Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

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Lǽden

(n.)
Grammar
Lǽden, es; n.

Latin ⬩ speech ⬩ language

Entry preview:

Sum mæssepreóst cúðe be dǽle Lýden understandan a certain mass-priest could understand Latin partially, Ælfc. Gen. Thw. p. 1, 20. [Cf. Icel.

Linked entries: Léden lýden

ge-standan

(v.)
Grammar
ge-standan, -stondan; p. -stód, pl. -stódon; pp. -standen.

to stand ⬩ stand still ⬩ remain ⬩ last ⬩ exist ⬩ be ⬩ stāre ⬩ mănēre. existĕre ⬩ esse ⬩ to stand against any one ⬩ oppose ⬩ oppress ⬩ attack ⬩ urge ⬩ seize ⬩ insurgĕre ⬩ ingruĕre ⬩ urgĕre ⬩ corrĭpĕre

Entry preview:

Æfter ðære béne gestóden him mæssan after the prayer they attended mass, Homl. Th. ii. 272, 15. Hie on eallum heora lífe orleahtre gestódan they continued blameless in all their life, Blickl. Homl. 163, 17, 4.

Linked entry: ge-stondan

Ælfríc

(n.)
Grammar
Ælfríc, es; m. [ælf, ríc]

Ælfric ⬩ Ælfricus

Entry preview:

Ic Ælfríc, munuc and mæssepreóst... wearþ asend, on Æðelrédes dæge cyninges, fram Ælfeáge biscope, Aðelwoldes æftergengan, to sumum mynstre, ðe is Cernel gehaten, þurh Æðelmæres bene ðæs þegenes I Ælfric, monk and mass-priest... was sent, in king Æthelred

stæpe

(n.)
Grammar
stæpe, stepe, es; pl. stæpas, stapas, stæpe; m.
Entry preview:

</b> that on which the lower part of any thing rests, the step of a mast, a pedestal :-- Stepe bassis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 12, 50. Hig fæstniaþ ðone stepe þurh ða þilinge, Shrn. 35, 14. Tredelas vel stæpas bases, Wrt. Voc. i. 21, 48.

heáp

a band ⬩ company ⬩ the clergy ⬩ a choir ⬩ an army ⬩ a host ⬩ a troop ⬩ company ⬩ a crew ⬩ a collection ⬩ in company ⬩ together

Entry preview:

Þá ylcan heápas þára fýra idem globi ignium, 619, 5. a raised mass of material In heáp bið gesamnod conprehendatur, Wrt. Voc: ii. 58, 56. On heáp in cumulum (turgescens pontus in cumulum creverit, Ald. 34, 26), An. Ox. 7, 163.

twégen

(n.; num.; adj.)
Grammar
twégen, (twegen? In the later MSS. of the Gospels tweigen and twegen are found, but ei may represent earlier e, e. g. weig, Lk. 1, 79, eige, 2, 9; or é, e. g. wreigende, 23, 10, wreigeð, 23, 14: Layamon has tweiȝe, tweien: in the Ormulum the form is tweȝȝen); m.: twá, twuá; f.: tú, tuu, twá; n.: gen. twéga, twégea, tweágea, twíga, twégera, twégra (later Gospels have tweigre, tweire); dat. twám, twǽm. Besides these West Saxon are the following forms, nom. acc. twǽgen, twœgen, tuoegi, tuoege, tuóge, tuoe, tué; m.: f. tuoege: gen. tuoega, tuoe, twégen, tuoegara,twoegra, tuoera.
Entry preview:

Two. used adjectivally Tuégen stridi passus, Txts. 85, 1510. Twégen (twǽgen, MS. E.) aldormen, Chr. 822; Erl. 62, 12. Twégen englas, Gen. 19, 1. Óþre twégen sealmas, R. Ben. 37, 11. Twǽgen míne mégas, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 310, 23. Twoegen gibróþæra, Txts

Linked entries: tú tuu twá

stregdan

(v.)
Grammar
stregdan, [There are two verbs of this form, a strong and a weak. The conjugation is further complicated by the frequent loss of g, so that forms of the strong verb are found (?) belonging to two classes (cf. bregdan): while in the Northern Gospels strong and weak inflections are combined in the same word. The two verbs are here put together] ; ic stregde, strigde, stréde, hé stregdeþ, strigdeþ, strét; p. (strong) strægd, pl. strugdon and strǽdon (v. strédun, Mk. 11, 8: but the form may be weak = strægdon) : (weak) stregde, strédde, strugde (North.); pp. (strong) strogden : (weak) stregd, stréded, stréd
Entry preview:

To strew, spread, scatter, sprinkle. to strew something Se ðe ne somnigas streigdæs que non congregat, spargit. Mt. Kmbl. 12, 30. Geswerc swé swé eascan strigdeþ (spargit), Ps. Surt. 147, 16. Monige ðæt wæter on ádlige men strédaþ. Bd. 3, 2; S. 524,

Linked entries: strédan strégan

ge-sceaft

Entry preview:

Add: a masc. pl. ge-sceaftas occurs. what is created, all created things, creation Twá ðing syndon; án is Scyppend, óðer is gesceaft . . . þæt is gesceaft, þæt se sóða Scyppend gesceóp.

eo

(n.)
Grammar
eo, I. unaccented, generally stands before two consonants lc, ld, lf, rc, rd, rf, rg, rh, rl, rm, rn, rp, rr, rt, rþ, x; as, Geolca a yolk, sceolde should, seolfor silver, deorc dark, sweord a sword, ceorfan to carve, beorgan to protect, beorht bright, eorl earl, beorma barm, eornost earnest, weorpan to throw, steorra a star, heorte the heart, eorþe the earth, meox dung. II. eó accented, the diphthong, generally stands before the consonants c, d, f, g, h, l, m, n, p, r, s, st, t, w; as, Seóc sick, beódan to bid, þeóf a thief, fleógan to fly, hreóh rough, hweól a wheel, leóma a ray of light, beón to be, deóp deep, beór beer, ceosan to choose, breóst the breast, fleótan to float, leóþ a song, ceówan to chew. 2. eó is also the termination of many words, and then the ó in eó is always accented; as, Beó a bee; ic beó

I shall be

Entry preview:

I shall be; freó free; gleó glee; seó the; seó sim, sis, sit; treó a tree; breó three, etc

LECGAN

(v.)
Grammar
LECGAN, p. legde, lægde, léde

to lay ⬩ place ⬩ put ⬩ lay ⬩ to slay

Entry preview:

Lecgan ðone mæst to lower the mast, Bt. 41, 3; Fox 250, 15. Ægru lecgan to lay eggs, Lchdm. iii. 204, 30.

crisma

(n.)
Grammar
crisma, an; m. [chrisma, ătis, n. = χρῖσμα, ατος; n. an unction, from χρίω [fut. χρίσω] I touch the surface of a body, I rub or anoint]

χρῖσμα, ατος ⬩ χρίσω ⬩ the chrism ⬩ unction or holy oil, used for anointing by the Roman Catholic church after baptism ⬩ oleum chrismatis ⬩ the white vesture, called chrisom, which the minister puts upon the child immediately after dipping it in water, or pouring water upon it in baptism ⬩ chrismale, id est, vestis candida, quæ super corpus baptlzati ponitur.

Entry preview:

On ðam háligan fante, ǽrðanðe ge hý fullian, ge scylon dón crisman on Cristes róde tácne; and man ne mót besprengan men mid ðæm fantwætere, syððan se crisma biþ ðǽron gedón O ye mass-priests, my brethren, we will now say to you what we have not before

Linked entries: crism-lýsing crysma

samod

(adv.)
Grammar
samod, adv.

Together. ⬩ and, both . . . and, also, too

Entry preview:

Hé eal innan samod forswǽled wæs within he was one mass of inflammation, Homl. Th. i. 86, 5. marking association of similar objects or circumstances, with nearly the force of and, both . . . and, also, too Somod jamque, Wrt. Voc. ii. 45, 31.

ceorl

Entry preview:

Dele first passage under <b>II,</b> and add: a man, male person Ceorl mas, Wrt. Voc. ii. 58, 39. Ciorl vir, Kent. Gl. 1195. <b>I a.</b> poet, a (noble) man :-- Snotor ceorl monig, B. 908. Gomelum ceorle, 2444; 2972.

topp

(n.)
Grammar
topp, es; m.

a top, ⬩ summit ⬩ a lock of hair, tuft ⬩ a collection of rays of light ⬩ a top to play with ⬩ the hair at the top of the head ⬩ that which has a similarity with it

Entry preview:

Top or cop of an hey thynge cacumen, top of a maste carchesia, Prompt. Parv. 496. It is found, too, as the name of a plaything En la rue vus juvetz a toup (a top of tre), Wrt. Voc. i. 144, 25. Top of chylderys pley trochus, Prompt. Parv. 496.

sumer-lida

(n.)
Grammar
sumer-lida, an; m. [Lida, like the equivalent Icel. liði in sumar-liði, elsewhere refers to a single object, man or ship (v. lida, sǽ-, ýð-lida), but in the passage given below from the Chronicle seems to mean a fleet. Later in the same work liþ (q. v.), which seems taken from the Scandinavians, is used in this sense, e. g. ðæt lið ðæt on Sandwíc læg, 1052; Erl. 183, 40, can sumer-lida be intended to represent Norse sumar-lið? In one other place sumer-lida occurs, in company with words relating to the sea, and it there glosses malleolus; but here perhaps sumer-loda should be read, and malleolus be taken in the sense shoot, twig (see spæc); cf. O. H. Ger. sumar-lota, -lata virgultum, palmes. v. Anglia xiii. 330.]
Entry preview:

A summer fleet, one that sets forth in summer and returns in autumn Æfter ðissum gefeohte cuom micel sumorlida (tó Reádingum, MS. E.), Chr. 871; Erl. 74, 35. [Steenstrup takes the word to mean a force moving from its quarters in England, and leaving

hláf

bread ⬩ a loaf ⬩ cake ⬩ bread ⬩ bread ⬩ manna ⬩ cake

Entry preview:

Th. 77, 25. a loaf-shaped mass, cake of material Hláf wexenne (cf. weax-hláf) niman freó[n]dscipas níwe gefégð panem cerarium accipere, amicitias nouas iungit (Archiv, cxxv. 63), Lch. iii. 210, 2

Linked entry: hláf-gang

híréd

Grammar
híréd, l. híred,

a family ⬩ a family ⬩ house ⬩ the family ⬩ court

Entry preview:

H. 44, 16. the inferior clerks attendant upon the mass-priest Se biscop sceal þrafian þá mæssepreóstas ꝥ hié þone híred þe hié ofer beóþ, and þá lǽwedan men þe hié aldormen ofer beón sceoldan, ꝥ hié þǽm ne geþafian ꝥ hié heora líf on wóh lifgean, Bl.

Linked entries: híred-cniht híred-geréfa híred-lic híred-mann híred-preóst

ge-

(prefix)
Grammar
ge-, Both ge- and gi- are used in the oldest glossaries: e. g. on
  • p. 48 of O. E. T.
nine words with the prefix occur; in four cases both the Epinal and Erfurt glosses have gi-, in one they have ge-, in two the Epinal has ge- where the Erfurt has gi-, and in two the Epinal has gi- where the other has ge-. In each case the
  • Corpus Gloss.
has ge-. In this glossary, however, gi- is found, e. g. gi-brec,
  • 2152
, and in later glossaries also, e. g. gi-mynd,
  • Wrt. Voc. ii. 53, 73.
Besides the forms given may be noted ga-eddun,
  • Erf. 75
; gy-byrdid,
  • Ep. 228.
In the
  • Durham Ritual
the regular form is gi-.
Entry preview:

Add:

dulmúnus

(n.)
Grammar
dulmúnus, gen. pl. dulmúna; m. The war-ship of the Greeks, which king Alfred assures us would hold a thousand men; longa nāvis. These ships were the μακρὰ πλοῖα or νῆες μακραί, generally called in Greek ὁ δρόμων, ωνος, m. the light war-vessel of the Greeks. They were the longæ nāves the long war-ships of the Romans, which had often more than fifty rowers. The Romans called their vessel drŏmo, ōnis, defining it as a fast rowing vessel, evidently deriving their word from the Greek δρόμων, Cod. Just. 1, 27, 1, § 8; Cassiod. Var. 5, 17, init. where it is described as 'trĭrēme vehĭcŭlum rēmōrum tantum nŭmĕrum prōdens, sed hŏmĭnum făcies dīlĭgenter abscondens.' Some suppose that Alfred derived his word dulmúnus from the Icel. drómundr, m. which Egilsson, in his Lexĭcon Poëtĭcum, Hafniæ, 8vo. 1860, explains 'nāves grandior, cūjus gĕnĕris tantum extra regiōnes septemtrionāles, ut in mări mediterrāneo, mentio fit,' S.E. i. 582, 3, Orkn. 82, 1, 3. Vigfusson, in his Icelandic-English Dictionary, 4to. Oxford, 1869-1874, in drómundr gives only the Latin and Greek, and O. H. Ger. drahemond as cognates. What Orosius, calls longas nāves, Alfred translates dulmúnus in Anglo-Saxon. As we read in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of A.D. 897; Th. i. 174, 4, Hét Ælfréd cyng timþrian lang-scipu ongén ða æscas king Alfred commanded to build long-ships against-, those ships, v. ÆSC IV.-Alfred, in his translation of Orosius, says
Entry preview:

Ǽr he [Ercol] ongan mid Creáca scypum, ðe mon dulmúnus hǽt, ðe man segþ ðæt in scip mǽge in þúsend manna before he [Hercules] began with Grecian ships, which are called dulmunus, of which it is said that one ship can hold a thousand men, Ors. 1, 10; Bos

sulung

(n.)
Grammar
sulung, e; f. A Kentish word for a certain quantity of land, derived, like carrucata, from a name of the plough; from its origin it might mean, so much land as could be cultivated by one plough. From the first two passages given below it would seem that the sulung was equivalent to two hides (manentes), and later a solanda, which is probably the same word, is said 'per se habere duas hidas.' v. Seebohm, Vill. Comm., p. 54. But perhaps it may be inferred that both hide and sulung were considered as on the same footing as regards the plough. Thus to the gebúr with his gyrd landes, i. e. one quarter of a hide, are to be given two oxen, L. R. S. 4; Th. i. 434, 23, while a gift of half a sulung is accompanied by the further gift of four oxen, Chart. Th. 470, 9-14. v. Seebohm, pp. 138-9, and generally. In the Domesday Survey of Kent the assessment was given by solins, and the word remained in use. v. Pegge's Kenticisms, s.v.
Entry preview:

sulling Aliquam terrae partiunculam, hoc est duarum manentium ... ritu Cantiae án sulung dictum, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 249, 19. Terrae particula duarum manentium, id est, án sulung, 250, 8. Yc gean intó Cristes cyrican on Cantwarabyrig ðæs landes æt Holungaburnan

Linked entry: swulung

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