Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

æ
þ

stillness

(n.)
Grammar
stillness, e ; f.
Entry preview:

Gif wé ða stilnesse habbaþ, Past. pref. ; Swt. 7, 9. Habbaþ eów stilnysse and sibbe, Homl. Th. i. 592, 6.

snotor

(adj.)
Grammar
snotor, snottor (-er, -ur); adj.

Prudent, wise, sagacious ⬩ prudens

Entry preview:

Hwylc is wísra, wel snotera Ps. Th. 106, 42. Engla werod snotra Hy. 3, 16. Snoterra mon Salm. Kmbl. 502; Sal. 251. Gomol snoterost, fyrngeárum fród Menol. Fox 482; Gn. C. 11. Ðú oferswíþdest ðone snotrestan helwerena cyning Exon.

Linked entry: snytre

lǽl

(n.)
Grammar
lǽl, lél, e; f.

withe ⬩ whip ⬩ switch ⬩ a weal ⬩ stripe ⬩ mark ⬩ bruise ⬩ swelling

Entry preview:

Wð ðæt man lǽla and óðre sár of líchaman gedó in order that weals and other sores may be removed from the body, Herb. 102, 2; Lchdm. i. 216, 21. Wið yfele lǽla oίδήματα, 153, 4; Lchdm. i. 280, 1.

Linked entry: lél

scrýdan

(v.)
Grammar
scrýdan, p. de.
Entry preview:

Ne scríde nán wíf hig mid wǽpmannes reáfe, Deut. 22, 5. to clothe, to furnish with clothes, provide with clothes Hé scrýt mé wel and félt, Coll. Monast. Th. 22, 33. Gif æcyres weód God scrýt, Mt. Kmbl. 6, 30. Scrýtt, Lk. Skt. 12, 28.

Linked entry: -scrid

HWÝ

(con.; pronoun.)
Grammar
HWÝ, hwí; inst.of hwæt.

WHY.

Entry preview:

Ðá áscade hé Æðelm hwý hit him ryht ne þuhte ðæt we him gereaht hæfden then he asked Æthelm why that did not seem right to him which we had arranged for him, Chart. Th. 171, 12.

Linked entries: hwí hwig

lof-sang

(n.)
Grammar
lof-sang, es; m.

hymn ⬩ psalm

Entry preview:

Nú forlǽte wé ðás lofsangas, Homl. Th. ii. 88, 3. Ic sang úhtsang æfter ðá wé sungon dægrédlíce lofsangas cantavi nocturnam, deinde cantavimus matutinales laudes, Coll. Monast. Th. 33, 27; Bd. 4, 7; S. 575, 5

ge-wita

(n.)
Grammar
ge-wita, an; m.

One who is cognisant of anything ⬩ a witness ⬩ an accessory ⬩ testis ⬩ conscius

Entry preview:

We þissa wundra gewitan sindon we are witnesses of these wonders, Exon. 43 b; Th. 147, 10; Gú. 724. Gif heó clǽne sý and ðæs fácnes gewita nǽre if she be innocent and were not an accessory to the crime, L. Ath. v. § 1, 1; Th. i. 228, 17.

CUNNAN

(v.)
Grammar
CUNNAN, ic can, con, ðú canst, const, he can, con, pl. cunnon; p. ic, he cúðe, ðú cúðest, pl. cúðon; subj. cunne, pl. cunnen; p. cúðe, pl. cúðen; pp. [on]-cunnen, cúþ; v. a.

to be or become acquainted with, to know ⬩ noscĕre, scire ⬩ CAN ⬩ scire, posse

Entry preview:

The pp. generally takes the weak form, in Anglo-Saxon as well as in the cognate words; but strong and weak forms are both found, in A. Sax. the strong on-cunnen, and the weak cúþ, and in M. H. Ger. the strong ver-kunnen, and the weak kunt.

Linked entries: can cann cúðe cúðen cúðon con

CARR

(n.)
Grammar
CARR, es; m.
Entry preview:

Scot. cairn: Wel. carn: Corn. carn, m: Ir. carn: Gael, carr, m: Manx carn, m.]

Linked entry: Carrum

for-spillan

(v.)
Grammar
for-spillan, -spyllan; p. de; pp. ed [spillan to spill, spoil, destroy]

To spill ⬩ lose ⬩ waste ⬩ destroy ⬩ disperse ⬩ perdĕre ⬩ disperdĕre ⬩ dissĭpāre

Entry preview:

Alýfþ reste-dagum wel to dónne, hwæðer ðe yfele? sáwla gehǽlan, hwæðer ðe forspillan lĭcet sabbătis benefăcĕre, an măle? anĭmam salvam făcĕre, an perdĕre ? Mk. Bos. 3, 4.

Linked entries: for-swat spilian swítan for-spyllan spillan

ge-wenian

(v.)
Entry preview:

</b> with complementary adjective, to make tame :-- Wudufuglas wel átemede þeáh heora láreówas him biódan þá ilcan mettas ðe hí ǽr tame mid gewenedon (with which they made them tame.

gewrixlian

(v.)
Entry preview:

</b> to give in requital Hé forgeaf éce dreámas, bið him heofonríce ágiefen; swá sceal gewrixled þám þe wel heóldon Meotudes willan, Cri. 1261. to get in requital Ne hé ne giéme hwelce hylde hé mid ðǽre ælmessan gewriexle (-wrixle, v. l.) ne impensae

smítan

(v.)
Grammar
smítan, p. smát, pl. smiton; pp. smiten

to daub, smear, smudge ⬩ to defile, pollute ⬩ to smear, anoint ⬩ to cast ⬩ linere ⬩ strike

Entry preview:

Ðissa (oil, grease, and tar) ealra emfela and ðara dusta ealra emfela, gemeng eal ceald tósomne, ðæt hit fram ðám wósum eal wel smítende [sí] (may be adapted for smearing) smire mid Lchdm. ii. 126, 11. [ Ofersmít mid ele 180, 28.] to defile, pollute

dulmúnus

(n.)
Grammar
dulmúnus, gen. pl. dulmúna; m. The war-ship of the Greeks, which king Alfred assures us would hold a thousand men; longa nāvis. These ships were the μακρὰ πλοῖα or νῆες μακραί, generally called in Greek ὁ δρόμων, ωνος, m. the light war-vessel of the Greeks. They were the longæ nāves the long war-ships of the Romans, which had often more than fifty rowers. The Romans called their vessel drŏmo, ōnis, defining it as a fast rowing vessel, evidently deriving their word from the Greek δρόμων, Cod. Just. 1, 27, 1, § 8; Cassiod. Var. 5, 17, init. where it is described as 'trĭrēme vehĭcŭlum rēmōrum tantum nŭmĕrum prōdens, sed hŏmĭnum făcies dīlĭgenter abscondens.' Some suppose that Alfred derived his word dulmúnus from the Icel. drómundr, m. which Egilsson, in his Lexĭcon Poëtĭcum, Hafniæ, 8vo. 1860, explains 'nāves grandior, cūjus gĕnĕris tantum extra regiōnes septemtrionāles, ut in mări mediterrāneo, mentio fit,' S.E. i. 582, 3, Orkn. 82, 1, 3. Vigfusson, in his Icelandic-English Dictionary, 4to. Oxford, 1869-1874, in drómundr gives only the Latin and Greek, and O. H. Ger. drahemond as cognates. What Orosius, calls longas nāves, Alfred translates dulmúnus in Anglo-Saxon. As we read in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of A.D. 897; Th. i. 174, 4, Hét Ælfréd cyng timþrian lang-scipu ongén ða æscas king Alfred commanded to build long-ships against-, those ships, v. ÆSC IV.-Alfred, in his translation of Orosius, says
Entry preview:

Ǽr he [Ercol] ongan mid Creáca scypum, ðe mon dulmúnus hǽt, ðe man segþ ðæt in scip mǽge in þúsend manna before he [Hercules] began with Grecian ships, which are called dulmunus, of which it is said that one ship can hold a thousand men, Ors. 1, 10; Bos

á-sittan

to sit up ⬩ to remain sitting ⬩ to be aground ⬩ to reduce by siege ⬩ to be apprehensive ⬩ afraid

Entry preview:

A. 107, 171. to be apprehensive, afraid (with gen, or clause) Wé ásittaðꝥ þá bóceras áscunion ꝥ wé þus rúmlíce sprecað, Angl. viii. 332, 34. Wé ne þurfon þanon nénes hearmes ús ásittan, Cht. E. 230, 10

Affrica

(n.)
Grammar
Affrica, indecl: but Lat. Affrica, gen. æ; acc. am; f.

Africa

Entry preview:

Ðære Affrica norþ-west gemǽre the north-west boundary of Africa, id; Bos. 16, 4. Nú wille we ymbe Affrica now will we [speak] about Africa, id; Bos. 24, 26.

Linked entry: Africa

DÆL

(n.)
Grammar
DÆL, gen. dæles; dat. dæle; pl. nom. acc. dalu, dalo; n. A

DALE, den. gulf ⬩ vallis, barathrum

Entry preview:

We synd aworpene on ðás deópan dalo we are cast into these deep dens [hell], Cd. 22; Th. 27, 21; Gen. 421. On ðæt deópe dæl deófol gefeallaþ devils shall fall into the deep gulf, Exon. 30 b; Th. 93, 26; Cri. 1532

eafora

(n.)
Grammar
eafora, eafera, eafra, eofera, afora, afera, afara, an; m.

An offspring, successor, heir, son ⬩ prōles, successor, fīlius

Entry preview:

Ðæt we on Adame and on his eafrum andan gebétan that we repair our wrongs on Adam and his offspring, Cd. 21; Th. 25, 24; Gen. 399

Linked entries: afara afera afora eofera eofora

fergan

(v.)
Grammar
fergan, p. ede; pp. ed.

to carry ⬩ convey ⬩ bear ⬩ portāre ⬩ vehĕre ⬩ ferre ⬩ to go ⬩ īre

Entry preview:

to carry, convey, bear; portāre, vehĕre, ferre We willaþ Hláford fergan to ðære beorhtan byrg we will bear the Lord to the bright city, Exon. 18 a; Th. 32, 26; Cri. 518: 104 b; Th. 397, 1; Rä. 16, 13.

un-fyrn

(adv.)
Grammar
un-fyrn, adv.

not long ago ⬩ before long

Entry preview:

of past time, not long ago Weorþodan wé nú unfyrn for tén nihtum ðone symbeldæg foran tó ðyssum ondweardan dæge not long ago now, ten days from to-day, we celebrated the festival, Blickl.

Linked entry: un-gefyrn

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