tó-brecan
To break, ⬩ break in pieces ⬩ to break in two, ⬩ to break to pieces, ⬩ break up, ⬩ to separate into parts by striking or pulling ⬩ to overthrow, ⬩ break down, ⬩ ruin, ⬩ destroy, ⬩ put into confusion, ⬩ rout, ⬩ to destroy, ⬩ crush ⬩ to take by assault ⬩ to break a promise, pledge, etc., ⬩ to infringe, ⬩ violate ⬩ to break, ⬩ interrupt
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Ðú mé tóbrǽce (disrupisti) bendas grimme, Ps. Th. 115, 7. Hé ðone hláf tóbræc on twá, Blickl. Homl. 181, 16. Ða ǽrenan scyttelas hé ealle tóbræc, 85, 7. Hé tóbræc hire (the lion's) ceaflas mid his barum handum, Ælfc.T. Grn. 7, 16.
þreá
rebuke ⬩ reproof ⬩ threat ⬩ chastisement ⬩ correction ⬩ punishment ⬩ an infliction that has been deserved ⬩ justifiable severity ⬩ an infliction (where no idea of correction is implied) ⬩ evil ⬩ ill ⬩ pang ⬩ plague ⬩ calamity ⬩ affliction
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Þreá wǽron þearle, þegnas grimme, 135, 4; Gú. 519. Monge ðreá ( flagella ) synfulra, Ps. Surt. 31, 10. Wé ðec for þreáum and for ðeónýdum (for þearfum and for þreánýdum, Exon. Th. 186, 3) árna biddaþ, Cd. Th. 234, 18; Dan. 294.
Linked entry: bróh-þreá
ge-þóht
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Hí sméþe sprǽce habbað and in gástcofan grimme geþóhtas, Leás. 13. what is thought out, a device, design Geþóht (molimina) mentis, An. Ox. 26, 4. Forweorðað ealle þá geþóhtas þe hí þóhtan ǽr peribunt omnes cogitationes eorum, Ps.
Linked entry: þóht
FǼMNE
A virgin, damsel, maid, woman ⬩ virgo, puella, fēmĭna
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Be ðære grimman untrumnysse ðære fǽmnan de acerba puellæ infirmĭtāte, Bd. 3, 9; S. 534, 7: 4, 8; S. 576, 11. Cirliscre fǽmnan of a churlish woman; L. Alf. pol. 11; Th. i. 68, 14: L. Alf. 29; Th. i. 52, 7: Apstls. Kmbl. 57; Ap. 29.
Linked entry: fémne
wítega
a wise man ⬩ one who has knowledge ⬩ one who has knowledge from a superhuman source ⬩ prophet ⬩ wise man ⬩ diviner ⬩ soothsayer ⬩ a presage
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Hí wítegan (praesagae ) wǽron grimmes wæles, Bd. 5, 23; S. 645, 26. Wítegum praesagminibus, Hpt. Gl. 448, 64
Linked entry: wítiga
geár
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Wæs se winter þý geáre grim, 213, 31. Perseus wæs ealne þone geár Rómáne swencende, Ors. 4, ll; S. 208, 13 : 3, 5 ; S. 106, 10. Þá sylfan tíd síde herigeas habbað foreweard geár.
réðe
Fierce, cruel, savage ⬩ severe, stern, austere, zealous ⬩ wild, savage, fierce; ⬩ severe, cruel, fierce, dire;
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Grim and grǽdig, reóc and réðe (;Grendel;) Beo. Th. 244; B. 122. Ðá wæs ellenwód, yrre and réðe, frécne and ferþgrim fæder wið dehter, Exon. Th. 251, 5; Jul. 140.
Linked entry: hréðe
swincan
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On hú grimmum seáðe swinceþ ðæt sweorcende mód, Met. 3, 2. Ic swanc (laboravi) on minre geómrunge. Ps. Lamb, 6, 7. Ð ám wífum ðe æfter beorþre on sumum stówum swincen, Lchdm. i. 344, 2. [Cf.
sacu
strife, contention, dissension, sedition, dispute ⬩ distress, trouble, affliction, persecution ⬩ crime, guilt ⬩ a contention at law, a suit, cause, action
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Ben. 124, 9. distress, trouble, affliction, persecution Ðǽr eów is sacu bútan ende grim gǽstcwalu in hell is trouble without end for you devils, fierce torment of spirit, Exon. Th. 142, 27; Gú. 650.
yfel
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Yfla gehwylc, grimme gieltas, Exon. Th. 229, 25; Ph. 460. Tó eácan óþrum unárímedum yflum hé ðone pápan hét ofsleán, Bt. 1; Fox 2, 11. Hié nǽnige bóte dón noldan, ah hié on heora yfelum þurhwunedon, Blickl. Homl. 79, 8: Ps. Th. 105, 25.
wlanc
proud ⬩ high-spirited ⬩ bold ⬩ proud ⬩ bold ⬩ arrogant ⬩ haughty ⬩ insolent ⬩ proud ⬩ elate ⬩ exultant ⬩ splendid ⬩ great ⬩ high ⬩ august ⬩ magnificent ⬩ rich
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Similar entries v. wlencu, Hé (a dog) leánaþ grimme ðe hine wloncne weorþan lǽteþ, Exon. Th. 434, 13; Rä. 51, 10. Ða wlanca[n] scamléstan frontosam (elationis) impudentiam, Hpt. Gl. 526, 5.
Linked entry: wlencu
hát
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Se grimma hungor ne se háta þurst, Rä. 44, 3. Sume hí cuwon heora gescý . . . for ðǽre micclan angsumnysse ðæs hátan hungres, Hml. Th. i. 404, 6. Hátum bryne torrido (coe*-*nobialis vitae) rigore, An. Ox. 2705.
ge-hwirfan
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R. 4, 12. to change for the worse, pervert, corrupt Þá cóm semninga grim wól ofer ðá gehwyrfdon módes menn (gehweorfdan menn módes, v. l.) interea subito corruptae mentis homines acerba pestis corripuit Bd.
Linked entry: ge-hweorfan
winter
a season of the year ⬩ winter ⬩ wintry weather ⬩ cold ⬩ a year
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Ðæt hit wǽre wintres tíd, and se winter wǽre grim and ceald and fyrstig and mid íse gebunden, Bd. 3, 19; S. 549, 26. Is ðǽr nú irfæs ðæs ðæs stranga wintær lǽfæd hæfð, Chart. Th. 163, 1. Nys hit swá stearc winter ðæt ic durre lutian æt hám, Coll.
Linked entries: ǽ-wintre-cyning -wintre
wíg
fight ⬩ battle ⬩ war ⬩ conflict ⬩ valour ⬩ troops
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Him wíge forstód fæder frumsceafta, wearð him seó feohte tó grim, Exon. Th. 317, 14; Mód. 65. Heald mé here*-*wǽpnum wið unholdum, and wíge belúc feóndum effunde frameam, et conclude adversus eos Ps. Ben. 34, 3. Wígge, Beo. Th. 3545 ; B. 1770.
for-gildan
to pay back ⬩ restore ⬩ pay damages ⬩ to pay for ⬩ buy off ⬩ to repay ⬩ pay out ⬩ requite ⬩ to pay ⬩ perform
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Hý him grimme forguldon þone wígcræft þe hý æt him geleornodon vincere, dum vincitur, edocuit, Ors. 1, 2; S. 30, 7. Mid hwám hié hit ðé forgielden (retribuant), Past. 323, 24. Hé wolde Grendle forgyldan gúðrǽsa fela, B. 1577.
sǽl
time, occasion ⬩ a fit time, season, opportunity, ⬩ circumstance, condition ⬩ happiness, good fortune, good time, prosperity
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Storm oft holm gebringeþ in grimmum sǽlum storm oft brings ocean into a furious condition, Exon. Th. 336, 20; Gn. Ex. 52. Jacob byþ on glædum sǽlum exultabit Jacob, Ps. Th. 52, 8. Hæfdan beorgas blíðe sǽle montes exultaverunt, 113, 14.
Linked entry: sél
HÚ
How
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Eálá on hú grimmum and on hú grundleásum seáðe swinceþ ðæt sweorcende mód, Bt. Met.
fæste
shaken ⬩ firmly ⬩ fast ⬩ urgently ⬩ strictly ⬩ solemnly ⬩ securely ⬩ fast ⬩ fast ⬩ speedily ⬩ at once
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Hé þá grimman góman bihlemmeð fæste tógædre, Wal. 77. Wearð sé hálga wong þurh feóndes searo fæste bitýned Ph. 419. so as to make secure.
Linked entry: fæstlíce
lác
- [v. Shrn. pp. 3-4],
battle ⬩ struggle ⬩ an offering ⬩ sacrifice ⬩ oblation ⬩ a gift ⬩ present ⬩ grace ⬩ favour ⬩ service ⬩ a present ⬩ offering of words ⬩ a message ⬩ medicine
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But in the latter language the more frequent meanings are those of offering, gift, and to connect these with the preceding ones Grimm notes the association of dancing and playing with offerings and sacrifices.