Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

gieldan

(v.)
Grammar
gieldan, ic gielde, ðú gieltst, gielst, he gieldeþ, gielt, pl. gieldaþ; p. geald, pl. guldon; pp. golden

To yield ⬩ pay ⬩ render ⬩ repay ⬩ requite

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To yield, pay, render, repay, requite Sceoldon gombon gieldan they must pay homage, Cd. 93; Th. 119, 11; Gen. 1978. Werum gieldeþ gaful pays tribute to men, Exon. 108 b; Th. 415, 15; Rä. 33, 11: 34 a; Th. 109, 24; Gú. 95: 39 a; Th. 130, 9; Gú. 435. He

a-lecgan

(v.)
Grammar
a-lecgan, -lecgean; he -legeþ, -legþ, -lehþ, pl. -lecgaþ; p. -legde, -léde , pl. -legdon, -lédon; pp. -legd, -léd; v. trans. [a from, lecgan to lay] .

to place ⬩ lay down ⬩ throw down ⬩ suppress ⬩ lay aside ⬩ cease from ⬩ ponere ⬩ collocare ⬩ prosternere ⬩ deponere ⬩ abjicere ⬩ relinquere ⬩ omittere ⬩ to impose ⬩ inflict upon ⬩ imponere ⬩ immittere ⬩ to diminish ⬩ take away ⬩ refuse ⬩ imminuere ⬩ deprimere ⬩ reprimere

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to place, lay down, throw down, suppress, lay aside, cease from; ponere, collocare, prosternere, deponere, abjicere, relinquere, omittere Alecgan hine to lay him down, Lk. Bos. 5, 19: Ors. 6, 30; Bos. 126, 25. He mec on þeóstre alegde he laid me in darkness

mótan

(v.)
Grammar
mótan, ic, hé mót, ðú móst; wé móton; p. móste (

to be allowed ⬩ may ⬩ mote ⬩ to be inferred otherwise ⬩ to be obliged ⬩ must

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from mót-te). to be allowed, may, mote, Grammar mótan, with an infinitive Mót ic drincan licet mihi bibere, ic móste mihi licuit, gif wé móstan si nobis liceret, beón álýfed licere, Ælfc. Gr. 33; Som. 37, 15. Wé móton nobis licet, ðú móstest tibi licuit

flítan

(v.)
Grammar
flítan, part. flítende; ic flíte, ðú flítest, flítst, he flíteþ, flít, pl. flítaþ; p. flát, pl. fliton; pp. fliten

To strive ⬩ contend ⬩ dispute ⬩ rebel ⬩ contendĕre ⬩ certāre ⬩ dispŭtāre ⬩ jurgāre

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To strive, contend, dispute, rebel; contendĕre, certāre, dispŭtāre, jurgāre Ic flítan gefrægn on fyrndagum módgleáwe men, gewésan ymbe hyra wísdóm I have learnt that in days of yore men wise of mood contended, struggled about their wisdom, Salm. Kmbl

Linked entry: flítend

a-bacan

(v.)
Grammar
a-bacan, ic -bace, ðú -bæcest, -bæcst, he -bæceþ, -bæcþ, pl. -bacaþ; p. -bóc, pl. -bócon; pp. -bacen

To bake ⬩ pinsere ⬩ coquere

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To bake; pinsere, coquere Se hláf þurh fýres hǽtan abacen the bread baked by the heat of fire. Homl. Pasc. Daye, A. D. 1567, p. 30, 8; Lisl. 410, 1623, p. 4, 16; Homl. Th. ii. p. 268, 9

ge-frinan

(v.)
Grammar
ge-frinan, ic -frine, ðú -frinst, he -frinþ, pl. -frinaþ; p. -fran, pl. -frunon; pp. -frunen

To learn by asking ⬩ find out ⬩ hear of

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To learn by asking, find out, hear of Ðá gefran Ioseph ðæt Archelaus rixode on Iudea lande then Joseph learned that Archelaus reigned in Judea, Homl. Th. i. 88, 19. We ðeódcyninga ðrym gefrunon we have heard of the glory of the great kings, Beo. Th.

Linked entry: ge-frunon

BREGDAN

(v.)
Grammar
BREGDAN, bredan, ic bregde, ðú bregdest, he bregdeþ, pl. bregdaþ ; p. brægd pl. brugdon pp. brogden, bregden.

To move to and fro, vibrate, cast, draw, drag, change, bend, weave; ⬩ vibrare, vibrare gladium, jactare, stringere, trahere, nectere, plectere ⬩ to turn into ⬩ se vertere in aliquid

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v. a. To move to and fro, vibrate, cast, draw, drag, change, bend, weave; vibrare, vibrare gladium, jactare, stringere, trahere, nectere, plectere Git mundum brugdon ye vibrated with your hands, Beo. Th. 1033; B. 514. Ðæt hie ne móste se synscaða bregdan

bræsian

(v.)
Grammar
bræsian, brasian, ic bræsige, ðú bræsast, he bræsaþ, pl. bræsiaþ; p. ode; pp. od

ærare" ⬩ To cover or furnish with brass, to make of brass

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ærare"; To cover or furnish with brass, to make of brass Ic bræsige [MSS. C. D. brasige] æro, Ælfc. Gr. 36; Som. 38, 39

Linked entries: bracigean brasian

CRÁWAN

(v.)
Grammar
CRÁWAN, ic cráwe, ðú cráwest, crǽwst, he cráweþ, crǽwþ; p. creów, pl. creówon; pp. cráwen

To CROW as a cock ⬩ cantare instar galli

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To CROW as a cock; cantare instar galli Ne crǽwþ se hana to-dæg non cantabit hodie gallus, Lk. Bos. 22, 34. Ne crǽwþ se cocc, ǽr ðú wiðsæcst me þríwa. Jn. Bos. 13, 38; the koc schal not crowe, til thou schalt denye me thries, Wyc. Ǽrðamðe cocc cráwe,

a-hebban

(v.)
Grammar
a-hebban, -hæbban; ðú -hefst, he -hefeþ, pl. -hebbaþ; p. -hóf, pl. -hófon; imp. -hefe; pp. -hafen

To heave up ⬩ lift up ⬩ raise ⬩ elevate ⬩ exalt ⬩ ferment ⬩ levare ⬩ tollere ⬩ elevare ⬩ erigere ⬩ exaltare ⬩ extollere ⬩ fer-mentare

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To heave up, lift up, raise, elevate, exalt, ferment; levare, tollere, elevare, erigere, exaltare, extollere, fer-mentare Nolde his eágan ahebban up to ðam heofone nolebat oculos ad cælum levare, Lk. Bos. 18, 13. To ahebbanne levare, Gen. 48, 17. Ðú

sculan

(v.)
Grammar
sculan, sceolan; ic, hé sceal, scal, ðú scealt, pl. wé sculon, sceolon; p. sceolde, scolde, scealde, scalde; subj. prs. scyle, scile, sciele, scule.

to owe ⬩ debere ⬩ shall ⬩ must ⬩ ought ⬩ have ⬩ am ⬩ am bound ⬩ shall ⬩ ought as being fit, right, proper ⬩ in accordance with reason ⬩ to do appointed work ⬩ to carry out the terms of an agreement ⬩ where the obligation results from a law, statute, regulation ⬩ shall ⬩ must as being decreed by fate or providence ⬩ to be forced ⬩ must because there is no possible alternative ⬩ because one cannot help one's self ⬩ to be obliged ⬩ must ⬩ shall because from the conditions or nature of a case no alternative is admissible ⬩ because a conclusion is inevitable ⬩ shall ⬩ must ⬩ where an end is to be attained or a task to be completed or a purpose to be served

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to owe; debere Án him sceolde (scalde, Rush.: áhte tó geldanne, Lind.) týn þúsend punda. Se hláford forgeaf him ðone gylt. Se þeówa gemétte hys efenþeówan, se him sceolde (sculde, Rush.) án hund penega, and hé cwæð; 'Ágyf ðæt ðú mé scealt,' Mt. Kmbl.

Linked entries: ge-scola sceal

a-belgan

(v.)
Grammar
a-belgan, ic -beige, ðú -bilgst, -bilhst, he -bylgþ, -bilhþ, pl. -belgaþ; p. -bealg, -bealh, pl. -bulgon; pp. -bolgen, v. trans. [a, belgan to irritate]

To cause any one to swell with anger ⬩ to anger ⬩ irritate ⬩ vex ⬩ incense ⬩ ira aliquem tumefacere ⬩ irritare ⬩ exasperare ⬩ incendere

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To cause any one to swell with anger, to anger, irritate, vex, incense; ira aliquem tumefacere, irritare, exasperare, incendere Ne sceal ic ðé abelgan I would not anger thee, Salm. Kmbl. 657; Sal. 328. Oft ic wífe abelge oft I irritate a woman. Exon.

GÁN

(v.)
Grammar
GÁN, to gánne; ic gá, ðú gǽst, he gǽþ; pl. gáþ; p. ic he eóde, ðú eódest; pl. eódon; imp. gá, pl. gáþ; pp. gán; v. n. [the conjugation is formed from two roots, the past tense being from root i; cf. Gothic iddja];

To go ⬩ come ⬩ walk ⬩ happen ⬩ īre ⬩ grădi ⬩ evĕnīre

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To go, come, walk, happen; īre, grădi, evĕnīre Uton gán and feligean fremdum godum cāmus et sequāmur deos aliēnos, Deut. 13, 1. Gearo to gánne ready to go, Homl. Th. ii. 32, 7. Ðú gǽst on ðínum breóste sŭper pectus tuum grădiēris, Gen. 3, 14. He on flet

GALAN

(v.)
Grammar
GALAN, part. galende, ic gale, ðú gælest, gælst, he gæleþ, gælþ, pl. galaþ, p. gól, pl. gólon; pp. galen

To sing ⬩ enchant ⬩ call ⬩ cănĕre ⬩ incantāre ⬩ insŏnāre ⬩ clāmāre

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To sing, enchant, call; cănĕre, incantāre, insŏnāre, clāmāre Seó ne gehérþ stemne galendra, and átterwyrhtan galendes wíslíce quæ non exaudiet vōcem incantantium, et venēfĭci incantantis săpienter, Ps. Lamb. 57, 6. Sorh-leóþ gæleþ he sings a sad lay,

be-hátan

(v.)
Grammar
be-hátan, ic -háte, ðú -hátest, -hǽtst, he -háteþ, pl. -hátaþ; p. -hét, pl. -héton; pp. -háten [be, hátan to call, promise, vide II]

To promise ⬩ vow ⬩ threaten ⬩ spondere ⬩ pollicere ⬩ vovere ⬩ comminari

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To promise, vow, threaten; spondere, pollicere, vovere, comminari Ðæt ðú me behǽtst quod polliceris Gen. 38, 17. Behét he mid áþe cum juramento pollicitus est Mt. Bos. 14, 7. Ðonne ðú behát behǽtst Drihtene cum votum voveris Domino Deut. 23, 21. Drihten

Linked entry: be-hǽtst

æt-standan

(v.)
Grammar
æt-standan, ic -stande, ðú -standest, -stentst, he -standeþ, -stent, -stynt, pl. -standaþ; p. -stód, pl. -stódon; pp. -standen.

To stand ⬩ stand still ⬩ stop ⬩ stand near ⬩ rest ⬩ stay ⬩ stand up ⬩ stare ⬩ adstare ⬩ restare ⬩ requiescere ⬩ To stop ⬩ obturere ⬩ claudere

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v. intrans. To stand, stand still, stop, stand near, rest, stay, stand up; stare, adstare, restare, requiescere Íran on wealle ætstód the iron stoord in the wall, Beo. Th. 1787; B. 891. Ðá ætstód se Hǽlend then Jesus stood still, Mk. Bos. 10, 49. Ætstód

Linked entry: æt-stent

án-for-lǽtan

(v.)
Grammar
án-for-lǽtan, ic -læte, ðú -lætest, -lǽtst, he -lǽteþ, -léteþ, pl. -lǽtaþ; p. -lét, -leórt, -leót, pl. -léton; pp. -lǽten

To leave alone ⬩ lose ⬩ relinquish ⬩ forsake ⬩ amittere

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To leave alone, lose, relinquish, forsake; amittere Ðú nú án-forléte thou hast now lost, Bt. 7, 3; Fox 20, 12: Bd. 1, 27, resp. 3; S. 490, 25: 4, 10; S. 578, 34

Linked entry: ǽnforléten

a-yrnan

(v.)
Grammar
a-yrnan, he -yrnþ ; p. -arn, pl. -urnon ; pp. -urnen [a out, yrnan to run]

To run over ⬩ to pass or go over ⬩ pass ⬩ go ⬩ præterire ⬩ decurrere

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To run over, to pass or go over, pass, go ; præterire, decurrere To náhte híg becumaþ swá swá a-yrnende wæter ad nihilum devenient tamquam aqua decurrens, Ps. Lamb. 57, 8. Swá neáh wæs þúsend wintra a-urnen so near was a thousand winters gone, Chr. 973

Linked entry: a-urnen

CNÁWAN

(v.)
Grammar
CNÁWAN, ic cnáwe, ðú cnáwest, cnáwst, he cnáweþ, cnǽwþ, pl. cnáwaþ; p. cneów, pl. cneówon; pp. cnáwen

To KNOW; ⬩ noscere

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To KNOW; noscere Ða byþ cnáwene noscuntur Mone B. 169

a-stígan

(v.)
Grammar
a-stígan, ic -stíge, ðú -stígest, -stíhst, he -stígeþ, -stíhþ, pl. -stígaþ ; p. -stág, -stáh, pl. -stigon; impert. -stíh; pp. -stigen [a, stígan to go] .

to go ⬩ come ⬩ step ⬩ proceed ⬩ climb ⬩ ire ⬩ venire ⬩ gradi ⬩ procedere ⬩ scandere ⬩ to go in any direction ⬩ to rise ⬩ ascend ⬩ descend ⬩ surgere ⬩ ascendere ⬩ descendere

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to go, come, step, proceed, climb; ire, venire, gradi, procedere, scandere Hwider sceal ðæs monnes mód astígan thither shall the mind of man go, Exon. 32 b; Th. 103, 21; Cri. 1691. Egsa astígeþ dread shall come, 102 a; Th. 385, 24; Rä. 4, 49. Word-hleóðor