Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

æ
þ

irman

(v.)
Grammar
irman, p. de

to afflict ⬩ vex

Entry preview:

þeóda Pyhtas norþan and Scottas westan hí onwinnan and heora ǽhta niman and hergian and hí fela geára yrmdon and hýndon then began two peoples, the Picts from the north, the Scots from the west, to attack them, and to take their possessions, and to harry

Linked entry: ge-irman

ge-nerian

(v.)
Entry preview:

Th. 139, l. to prevent from getting harm, hold back from hurt. with prep. Hí Gode þonciað . . . þæt hé hý generede from níðcwale and eác forgeaf éce dreámas, Cri. 1258.

DERIAN

(v.)
Grammar
DERIAN, derigan; part.deriende, derigende ic derige, ðú derast, detest, he deraþ, dereþ, pl.deriaþ, deregaþ ; p. ode, ede ; pp. od, ed; v. trans. dat.

To injure, hurt, harm, damage ⬩ nocēre, lædĕre, obesse

Entry preview:

To injure, hurt, harm, damage; nocēre, lædĕre, obesse Him ða stormas derian ne máhan [derigan ne mǽgon MS. Cot.] the storms cannot hurt him, Bt. 7, 3; Fox 22, 6: Bt. Met, Fox 12, 8; Met. 12, 4.

ge-hnesctun

(v.)
Entry preview:

Substitute: ge-hnescan, ge-hnescian; p. ge-hnescte, ge-hnescode To make nesh. in a physical sense. to soften hard material ꝥ hearde hyt gelíðigað and gehnesceaþ. Lch. i. 368, 2.

tucian

(v.)
Grammar
tucian, (or túcian ?; in Piers P. (v. infra) touked occurs, but the form of the noun is tokkere as well as touker, Prol. 100 A-text, and Halliwell gives tucker = fuller as a western word); p. ode
Entry preview:

To treat ill, to afflict, harass, vex Unrihtwíse cyningas ðe ðis wérige folc wyrst tuciaþ (quos miseri torvos populi timent tyrannos; ða unrihtwísan cyningas . . . ðe ðis earme folc heardost ondrǽt, Bt. 36, 2; Fox 174, 26-29), Met. 24, 60.

Linked entry: ge-tucian

hergian

(v.)

to harry ⬩ plunder ⬩ to harrass

Entry preview:

Voc. ii. 146, to harry, plunder: Hié angunnan hergean and hiénan þá þe hié friþian sceoldon octava legio omnes, quibus subsidio praeerat, interfecit, praedam sibi offlnem vindicavií, Ors. 4, l S. 160, 9: 4, 6; S. 172, 26.

stán

(n.)
Grammar
stán, es; m.
Entry preview:

Stearcheort styrmde, stefn in becom under hárne stán, Beo. Th. 5100; B. 2553. Stánum cautibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 18, 15

Linked entry: stán-weorþung

settan

Entry preview:

Eác hé sætte be þám haran, ꝥ hí mósten freó faran, Chr. 1086; P. 221, 6-12. dele Met. 1, 4, and add Hwelc cynig bið færende tó settanne gifeht (committere bellum) wið óðerne cynig, Lk.

ge-þolian

(v.)
Grammar
ge-þolian, to -þolianne, -þolienne, -þoligenne; p. ode, ade, ede; pp. od, ad, ed [þolienne to bear, suffer] .

to bear ⬩ suffer ⬩ endure ⬩ sustain ⬩ sufferre ⬩ păti ⬩ sustĭnēre ⬩ to have patience ⬩ endure ⬩ wait ⬩ remain ⬩ perdūrāre ⬩ mănēre ⬩ with the gen. To suffer loss of ⬩ forfeit ⬩ lose ⬩ cărēre

Entry preview:

Ðæt Andrea þúhte þeódbealo þearlíc to geþolianne that seemed to Andrew a general evil hard to bear, Andr. Kmbl. 2274; An. 1138: Beo.Th. 2842; B. 1419: Exon. 48 a; Th. 166, 7; Gú. 1039. To geþolienne, Andr. Kmbl. 3375; An. 1691.

þrǽstan

(v.)
Grammar
þrǽstan, p. te.

to twist ⬩ writhe ⬩ roll about ⬩ to torture ⬩ torment ⬩ harass ⬩ plague ⬩ afflict ⬩ to press ⬩ constrain

Entry preview:

Hé misenlícum styrenessum ongan his limu ðrǽstan diversis motibus coepit membra torquere, 3, 11; S. 536, 15. to torture, torment, harass, plague, afflict Ǽnne of ðám mannum ðe hí on ðam fýre bærndon anð ðrǽston unum de eis quos in ignibus torrebant,

Linked entries: a-þrǽstan þræscende for-þrǽstan

leóhtlíce

(adv.)
Entry preview:

, hig magon fremian bet þonne þá þe beóð on leóðwísan fægre geglenged though our exposition of these matters be slight, they may do more good than those that are prettily ornamented with versification, Ange. viii. 304. 2. without being oppressive or harsh

B

Grammar
B, THE sound of b is produced by the lips; hence it is called a labial consonant, and has the same sound in Anglo-Saxon as in English. In all languages, and especially in the dialects of cognate languages, the letters employing the same organs of utterance are continually interchanged. In Anglo-Saxon, therefore, we find that b interchanges with the other labials, f and
Entry preview:

p Ic hæbbe I have, he hæfþ he hath. When words are transferred into modern English, b is sometimes represented by f or v :-- Beber or befor a beaver; Ober, ofer, over. In comparing the Anglo-Saxon aspirated labial f with the corresponding letter in Old

styrman

(v.)
Grammar
styrman, p. de.
Entry preview:

Stearcheort styrmde, stefn in becom heaðotorht hlynnan under hárne stán, Beo. Th. 5097; B. 2552. Holofernus hlóh and hlýdde, hlynede and dynede, ðæt mihten fira bearn feorran gehýran, hú se stíþmóda styrmde and gylede, Judth. Thw. 21, 19; Jud. 25.

Linked entry: storm

ǽr

(adj.)
Grammar
ǽr, comp. m. ǽra, ǽrra; f. n. ǽre, ǽrre; sup. ǽrest; adj.

Early ⬩ former ⬩ preceding ⬩ ancient ⬩ prior ⬩ præcedens ⬩ antiquus

Entry preview:

Se hér-búendra hearpan ǽrest hlyn awehte who first of dwellers here awoke the sound of the harp, Cd. 52; Th. 66, 5; Gen. 1079. Se ǽresta wæs Enos háten the first was called Enos, 50; Th. 64, 24; Gen. 1055.

Linked entries: ǽra ǽrest ár ǽren-dæg

cyrnel

(n.)
Grammar
cyrnel, cyrnl; gen.es; dat.e ; pl. nom. acc. cyrnlu; gen. cyrnla; n.

KERNEL, grain ⬩ nucleus, granum ⬩ a hard

Entry preview:

Sele ða cyrnlu ðæs eorþifiges on hátum wætre drincan give him the grains of the ground ivy in hot water to drink, 2, 39; Lchdm. ii. 248, 26. a hard concretion in the flesh, an indurated gland or strumous swelling; toles, glandulæ duriores, quæ succrescunt

Linked entries: cirnel cirnel

hræfn

(n.)
Grammar
hræfn, es; m.

A raven

Entry preview:

Saluwigpádan ðone sweartan hræfn hyrnednebban the black raven, dusky-coated, hard-beaked, Chr. 937; Erl. 115, 10; Æðelst. 61. Hí læccaþ eallswá gýfre hremnas of holde dóþ they seize just as greedy ravens do from a corpse, L. I.

Linked entries: hræm hrefn hrem hremn

ildu

(n.)
Grammar
ildu, indecl. f.

an age ⬩ ævum ⬩ age ⬩ ætas ⬩ age ⬩ senectus

Entry preview:

Him æfter ðý yldo ne derede after that age should not harm him, Cd. 23; Th. 30, 24; Gen. 471. Nis ðǽr on ðam londe yldu ne yrmþu there is not in that land old age nor misery, Exon. 56 b ; Th. 201, 6 ; Ph. 52.

Linked entries: ældu eldo ilda ildo

bláwan

(v.)

to blow ⬩ breathe ⬩ snort ⬩ pant ⬩ to blow ⬩ to flame ⬩ blaze ⬩ inflate

Entry preview:

Þæs þe hé on mínne andwlitan bleóu (bleów, bléw, v. ll.) exsufflante illo in faciem meam, Bd. 5, 6; Sch. 581, 3. to breathe hard, snort, pant :-- Ðæt hors ongan bláwan and gremetian ungemetlíce (immenso flatu et fremitu), Gr.

ge-sǽlan

Entry preview:

Th. 166, 20. the subject not expressed Hwílum us on ýðum earfoðlíce gesǽleð at times things go hard with us at sea, An. 515

sceand

(n.)
Grammar
sceand, e; f.

shame, disgrace, infamy, ignominy ⬩ a shameful, infamous, or abominable thing,

Entry preview:

Unk schal itide harm and schonde, O. and N. 1733. ÞU schalt haue schonde, Horn. 714. To spouse þe emperoures doȝter yt ner hym no schonde, R. Glouc. 65, 12

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