Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

H

Grammar
H, IN Anglo-Saxon the letter h represents the guttural aspirate and the pure spirant. In later English the guttural h is generally represented by gh, e. g. leóht light, heáh high. Under certain circumstances h takes the place of c and g, see those letters. In. some cases it is dropped, e. g. bleó for bleoh; seón, p. seah; nabban = ne habban. In the Northumbrian specimens the use of the initial h, especially in the combinations hl, hn, hr, is uncertain, e. g. eorta = heorta, haald = ald, hlíf = líf, lysta = hlysta, hnett = nett, nesc = hnesc, hræst = ræst, ræfn = hræfn. The name of the Runic letter was hægl
Entry preview:

hail Hægl byþ hwítust corna, Runic pm. 9; Kmbl. 341, 4; the forms accompanying the poem and given by Kemble are these, RUNE RUNE RUNE

BLÍÐE

(adj.)
Grammar
BLÍÐE, comp. blíðra; superl. blíðost; def. se blíða, seó, ðæt blíðe; adj.
Entry preview:

Wæs Iethro blíðe for eallum ðám þingum, ðe Drihten dyde Israhéla folce Jethro was glad for all the things, which the Lord did for the people of Israel, Ex. 18, 9.

wyn-sum

(adj.)
Grammar
wyn-sum, adj.

winsomeagreeablepleasantpleasantjoyous

Entry preview:

His englas, ealra folca mǽst, wereda wynsumast, Cd. Th. 42, 8; Gen. 671. in reference to the conduct of living creatures Swǽs vel wynsum eucharis, Wrt. Voc. i. 61, 17: ii. 32, 52. Wynsum (suavis ) is Dryhten, Ps. Surt. 33, 9: Ps. Th. 85, 4.

ge-hwá

(n.; adj.; pronoun.)
Grammar
ge-hwá, <b>A.</b> as noun.
Entry preview:

Freá folca gehwæs, Dan. 401. Góda gehwæs, An. 338 : Jul. 323. In daga gehwám, Dan. 287. Wið níða gehwám, Ph. 451. On healfa gehwám, Exod. 209: An. 121. Of ǽdra gehwǽre, Gen. 1374. In mǽgða gehwǽre, B. 25. On healfa gehwore (-hwone?)

lagu

(n.)
Grammar
lagu, <b>. I.</b>
Entry preview:

Hí eallum folce góde lage (fulle lagu, v. l. ) behéton, 1052 ; P. 180, 33. (In the passages from the Chroniclee ) <b>I a.</b> where the state is named On Cantwara lage, Ll. Th. i. 330, 17. On Engla lage, Wlfst. 311, 4. <b>I b.

rǽdan

(v.)
Grammar
rǽdan, <b>II a.</b>
Entry preview:

Th. ii. 382, 34. to read aloud Móises rǽdde his bóc þám folce, Ex. 24, 7. On rǽdingsceamele synd rǽdde in pulpito recitantur, leguntur, An. Ox. 4814. intrans. or absolute to read to oneself Þonne ongyte sé þe rǽt (rédes, L. R. legit), Mk. 13, 14.

rodor

(n.)
Grammar
rodor, rador, es; m.
Entry preview:

Siððan wæs rodor árǽred and ryne tungla, folde gefæstnad, Exon. Th. 272, 12; Jul. 498. Radores aethrae (MS. uetre ), Wrt. Voc. ii. 92, 43.

Linked entry: rador

wíf-mann

(n.)
Grammar
wíf-mann, (wím-, wim-?), es; m. (but seó wífman occurs). I.
Entry preview:

Hæleþa gemót, wítgena weorod, wífmonna þreát, fela fǽmnena, folces unrím, 462, 7 ; Hö. 48. Wǽpmanna sang and wífmanna sang, Homl. Th. i. 442, 1. Wæs micel ege from ðǽm wífmonnum ( the Amazons ), Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 46, 27.

Linked entry: wím-man

óðer

(n.; num.; adj.; pronoun.)
Grammar
óðer, indef. prn.
Entry preview:

Ðæt geleáfulle folc Iudéa, and eác óðor manig ða ðe beóþ Gode underþeódde, 79, 31. Ðás wundor and manig óðer, 219, 22. Óðre wundro manega, 177, 18. Augustinum and óðre monige munecas, Bd. I. 23 ; S. 485, 27.

MÆGEN

(n.)
Grammar
MÆGEN, es; n.

MAINmightstrengthforcepowervigourefficacyvirtuefacultyabilityan exercise of powerefforta mighty workmiraclea forcemilitary force

Entry preview:

Mægen, folc Ebréa, Judth. 12; Thw. 25, 15, 10; Jud. 261, 253. Werod, módigra mægen, Cd. 147; Th. 184, 2; Exod. 101: 158; Th. 197, 1; Exod. 300. Mægen forþgewát, 160; Th. 199, 30; Exod. 346.

Linked entry: mægn

níþ

(n.)
Grammar
níþ, es; m.

envyhatredenmityrancorspiteill-willjealousyaction which arises from hatredstrifewarhostilitythe effect of hatredpersecutiontroublevexationannoyanceafflictiontribulationgriefevilwickednessmalice

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Hió mid wíflíce níþe wæs feohtende on ðæt underiende folc she (Semiramis) with a woman's rancor was carrying on war against that harmless people, Ors. 1, 2; Swt. 30, 19.

níd

(n.)
Grammar
níd, neád, néd, neód, niéd, nýd, es; n.: e; f.

necessityinevitablenessnecessityneedurgent requirementa necessary businessdutyneedwhat one wantsnecessityneeddifficultyhardshipdistressforcecompulsion

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Eádsige hine wel lǽrde and tó his ágenre neóde and ealles folces manude ( exhorted him with regard to his duty as king ), Chr. 1043; Erl.168, 5. Hé wolde gán embe his neóde forþ, Homl. Th. i. 290, 18. Gafele ł nédde (neáde?)

GEÁTAS

(n.)
Grammar
GEÁTAS, Iótas, Iútas, Eótenas

the JutesJutæGAUTSGauti in SueciaΓαυτοί,

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From the Ynglinga-Saga, c. 5, we learn that before the time of Skiold, the seat of the Danish kings was in Reitgothland = Jutland, but Skiold transferred it to Lethra in Seeland, of which he was the founder Cómon hí of þrím folcum ðám strangestan Germanie

wilisc

(adj.)
Grammar
wilisc, adj.
Entry preview:

Wylsce menn geslógan mycelne dǽl Englisces folces Chr. 1053; Erl. 188, 9. Ða Wylisce menn hí gegaderodon, and wið ða Frencisce ðe on Walon wǽron gewinn up áhófon, 1094 ; Erl. 230, 32. Hengest and Æsc gefuhton wiþ Walas, and .xii.

ge-féran

(v.)
Entry preview:

S. 25, 730. (4 a) with clause :-- Hafast þú geféred þæt þám folcum sceal sacu restan, B. 1855. to bring about, effect Biówulfe wearð dryhtmáðma dǽl deáðe forgolden, hæfde ǽghwæðre ( for Beowulf and the fire-drake ] ende geféred lǽnan lífes, B. 2844.

leód

(n.)
Grammar
leód, es; pl. [which is more frequent] leóde; m.

A manpoeta princemenpeoplecountry

Entry preview:

Hit ná geweorþan sceolde ðæt se wǽre leóda cyning se ðe ǽr wæs folce þeów it ought not to be, that he that had been a servant to a people, should be a king of men, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 178, 21.

Linked entries: leóde leód-geld

æfter

(prep.; adv.)
Entry preview:

Wé móston búian æfter ðám folce, Ps. Th. 28, 8. Faran gind lond swá swá lǽce æfter untrumra monna húsum, Past. 59, 23. Hé æfter wudum fór and on mórfæstenum, Chr. 878; P. 74, 29. Fóron hié æfter ðǽm wealda, 894; P. 84, 27.

wilnian

(v.)
Grammar
wilnian, p. ode.
Entry preview:

Hwæt (hwæs, v. l. ) hé wilnian sceal, Bt. 40, 7; Fox 242, 18. with infinitive Ða ðe wilniaþ fretan mín folc, Ps. Th. 13, 9. Willniaþ raple þurh mistlíce paþas cuman tó ánum ende diverso calle, sed d unum finem nititur pervenire .

Linked entry: willnian

hál

Entry preview:

Hé hys folc hál gedéð fram hyra synnum, Mt. 1, 21. God wile ꝥ ealle menn hále beón, Hml. S. 30, 92: Lk. 8, 12. in forms of greeting. with verb Hál westú, Maria ave, Maria, Bl. H. 143, 17: Lch. iii. 54, 18.

healf

(n.)
Grammar
healf, e; f.

Sidepartsidehandbesidedisputebehalfaccountsidequarterdirection

Entry preview:

Hé gesette twá folc on twá healfa his, S. 174, 32. Hié selfe wǽron on þǽm midmestan, and þá óþre on twá healfa hiera, 5, 12; S. 242, 4. Behealde hé on feówer healfe his, Bt. 19; F. 68, 22: Ll.