Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

dulmúnus

(n.)
Grammar
dulmúnus, gen. pl. dulmúna; m. The war-ship of the Greeks, which king Alfred assures us would hold a thousand men; longa nāvis. These ships were the μακρὰ πλοῖα or νῆες μακραί, generally called in Greek ὁ δρόμων, ωνος, m. the light war-vessel of the Greeks. They were the longæ nāves the long war-ships of the Romans, which had often more than fifty rowers. The Romans called their vessel drŏmo, ōnis, defining it as a fast rowing vessel, evidently deriving their word from the Greek δρόμων, Cod. Just. 1, 27, 1, § 8; Cassiod. Var. 5, 17, init. where it is described as 'trĭrēme vehĭcŭlum rēmōrum tantum nŭmĕrum prōdens, sed hŏmĭnum făcies dīlĭgenter abscondens.' Some suppose that Alfred derived his word dulmúnus from the Icel. drómundr, m. which Egilsson, in his Lexĭcon Poëtĭcum, Hafniæ, 8vo. 1860, explains 'nāves grandior, cūjus gĕnĕris tantum extra regiōnes septemtrionāles, ut in mări mediterrāneo, mentio fit,' S.E. i. 582, 3, Orkn. 82, 1, 3. Vigfusson, in his Icelandic-English Dictionary, 4to. Oxford, 1869-1874, in drómundr gives only the Latin and Greek, and O. H. Ger. drahemond as cognates. What Orosius, calls longas nāves, Alfred translates dulmúnus in Anglo-Saxon. As we read in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of A.D. 897; Th. i. 174, 4, Hét Ælfréd cyng timþrian lang-scipu ongén ða æscas king Alfred commanded to build long-ships against-, those ships, v. ÆSC IV.-Alfred, in his translation of Orosius, says
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Ǽr he [Ercol] ongan mid Creáca scypum, ðe mon dulmúnus hǽt, ðe man segþ ðæt in scip mǽge in þúsend manna before he [Hercules] began with Grecian ships, which are called dulmunus, of which it is said that one ship can hold a thousand men, Ors. 1, 10; Bos

tó-dǽlan

(v.)
Grammar
tó-dǽlan, p. de

To divide, ⬩ separate, ⬩ distribute ⬩ to divide a whole into parts, ⬩ to destroy unity, ⬩ make dissension in ⬩ to divide a whole by assigning the limits of the different parts ⬩ to divide one number by another ⬩ to divide one thing from another, ⬩ part, ⬩ separate ⬩ to scatter, ⬩ disperse ⬩ to destroy ⬩ to distribute, ⬩ give away parts of a whole, ⬩ to divide into shares ⬩ to share ⬩ to divide, ⬩ distinguish, ⬩ separate, ⬩ make a difference between ⬩ to be different, ⬩ be distinguished from. ⬩ to separate with the mind ⬩ discern, ⬩ discriminate, ⬩ distinguish, ⬩ to give forth, ⬩ utter

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Ealle his geféran ðurh óþre stówe tódǽlede wǽron omnes socii per alia essent loca dispersi, Bd. 3, 27: S. 558, 37: Gen. 10, 32. Wǽron tódǽlede dispargerentur. Hpt.

a-fandian

(v.)
Grammar
a-fandian, -fandigean; p. ode, ude, ade; pp. od, ud, ad; v. a.

To prove ⬩ try ⬩ to make a trial ⬩ to discover by trying ⬩ to experience ⬩ probare ⬩ tentare ⬩ experiri

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Afanda hwæðer Freá wille make a trial whether the Lord will, Cd. 101; Th. 134, 23; Gen. 2229

cirman

(v.)
Grammar
cirman, cyrman;de; ed; v. intrans. [cirm a noise, shout]

CHIRM, cry out, shout ⬩ strepere, clamare, exclamare

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He hlúde stefne ne cirmde he did not cry out with a loud voice, 113a; Th. 432, 20; Rä. 49, 3. Swá wilde deór cirmdon they cried out as wild beasts, 46a; Th. 156, 25; Gú. 880.

Linked entry: cyrman

freóls-dæg

(n.)
Grammar
freóls-dæg, es; m.

A feast-day ⬩ festival-day ⬩ festus dies

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Gif hlaford his þeówan freólsdæge nýde to weorce if a lord oblige his servant to work on a feast-day, L. E. G. 7; Th. i. 172, 2. Be freólsdagum and fæstenum of festivals and fasts, L. Edg. i. 5; Th. i. 264, 17: L. Eth. v. 18; Th. 1. 308, 24: L. C.

lǽðan

(v.)
Grammar
lǽðan, p. de

To speak ill of ⬩ accuse ⬩ abuse ⬩ execrate ⬩ detest ⬩ hate

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ðæt man scolde lufian people scorn what they ought to praise, and hate what they ought to love, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 110, 167. Gif hwelc cymiþ tó mé and ne lǽdes [lǽðues, Lind] fæder his si quis venit ad me et non odit patrem suum, Lk. Skt. Rush. 14, 26.

Linked entry: láðian

mann-bót

(n.)
Grammar
mann-bót, e; f.

A fine to be paid to the lord of a man slain

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A fine to be paid to the lord of a man slain. Its amount was regulated by that of the ' wer' Síe sió mǽgbót and sió manbót gelíc. Weaxe sió [mǽg]bót be ðam were swá ilce swá sió manbót déþ ðe ðam hláforde sceal, L. In. 76; Th. i. 150, 14-16.

ge-cyndelíc

(adj.)
Grammar
ge-cyndelíc, adj. [cyndelíc natural]

Natural ⬩ according to nature ⬩ natūrālis

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Ne forléton hí nó ðæt gecyndelíce gód they would not lose the natural good, 27, 3; Fox 100, 6

Linked entry: ge-cundelíc

ge-fultuman

(v.)
Grammar
ge-fultuman, -fultumian, -fultmian; p. ode, ede; pp. od, ed

To help ⬩ assist ⬩ help to ⬩ supply

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Nymðe me drihten gefultumede unless the Lord had helped me, Ps. Th. 93, 16. Gefultuma me adjuva me, 69, 6. Ðú gefultuma úrum misdǽdum impietatibus nostris tu propitiaberis, 64, 3. He wæs godcundlíce gefultumad divinitus adjutus, Bd. 4, 24; S. 596, 41

wer-genga

(n.)
Grammar
wer-genga, an; m.
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Nú ic ðis lond gestág . . . mé friðe healdeþ . . . se ðe mægna gehwæs wealdeþ, 120, 28-121, 3; Gú. 278-283) in ðone láðan lég lǽdan móste, Exon. Th. 137, 29; Gú. 536 : 144, 28; Gú. 685

Linked entry: wær-genga

weorold-hláford

(n.)
Grammar
weorold-hláford, es; m.
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An earthly master, a temporal lord Se ðe gyfð ge ðæs worldhláfordes freóndscype ge his ágenne, Shrn. 177, 6. Se esne ðe ǽrendaþ his woroldhláforde wífes, Past. 19; Swt. 143, 2. Beó manna gehwylc hold and getrýwe his worldhláforde. Wulfst. 74, 9.

and-weard

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Add: -wurd, -wyrd. local Hé is ǽghwǽr andweard . . . hé is on ǽlcere stówe, Hml. Th. i. 158, 4. Ic wæs and*-*weard sumum bréðer, Gr. D. 267, 24. Him biþ beforan andweard engla cynn, Bl. H. 83, 11.

bune

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Add: a reed Canna, harundo, calamus vel bune (cf. calamus vel canna vel arundo hreód, i. 79, 27: cf. too Bun-hám with Hreód-hám in local names, and see N.E.D. bun.

daru

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S. 15, 7. loss, deprivation Þonne se mon bið blind, þeáh hé mycel áge, ꝥ him bið mycel daru, gif hé hit geseón ne mæg, Bl. H. 21, 8

strídan

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Love is stalewarde and strong for to striden on stede, An. Lit. 96, 9.]

ge-téman

(v.)
Grammar
ge-téman, -týman; p. de; pp. ed

To vouch to warranty ⬩ vocare ad warrantum

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A process by which a person, in whose possession lost or stolen property was found, was compelled to show from whom he bought or had it, which latter was, in like manner, obliged to declare how it came into his hands, and so on to a third holder, beyond

Linked entry: tíman

híréd-mann

(n.)
Grammar
híréd-mann, hírd-man, es; m.

A member of a 'híréd:' —

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A.)] on his ágenum borge let every lord have the members of his household in his own 'borg,' L. C. S. 31; Th. i. 394, 27: L. Eth. i. 1; Th. i. 282, 9.

for-weorpan

to throw away ⬩ to throw out ⬩ cast out

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His feoh þe hé wénð ꝥ him forworpen sý ( lost to him by useless expenditure ), 36, 150. to throw out, cast out Dióblæs wé forworpon daemonia ejecimus, Mt. L. 7, 22. Ðegn forworpes ( eicite ), 25, 30. Ꝥ hé foruorpa ut eiciat, 9, 38.

a-lecgan

(v.)
Grammar
a-lecgan, -lecgean; he -legeþ, -legþ, -lehþ, pl. -lecgaþ; p. -legde, -léde , pl. -legdon, -lédon; pp. -legd, -léd; v. trans. [a from, lecgan to lay] .

to place ⬩ lay down ⬩ throw down ⬩ suppress ⬩ lay aside ⬩ cease from ⬩ ponere ⬩ collocare ⬩ prosternere ⬩ deponere ⬩ abjicere ⬩ relinquere ⬩ omittere ⬩ to impose ⬩ inflict upon ⬩ imponere ⬩ immittere ⬩ to diminish ⬩ take away ⬩ refuse ⬩ imminuere ⬩ deprimere ⬩ reprimere

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Gr. 19; Som. 22, 54-57. to impose, inflict upon; imponere, immittere Ðú woldest on me wrohte alecgean thou wouldest inflict calamity upon me, Cd. 127; Th. 162, 21; Gen. 2684. to diminish, take away, refuse; imminuere, deprimere, reprimere Godes lof

á-meldian

(v.)
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Hé wearð ámeldod ( the lot fell upon him ), Jos. 7, 18. Heó wolde geneálǽcan on wærlicum híwe, ꝥ heó ne wurde ámeldod, Hml. S. 2, 53. Se bróðor þe giltig ámeldod bið ðám abbode þurh óðerne man and nó þurh hine selfne, R. Ben. 71, 13.