Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

æ
þ

heáf

Entry preview:

Nales þæt heáfe bewindeð, ne húru wæl wépeð wulf se grǽga not heard were his howls about that, nor cared the grey wolf for the carnage, Gn. Ex. 150. Byrnende for þám heáfe þǽre ásteópnesse orbitatis luctu aestuans, Gr. D. 164, 12.

gúþ-fana

(n.)
Grammar
gúþ-fana, -fona, an; m.

A military standard, ensign, banner ⬩ signum vexillum

Entry preview:

Ðǽr wǽron vii hund gúþfanena genumen there were seven hundred standards taken, 4, 1; Bos. 77, 29; Th. Chart. 430, 1. Under gúþfanum under the standards, Judth. 11; Thw. 24, 32; Jud. 219

swinsung

(n.)
Grammar
swinsung, e ; f.

melody, harmony ⬩ sound that is not harmonious

Entry preview:

Bebudon him gif hé mihte ðæt hé in swinsunge leóþsanges ðæt gehwyrfde praecipientes ei, si posset, hunc in modulationem carminis transferre, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 35. Swinsunga melos, Wrt.

Linked entries: dreám-swinsung swinsian

self-willes

(adv.)
Grammar
self-willes, adv.

Voluntarily ⬩ of one's own accord

Entry preview:

Ben. 28, 6. of things Ðonne his wæstmas weaxaþ sylfwilles quae sponte gignet humus, Lev. 25, 5. Sylfwilles(ultra) seó eorþe wæstm beraþ, Mk. Skt. 4, 28

Linked entry: self-will

BEORCAN

(v.)
Grammar
BEORCAN, ic beorce, he byrcþ; p. bearc, pl. burcon; pp. borcen [Icel. barki, m. guttur] .

to make a sharp explosive sound ⬩ latratum vel sonum edere ⬩ to BARK ⬩ latrare

Entry preview:

Ic hwílum beorce swá húnd I sometimes bark as a dog Exon. 106 b; Th. 406, 16; Rä. 25, 2. Húndbyrcþ canis latrat, Ælfc. Gr. 22; Som. 24, 8. Ne mæg he fram húndum beón borcen he may not be barked at by dogs Herb. 67, 2; Lchdm. i. 170, 17

Linked entry: borcian

dulmúnus

(n.)
Grammar
dulmúnus, gen. pl. dulmúna; m. The war-ship of the Greeks, which king Alfred assures us would hold a thousand men; longa nāvis. These ships were the μακρὰ πλοῖα or νῆες μακραί, generally called in Greek ὁ δρόμων, ωνος, m. the light war-vessel of the Greeks. They were the longæ nāves the long war-ships of the Romans, which had often more than fifty rowers. The Romans called their vessel drŏmo, ōnis, defining it as a fast rowing vessel, evidently deriving their word from the Greek δρόμων, Cod. Just. 1, 27, 1, § 8; Cassiod. Var. 5, 17, init. where it is described as 'trĭrēme vehĭcŭlum rēmōrum tantum nŭmĕrum prōdens, sed hŏmĭnum făcies dīlĭgenter abscondens.' Some suppose that Alfred derived his word dulmúnus from the Icel. drómundr, m. which Egilsson, in his Lexĭcon Poëtĭcum, Hafniæ, 8vo. 1860, explains 'nāves grandior, cūjus gĕnĕris tantum extra regiōnes septemtrionāles, ut in mări mediterrāneo, mentio fit,' S.E. i. 582, 3, Orkn. 82, 1, 3. Vigfusson, in his Icelandic-English Dictionary, 4to. Oxford, 1869-1874, in drómundr gives only the Latin and Greek, and O. H. Ger. drahemond as cognates. What Orosius, calls longas nāves, Alfred translates dulmúnus in Anglo-Saxon. As we read in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of A.D. 897; Th. i. 174, 4, Hét Ælfréd cyng timþrian lang-scipu ongén ða æscas king Alfred commanded to build long-ships against-, those ships, v. ÆSC IV.-Alfred, in his translation of Orosius, says
Entry preview:

He [Xersis] hæfde scipa ðæra mycclena dulmúna in M and ii hund he [Xerxes] had one thousand two hundred of the large ships, dulmunus, Ors. 2, 5; Bos. 46, 32, 33. v.

ræfter

(n.)
Grammar
ræfter, es; m.
Entry preview:

Ǽrest man ásmeáþ ðæs húses stede, and eác man ðæt timber beheáwþ, and ða syllan man fægere gefégþ, and ða beámas gelegþ, and ða ræftras tó ðære fyrste gefæstnaþ, Anglia viii. 324, 7-9

ge-niht

(n.)
Grammar
ge-niht, -nyht, es; n: e; f.

Abundance, fulness, sufficiency ⬩ abundantia, ūbertas ⬩ copia, abundantia

Entry preview:

Hý beóþ oferdrencte on ðære genihte ðínes húses inebriābuntur ab ūbertāte dŏmus tuæ, Ps. Th. 35, 8. To genihte in abundantia, Ps. Th. 77, 25, 27: 84, 6: Menol. Fox 364; Men. 183.

Linked entry: ge-nyht

un-clǽnness

(n.)
Grammar
un-clǽnness, e; f.

uncleanness ⬩ impurity ⬩ foulness ⬩ squalor ⬩ uncleanness ⬩ impurity ⬩ obscenity

Entry preview:

in a physical sense, uncleanness, impurity, foulness, squalor Suǽ huæd in húsum ðás ýð eft ástrægde beuærle unclǽnnisse quicquid in domibus haec unda resperserit careat inmunditia, Rtl. 121, 36.

Linked entry: un-clǽne

læs

(adv.; con.)
Grammar
læs, l. lǽs, and in last citation þinga for þing,
Entry preview:

Næfð nán man tó þæs hál eágan þæt hé ǽni hwíle mage lócigan ongeán þas sunnan þe wé hǽr geseóð, and húru þæs þe lǽs ( all the less ) gyf heó hefð unhále, Solil. H. 35, 1. Hys mé lyst swá læng swá lǽs, 36, 17.

spornan

Entry preview:

Se flǽscbana spearn hine mid his spuran, and hét hine ꝥ hé árise hunc interfector calce pulsavit ut surgeret, Gr. D. 254, 27. Yfel bið ðé sylfum ꝥ ðú spurne ongeán ðá gáde, Hml.

ǽfen-sang

Entry preview:

Sé ðe . . . dæghwámlíce his circan gesécan ne mæge, hé húru ðinga on ðám sunnandagnm . . . þider cume tó . . . Ǽfensange, Hml. A. 144, ii. Singan ǽfen oþþe nihtsange cantare vesperum aut completorium Coll. M. 34, 3. Ǽfensang vesperam, Angl.

smǽte

(adj.)
Grammar
smǽte, adj.

Refined, pure

Entry preview:

Beág on ðam siex hund wæs smǽtes goldes gescyred sceatta Exon. Th. 324, 8; Víd. 91: Salm. Kmbl. 29; Sal. 15. On smǽtum in obrizum Hpt. Gl. 449, 10. Hé hét smiðian of smǽtum golde áne lytle róde Homl. Th. ii. 304, 16: Homl. Skt. i. 2, 113

hind

(n.)
Grammar
hind, e; f.

A hind, ⬩ the female of the hart

Entry preview:

Secan heorotas and hinda to hunt harts and hinds, Bt. Met. Fox 19, 33; Met. 19, 17

á-werian

(v.)

to defend against attack ⬩ to protect from hurt ⬩ secure

Entry preview:

Hié þá ceastre áweredon, 885; P. 78, 12: Ors. 4, 13; S. 210, 33. to protect from hurt, secure Wé áweriað ús mid þǽre segene, áweriað eów mid þǽre láre fremminge, Hml. Th. ii. 402, 26. Wé willað áwerian ús, Ll.

Linked entries: werian eald-a-wered

FǼGE

(adj.)
Grammar
FǼGE, def. se fǽga, seó, ðæt fǽge; comp. -ra; sup. -est; adj.

fated, doomed, destined ⬩ prŏpĕræ morti dēvōtus, cui mors immĭnet ⬩ dead, killed, slain ⬩ mortuus, occīsus ⬩ accursed, condemned ⬩ execrātus, damnātus

Entry preview:

Ofer ðæt fǽge hús over the dead house, Elen. Kmbl. 1759; El. 881. Hirdas lǽgon gǽsne on greóte, fǽgra flǽschaman the keepers lay lifeless on the sand, the carcases of the slain, Andr. Kmbl. 2171; An. 1087.

restan

(v.)
Grammar
restan, ;p.; te

To rest ⬩ to cease from toil, be at rest ⬩ to rest on a couch, to sleep ⬩ to rest in death, lie dead, lie in the grave ⬩ to remain unmoved; or; undisturbed, be still ⬩ To rest one's self ⬩ of cessation from toil

Entry preview:

On ðæt hús ðe heó hié inne reste, Blickl. Homl. 147, 2. Ðonne hé reste hine, ðonne wæs his seó æþeleste ræst on nacodre eorþan, Cd. Th. 95, 25; Gen. 1584

Linked entry: ræstan

swegel

(n.)
Grammar
swegel, swegl, es; n.

in a physical sense, heaven, sky ⬩ heaven ⬩ as the abode of the Deity ⬩ as the abode of the blessed ⬩ the sun ⬩ a sail, ⬩ music

Entry preview:

Weorðeþ his (the phenix) hús onhǽted þurh hádor swegel (cloudless sky, cf. hádrum heofone, Met. 28, 48; or bright sun, v. III., and cf. hádor sægl, Andr. Kmbl. 2911; An. 1458) Exon.

Linked entries: be-falden swegel-horn swegl

norþ

(adv.)
Grammar
norþ, adv.
Entry preview:

Fela hund manna hí námon, and lǽddon norð mid heom, 1064; P. 192, 9. Hit is án hund and syfan and fíftig mila lang súð and norð, Ors. 1, 1; S. 28, 8.

ge-standan

(v.)
Entry preview:

Babylonia gestód tuwa seofon hund wintra on hiere onwealde, Ors. 6, I; S. 252, 6. not to fall, be upheld Tó dǽm ðæt hí sién árǽrde and gestonden on ryhtum weorce, Past. 443, 35. Hú mæg gestonde ríc his?, Mt. L. 12, 26 : Mk. L.

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