⬩ lest

Entry preview:

Cýð ðis folc ðæt hig ne gán ofer ða gemǽro ðé læs hig swelton contestare populum ne forte velit transcendere terminos et pereat, Ex. 19, 21, 24: Ps. Th. 68, 14. Ðé lea ne, Kent. Gl. 161.

Linked entry: læsast

máðum

(n.)
Grammar
máðum, máðm, mádm, máððum, es; m.

A precious or valuable thing ⬩ a treasure ⬩ jewel ⬩ ornament

Entry preview:

On circlícum mádmum ( then follows a list of crucifixes, chalices and other valuables connected with a church ), 429, 11. ] [Se cyng sende his dóhter mid mænigfealdan mádman ofer sǽ, Chr. 1110; Erl. 242, 33. ] Rúmheort beón mearum and máðmum, Exon. 90

Linked entry: máðm

á-firran

(v.)
Entry preview:

. , place whence not given Se deáþ hit áfirreþ (-ferreð, v. l.) . . . hé cymð . . . ꝥ hé ꝥ líf áfyrre (-ferre, v. l. ), Bt. 8 ; F. 26, 4-7. Heó hyt áfyrreð, Lch. i. 280, 2 : 284, 8. Dióblas hé áfirde ( eiciebat ), Mk. L. R. I. 34.

Linked entries: a-feorran á-ferran á-fyrran

récan

(v.)
Grammar
récan, réccan (reccan?); p. róhte
Entry preview:

Se cyng ne róhte ná hú swíðe synlíce ða geréfan hit begeátan, ne hú manige unlaga hí dydon, Chr. 1086; Erl. 220, 12. Hí woldon on elþeódignesse beón, hí ne róhton hwǽr, 891; Erl. 88, 8. Men ne róhton hwæt hý worhtan, Wulfst. 163, 16

sang

(n.)
Grammar
sang, es; m.
Entry preview:

Fugla cynn songe lofiaþ módigne, Exon. Th. 221, 20; Ph. 337. Mǽwes song, 406, 25; Rä. 25, 6. Earn sang áhóf, Elen. Kmbl. 58; El. 39.

Linked entry: song

þeón

(v.)
Grammar
þeón, [from þíhan; and this from an earlier nasal stem, of which traces are preserved in the past forms, where g has replaced h by Verner's law:-Ðunge pollesceret, Wrt. Voc. ii. 66, 40. Fród fæder freóbearn lǽrdewordum wísfæstum, ðæt hé wel þunge, Exon. Th. 300, 9; Fä. 3. See also the passages given under ge-þingan; ofer-þeón; ge-, heáh-, wel-þungen; on-þungan, Exon. Th. 497, 3; Rä. 85, 23 (omitted in its place)]
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Ðæt cynn þeáh, Wulfst. 13, 11. Heó ðurh mægðhád mǽrlíce þeáh, Homl. Skt. i. 2, 3. Cnæplingc weóx ł þéh puer pollesceret, Hpt. Gl. 466, 60. Hyhtful vel ðíendi indolis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 111, 54.

Linked entries: þeóging þigaþ ge-þeón þunge -þungen

þringan

(v.)
Grammar
þringan, p. þrang, pl. þrungon; pp. þrungen.

To press ⬩ crowd ⬩ throng ⬩ to throng ⬩ press round, upon ⬩ crowd together ⬩ to press ⬩ move with violence, eagerness ⬩ hurry ⬩ press on ⬩ press forward ⬩ force a way

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Fugla cynn on healfa gehwone heápum, þringaþ contrahit in coetum sese genus omne volantum, 221, 18; Ph. 336. Gelíc sumum ðara gumena ðe him geornost mid þegnungum þringaþ ymbe útan, Met. 25, 28. Wergendra tó lyt þrong ymbe þeóden, Beo.

eard

Entry preview:

Beó hé útlah, búton him se cyng eard álýfe ( allow him to remain in the country ), 258, 20. Siþþan Engle and Seaxe Brytene sóhtan, eard begeátan, Chr. 937; P. 110, 7. Oð hié him þǽr eard genámon, Ors. 1, 10; S. 44, 27.

ge-cweþan

Entry preview:

Seó gerǽdnis þe Ælfréd cyng and Gúðrum cyng gecuran and gecwǽdon, 166, 7: 314, 4.

Linked entry: ge-cwidrǽden

sendan

(v.)
Grammar
sendan, p. sende ; pp. sended, send
Entry preview:

Th. 103, II. where the object is not expressed, to send a message or a messenger. to or after (tó, æfter) a person or thing, to send f or (æfter) Hér sende se cyng tó ðam here. Chr. 1011; Erl. 144, 20: 1048; Erl. 180, 9.

ge-mána

(n.)
Grammar
ge-mána, an; m. [ge-mǽne communis]
Entry preview:

Ðonne he wæs mid his ágnum cynne ðonne he wæs on ðare ryhtwísera gemánan he was then with his own kin when he was in the company of the righteous, Bt. 5, 1; Fox 10, 12. Engla gemána the society of angels, Exon. 42 a; Th. 142, 10; Gú. 642 : Ps.

Linked entry: ge-mánna

land-ríca

(n.)
Grammar
land-ríca, an; m.

a land-lord

Entry preview:

Gif cyninges þegn oððe ǽnig landríca hit forhæbbe, gilde x. healf-mearc, healf Criste healf cynge, L. N. P. L. 58, 59; Th. ii, 300, 3: 6, 7. Fare ðæs cingcesgeréfa tó, and ðæs bisceopes, and ðæs landrícan [cf. landhláford, 11], L. C.

Linked entry: heáh-landríca

ófost

(n.)
Grammar
ófost, ófest, ófst, e; f.
Entry preview:

Haste, speed Ófost is sélost tó gecýðanne hwanon eówer cyme sý the quicker you make known where you come from the better Beo. Th. 518; B. 256: 6007 ; B. 3007. Ófest, Cd. Th. 196, 18; Exod. 293. Ófst and hradung, R. Ben. 3, 11.

Linked entries: éfest ófest ófst

ge-tenge

(adj.)
Grammar
ge-tenge, adj.
Entry preview:

Bróhþreá Cananéa wearþ cynne getenge hunger se hearda terrible calamity came upon the race of the Canaanites the hard famine, Cd. 86; Th. 108, 31; Gen. 1814: 149; Th. 187, 9; Exod. 148: 206; Th. 255, 25; Dan. 629: 229; Th. 309, 18; Sat. 711

Linked entries: ge-tænge ge-tang

sacerd

(n.)
Grammar
sacerd, es; m.
Entry preview:

Ða sacerdas of Leuies cynne, Deut. 27, 1, 14 : Ps. Th. 77, 64. Moyses and Aaron sóðe sacerdas, 98, 6 : Ands. Kmbl. 1483; An. 743. Ða mæssepreóstas wǽron ðus gehátene ... Ðá ða gemynegodan sacerdos (-as ?) cóman erant presbyteri ...

bróc

Grammar
bróc, l. broc,

affliction ⬩ labour ⬩ misery ⬩ affliction ⬩ trouble ⬩ disease ⬩ hurt

Entry preview:

H. 59, 33. disease, bodily trouble or hurt Ǽlc broc cymð of deófle and nán bót . . . hé sent on unwære menn oððon on heora yrfe sum swíðlic brocc . . . byð þæt brocc líðre, Wlfst. ll, 15-12, 5. Þæt broc þæt hé áræfnode, Gr. D. 22, 5.

Linked entry: bróc

dígolnes

Entry preview:

Hé him cýtan árǽrde on sumere dígelnysse swylce hé ancersetla beón mihte, 31, 1069. Dígelnesse latibulum, i. obscurum, An. Ox. 3318. Deágelnesse abyssum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 9, 29. Of dégolnessum de recessibus, 28, 51. Dígelnessum, An.

feorran

(adv.)
Grammar
feorran, adv.
Entry preview:

., fearra, L. a longe) geseah án fíctreów, 11, 13: Lk. 16, 23. of time. of a distant past Frumsceaft fira feorran reccan to tell the origin of men from the most remote past, B. 91: 2106. of a distant future Hé wolde feorran and lange ǽr cýðan his ðrowunge

langsum

Entry preview:

Add: in reference to time. of a space of time, long Seó eorþe byð mid þám winterlican cyle þurhgán, and byð langsum ǽr ðám ðe heó eft gebeðod sý, Lch. iii. 252, 7. Langsumum fæce prolixa (i. longo) (temporum) intercapedine (i. spatio ), An.

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