Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

Dene-mearc

(n.)
Grammar
Dene-mearc, Dene-marc,e ; f: -marce, -mearce, -merce, an; f.

DENMARK Dānia

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In Danish mark signifies a country; hence Denmark the low country of the Danes: so Finmark thee is the most early writer hitherto known, who mentions Denmark] Wulfstán sǽde ðæt he gefóre of Hǽðum.

Linked entry: Dena mearc

sǽt

(n.)
Grammar
sǽt, To judge by the former of the two passages given here the word in the latter of them should mean a place of concealment for the hunter where he lies in wait for the game which is driven towards him. Such driving of game is described by the hunter in Ælfric's Colloquy, Th. An. 21, 13-22, 18.
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Sǽte haldan would mean to keep the game from avoiding the ambush into which it was being driven. Cf. ge-sǽte

E

Grammar
E, Anglo-Saxon words, containing the short or unaccented vowel e, are often represented by modern English words of the same meaning, having the sound of e in
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ende. the short e in Anglo-Saxon generally comes before a double consonant; as, Nebb, weccan, tellan, weddian: before any two consonants; as, Twentig, sendan, bernan: before one or two consonants, when followed by a long or by a final vowel; as, Sele, henne

á-cumba

(n.)
Grammar
á-cumba, an; m: ǽ-cumbe, an; n ? [cemban to comb] .

oakumthat which is combedthe coarse part of hemp,—Hards, flax, towstuppathe thing pruned or trimmed, properly of treesPruningsclippingstrimmingsputamenreduced to ashesWood ashes

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Voc. 40, 36. the thing pruned or trimmed, properly of trees, and figuratively of other things, hence,— Prunings, clippings, trimmings; putamen, hinc,—putamina non solum arborum sunt, verum omnium rerum purgamenta.

Linked entries: á-cuma ǽcumbe

FARAN

(v.)
Grammar
FARAN, to farenne; ic fare, ðú farest, færest, færst, færsþ, he fareþ, færeþ, færþ, pl. faraþ; p. fór, pl. fóron; pp.

A word expressing every kind of going from one place to another, hence to go, proceed, travel, march, sailīre, vādĕre, incēdĕre, transīre, migrāre, nāvīgāre FARE, happen, to be in any state versāri in ălĭqua re, se hăbēre ălĭquo mŏdo

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faren, A word expressing every kind of going from one place to another, hence to go, proceed, travel, march, sail; īre, vādĕre, incēdĕre, transīre, migrāre, nāvīgāre Faran ofer feldas to go over fields, Exon. 108 b; Th. 415, 8; Rä, 33, 8.

Linked entries: færan feran

þreágung

(n.)
Grammar
þreágung, þreáwung (v. þreápung), þreáung, þreáng, e; f.

reproofrebukea threatchastisementpunishment

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Ðæt ic ídel heonone ne hwyrfe míne synna on þreágunge berende that I may not go hence with nothing accomplished, bearing my sins to punish me, Homl. Skt. ii. 23 b, 672.

Linked entries: þreáung þreáwung

un-þearf

(n.)
Grammar
un-þearf, e; f.

Disadvantagehurtharmdetriment

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Hé férde for his bróðær unþearfe intó Normandige he (William) went to Normandy on account of the injury his brother had done him (see Henry of Huntingdon), 1091; Erl. 227, 5.

ÆG

(n.)
Grammar
ÆG, æig; g. asges; pl. nom. acc. ægru; g. ægra; d. ægrum, ægerum; n.

An EGGovum

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Gením hænne æges geolocan take the yolk of a hen's egg, L. M. 1, 2; Lchdm, ii. 38, 6.

Linked entries: ægerum ægru æig

CEÁP

(n.)
Grammar
CEÁP, es; m.

cattlepecusSaleable commodities, price, sale, bargain, business, marketpretium, negotium, pactio,venditio, forum

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Ceápes cwild murrain of cattle, Chr. 897; Erl. 94, 31. as cattle were the chief objects of sale, hence — Saleable commodities, price, sale, bargain, business, market; pretium, negotium, pactio,venditio, forum Ceápas saleable commodities, goods, Cd. 85

Linked entry: cép

B

Grammar
B, THE sound of b is produced by the lips; hence it is called a labial consonant, and has the same sound in Anglo-Saxon as in English. In all languages, and especially in the dialects of cognate languages, the letters employing the same organs of utterance are continually interchanged. In Anglo-Saxon, therefore, we find that b interchanges with the other labials, f and
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p Ic hæbbe I have, he hæfþ he hath. When words are transferred into modern English, b is sometimes represented by f or v :-- Beber or befor a beaver; Ober, ofer, over. In comparing the Anglo-Saxon aspirated labial f with the corresponding letter in Old

ETAN

(v.)
Grammar
ETAN, to etanne; part. etende; ic ete, ðú etest, etst, itst, ytst, ætst, he, heó, hit, yt, ytt, et, ett, eteþ, ieteþ, iteþ, yteþ, pl. etaþ; p. ic, he æt, ðú ǽte, pl. ǽton; subj. indef. ic ete, æte, pl. eten; p. ǽte, pl. ǽten; pp. eten; v.a.

EAT, consume, devourĕdĕre, cŏmĕdĕre, mandūcāre, vescĕre

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To EAT, consume, devour; ĕdĕre, cŏmĕdĕre, mandūcāre, vescĕre Ðú scealt greót etan thou shalt eat dust [grit ], Cd. 43; Th. 56, 9; Gen. 909: 43; Th. 57, 28; Gen. 935. Seó leó bringþ hungregum hwelpum hwæt to etanne the lioness brings to hungry whelps

seóþan

(v.)
Grammar
seóþan, p. seáþ, pl. sudon; pp. soden.
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Gif mon sýþ gárleác on henne broþe, Lchdm. ii. 276, 15. Seóþ on wætere tó þriddan dǽle, i. 72, 2. Seóþ on wíne, 134, 4. Seóþaþ ( coquite ) eówerne mete beforan ðæs temples dura, Lev. 8, 31. Seóþe on strangum wíne, Lchdm. i. 142, 2.

Linked entry: for-seóþan

eáster

(n.)
Grammar
eáster, eástor; gen. eástres; pl. nom. acc. eástro; gen. eástrena; dat. eástron, eástran [ = eástrum]; n: eástre, an; n.

the passover, paschal lamb pascha

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Hence used by Teutonic christians for the rising of the sun of righteousness, the feast of the resurrection, Bd. de Temp. Rat. Works, vol. ii. p. 81: Grimm's Deut. Mythol. 8vo. 1855, pp. 180-183.]

Linked entries: eóster éster

bróc

(n.)
Grammar
bróc, es; pl. brócu; n: bróc, gebróc,

Affliction, misery, tribulation, trouble, labour, adversity, a disease, malady, sicknessafflictio, miseria, tribulatio, labor, adversitas, morbus, ægritudo

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metaphorically, that which violently breaks from the body or mind; hence, Affliction, misery, tribulation, trouble, labour, adversity, a disease, malady, sickness; afflictio, miseria, tribulatio, labor, adversitas, morbus, ægritudo God nyle nán unaberendlíce

þeón

(v.)
Grammar
þeón, [from þíhan; and this from an earlier nasal stem, of which traces are preserved in the past forms, where g has replaced h by Verner's law:-Ðunge pollesceret, Wrt. Voc. ii. 66, 40. Fród fæder freóbearn lǽrdewordum wísfæstum, ðæt hé wel þunge, Exon. Th. 300, 9; Fä. 3. See also the passages given under ge-þingan; ofer-þeón; ge-, heáh-, wel-þungen; on-þungan, Exon. Th. 497, 3; Rä. 85, 23 (omitted in its place)]
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; p. þáh and þeáh, pl. þigon and þugon; p. pr. þíende and þeónde; pp. þigen and þogen To thrive, grow, flourish, prosper Þíhþ cluit, pollet, viget, nobilitat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 131, 75. Þáh pubesceret, 66, 22. Þeó vigeat, Wülck. Gl. 257, 17. of persons in

stæl-wirðe

(adj.)
Grammar
stæl-wirðe, adj.
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Þou hart on staleworþe (hende, 1st MS.) gome, Laym. 3812. Gurguont, stalworþe mon and hardy, R. Glouc. 39, 4. A man þat es yhung and light, Be he never swa stalworth and wyght, Pr. C. 689.

GANGAN

(v.)
Grammar
GANGAN, gongan, gancgan; part. gangende, gongende; ic gange, gonge, ðú gangest, gongest, he gangeþ, gongeþ, pl. gangaþ, gongaþ; p. geóng, gióng, giéng, géng, pl. geóngon, gióngon, giéngon, géngon; imp. gang, gong; pp. gangen, gongen

To gowalkturn outīremeārevādĕreambŭlāreingrĕditendĕreevĕnīre

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He heonon gangeþ [gangaþ MS.] he goes from hence, Andr. Kmbl. 1782; An. 893. He of worulde gangende wæs he was going from the world, Bd. 4, 24; S. 598, 30.

Linked entries: gongan GÁN gancgan

ÁC

(n.)
Grammar
ÁC, ǽc; g. e; f.

OAKquercusroburThe Anglo-Saxon Rune ᚪ = a

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The Anglo-Saxon Rune ᚪ = a, the name of which letter, in Anglo-Saxon, is ác an oak, hence, this Rune not only stands for the letter a, but for ác an oak, as ᚪ byþ on eorþan elda bearnum flǽsces fódor the oak is on earth food of the flesh to the sons

Linked entries: ác-drenc ǽc

ǽw

(n.)
Grammar
ǽw, ǽwe, es; n. [ǽ law] .

lawwhat is established by lawwedlockmarriagea marriage vowlexmatrimoniuma female bound by the law of marriagea wifeconjux legitimauxor justa

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law, what is established by law, hence wedlock, marriage, a marriage vow; lex, matrimonium Ðætte ryht ǽw gefæstnod wǽre that just law might be settled, L. In. pref; Th. i. 102, 9: 1; Th. i. 102, 16.

wícnere

(n.)
Grammar
wícnere, es; m.
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Ic nelle ðæt ǽnig mann áht ðǽr on teó búton hé ( the archbishop) and his wícneras (cf. the similar document of Henry II: Mine agene wicneres (ministri) ... hi and heara wicneras (ministri ) ðe hi hit betechan willað, 347, 1-4), Chart. Erl. 233, 7.

Linked entry: wícnung