Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

þurh

(prep.)
Grammar
þurh, þurg, þuruh, þorh, þorch, þerh, þerih, þærh; prep.

Throughthroughforduringthroughbythroughbyby means ofby use ofthroughin consequence ofas the result ofby reason ofon account ofthroughfromthroughin virtue ofby right ofinbyin the character ofby way ofinwithwith a view tothroughbyin

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Hé wæs on breóstum wund þurh ða hringlocan, Byrht. Th. 136, 2; By. 145. Grammar þurh, where the preposition follows the governed word : -- Duru, ðe is wæs þurh hider onsended, Blickl.

healdan

(v.)
Grammar
healdan, haldan; p. heóld; pp. healden.

to HOLD, keep, grasp, retain, restrain, confine, containto hold, have, possess, occupy, inhabitto rule, governto behave, conductto guard, defend, keep, preserve, protect, maintain, sustain, regard, observe, take heedto hold out, last, hold on, continue, hold withto hold, keep, keep sheepservare, custodire

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Homl. 109, 16. to hold out, last, hold on, continue, hold with Hé hét ðæt werod healdan feste wið feóndum he bade that band stand fast against the foes, Byrht. Th. 134, 51; By. 102.

cyning

(n.)
Grammar
cyning, cyng,es; m. [cyn people, -ing originating from, son of] .

a king, ruler, emperor rex, imperator a spiritual King, God, Christ Deus, Christusthe devildiabŏlus, satănas Anglo-Saxon kings were at first elected from a family or class, by Witena gemót the assembly of the wise. fidelity was sworn to them by the people, in the following words the king took a corresponding oath to his peoplethe Anglo-Saxon king had royal power to pardon transgressors of all forfeits the king had one halfall hoards above the earth, and within the earth. As we learn from Beowulf, in early and heathen times, much treasure was buried in the mound raised over the ashes of the dead, besides what was burned with the body Pastus or ConviviumThe king visited different districts personally or by deputy to see that justice was done to all his subjects. In these periodical journeys the king received support and entertainment wherever he went. Hence perhaps the privileges of our judges Vigilia head ward, or a proper watch set over the king, which he claimed when he came into any district the mint or coinage of money. The king exercised a superintendence over the circulating medium

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Cyninga [MS. kyninga] byrgen a burying-place of kings; mausoleum, bustum, Ælfc. Gl. 85 ; Som. 74, 3; Wrt. Voc. 49, 27.

wesan

(v.)
Grammar
wesan, p. wæs, pl. wǽron
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Ðǽr him leófost wæs, Byrht. Th. 132, 29; By. 23. Swá him gemédost wæs, Andr. Kmbl. 1188; An. 594. (In the last three passages the superlatives might be taken as adverbs. Cf. 7.) <b>III a.

secgan

(v.)
Grammar
secgan, secgean, secggan, secggean, sæcgan ; p. sægde, sǽde; pp. sægd, sǽd. [Forms as from an infin. sagian—sagast, sagaþ ; p. sagode; imp. saga, are given here.]
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Ábeód eft ongeán, sege ðínum leódum miccle láþre spell, Byrht. Th. 133, 14 ; By. 50. Náne gewitnesse æfter him ne saga ðú, L. Alf. 40 ; Th. i. 54, 5. His naman secgeaþ mid sealmum. Ps. Th. 65, 1.

þegen

(n.)
Grammar
þegen, þegn, þeng, þén, es; m.
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Wlance þegenas, unearge men, Byrht. Th. 137, 53; By. 205. Ne sceolon mé on ðære þeóde þegenas ætwítan (cf. stedefæste hæleð, 139, 5; By. 249), 138, 15; By. 220. ¶ The word is applied to Christ :-- Þegen mid þreáte, þeóden engla, Cd.

ymb

(prep.)
Grammar
ymb, ymbe, umbe, embe, emban; prep.
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Wé beót áhófon ymbe heard gewinn, Byrht. Th. 138, 3; By. 214. Ðislíc cýðan ymb dígle wyrd, Elen. Kmbl. 1077; El. 541. Ǽrendgewrit ymb Cristes þrowunga, Blickl. Homl. 177, 3. Fitte ymb fisca cynn, Exon. Th. 360, 6; Wal. 1.

arctos

(n.)
Grammar
arctos, acc. arcton; f. [ἄρκτος, m. f. a bear; ἄρκτος, f. the constellation Ursa Major, called also ἅμαξα, carles wǽn the churl's wain: the bright star in Boötes is denominated by ancient astronomers and poets Ἀρκτοῦρος, the bear-ward].

The constellation Ursa Major

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The constellation Ursa Major; arct-os, -us, i; f. = ἄρκτος, f Arcton hátte án tungol on norþ dǽle, se hæfþ seofon steorran, and is for ðí óðrum naman geháten, septemtrio, ðone hátaþ lǽwede menn carles wǽn. Se ne gǽþ nǽfre adúne under ðyssere eorþan,

Linked entries: carles wǽn Boéties

be-licgan

(v.)
Grammar
be-licgan, he -ligeþ, -líþ, pl. -licgaþ; p. -læg, pl. -lǽgon, ; pp. -legen; v. a. [be by, licgan to lie]

To lie or extend by or aboutto surroundencompasscircumdarecingere

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To lie or extend by or about, to surround, encompass; circumdare, cingere Hí belicgaþ us mid fyrde circumdabunt nos exercitu Jos. 7, 9. Sió eá Etheopia land beligeþ úton the river encompasseth the Ethiopian land Cd. 12; Th. 15, 7; Gen. 229. Me néd belæg

Linked entries: be-ligeþ be-líþ

be-pǽcan

(v.)
Grammar
be-pǽcan, part. be-pǽcende; p. be-pǽhte; pp. be-pǽht; v. a. [be by, pǽcan to deceive]

To deceiveenticeseducedraw awaydeciperepellicereilludereseducere

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To deceive, entice, seduce, draw away; decipere, pellicere, illudere, seducere Seó næddre bepǽhte me serpens decepit me Gen. 3, 13 : Mt. Bos. 2, 16 : Ælfc. Gr. 28, 5; Som. 32, 1. Ic bepǽce oððe forlǽde seduco, 47; Som. 48, 53 : Jud. 16, 5

Linked entry: be-pǽcung

(n.)
Grammar
bý, es; n?
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A dwelling, habitation; habitatio Se ðe hús oððe lytel [MS. lytelo] bý hæfde in byrgenum [MS. byrgennum] qui domicilium habebat in monumentis, Mk. Skt. Lind. 5, 3. Hence, by and bye in the termination of the names of places

Linked entry: býing

Cædmon

(n.)
Grammar
Cædmon, es; m. [Cædrnon, MS. C. C. C. Oxford: Cædrnon, Bd. 4, 24; S. 170, 50; Cedmon, S. 597, 12: Ceadmon, MS. B. S. 597, note 12: Cadmon, Runic Monmnts. by Prof. Stephens, fol. Cheapinghaven, 1868, p. 419, 11: cæd linter, mon homo]
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A man employed by the monks of Whitby in the care of their cattle in the early part of the seventh century. He is the first person of whom we possess any metrical composition in our vernacular language. So striking and similar are some of his thoughts

be-hǽs

(n.)
Grammar
be-hǽs, e; f. [be by, near, hǽs command]

A self-commandvowpromisebehestvotum

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A self-command, vow, promise. Hence our behest; votum He fela behǽsa behét he promised many vows Chr. 1093; Th. 359, 33

Dorm-ceaster

(n.)
Grammar
Dorm-ceaster, gen. -ceastre; f. [by the Britons called Cair-Dorm, by Antonīnus Durobrivæ, from the passage over the water; and the Anglo-Saxons, for the same reason, called it also Dornford]

Dornford or Dorgford, in Huntingdonshire, on the river Nen

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Dornford or Dorgford, in Huntingdonshire, on the river Nen, Som. Ben. Lye

Deór-bý

(n.)

Derby

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Derby, Chr. 1049; Erl. 195, 35

freógan

Grammar
freógan, <b>; II.</b> to love. Add:: to caress, show love by actions, v. ge-freógan; II.
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Cóm culfre and fleáh ymbe þone lýchaman and hyne freóde, Shrn. 154, 12

be-seón

(v.)
Grammar
be-seón, -sión, bi-seón; ic -seó, ðú -sihst, he -sihþ, -syhþ, pl. -seóþ; p. ic, he -seah, ðú -sáwe, pl. -sáwon; impert. -sih; pp. -sewen; [be by, near, about; seón to see]

to look about or aroundcircumspicereto see, look, beholdvidere, aspicereto go to see, visitvisere, visitare

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to look about or around; circumspicere Sóna ðá hí besáwon hí, nánne hí mid him ne gesáwon suddenly when they looked about them, they saw no one with him, Mk. Bos. 9, 8. Ðá he beseah, ðá geseah he olfendas when he looked about, then he saw the camels,

be-settan

(v.)
Grammar
be-settan, p. -sette, pl. -setton; pp. -seted, -sett; v. a. [be by, settan to set]

To BESET, set near, appoint, to place, own, posesscircumdare, collocare, ponere

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To BESET, set near, appoint, to place, own, posess; circumdare, collocare, ponere Seó cwén ða róde héht mid eorcnanstánum besettan [MS. besetton] the queen commanded them to beset the cross with jewels, Elen. Kmbl. 2049; El. 1026. Ic ðé mægene besette

Linked entry: bi-settan

be-sellan

(v.)
Grammar
be-sellan, p. -sealde, -salde, pl. -sealdon, -saldon; pp. -seald [be by, about, sellan to give]

To surround, bring oncircumdare, obducere

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To surround, bring on; circumdare, obducere Sinnihte beseald surrounded with perpetual night, Cd. 2; Th. 3, 27; Gen. 42

Linked entry: be-seald

be-sprecan

(v.)
Grammar
be-sprecan, part. -sprecende, ic -sprece, ðú -sprecest, -sprycst, he -spreceþ, -sprycþ, pl. -sprecaþ; p. -spræc, pl. -sprǽcon; pp. -sprecen, -spræcen; [be by, sprecan to speak]

To speak to, to tell, pretend, plead, speak against, to complain, charge, accuse, impeachobloqui

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To speak to, to tell, pretend, plead, speak against, to complain, charge, accuse, impeach; obloqui Fram stefne besprecendre oððe ofersprecendes a voce obloquentis, Ps. Lamb. 43, 17. Cristene Róma besprycþ Christian Rome complains, Ors. 2, 4; Bos. 44,