Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

æ
þ

winter

(n.)
Grammar
winter, es; m. (in pl. a neuter form wintru occurs, as well as masculine wintras, winter: the dat. sing. wintra is a trace of earlier u-stem declension).

a season of the year ⬩ winter ⬩ wintry weather ⬩ cold ⬩ a year

Entry preview:

Th. 19, 17. Sam hit sý sumor sam winter, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 21, 17. Wintres brumae Wrt. Voc. ii. 12, 43. On wintres tíman, ðæt is fram ðan anginne ðæs mónðes, ðe is November gehaten, óþ Eástran, R. Ben. 32, 10.

Linked entries: ǽ-wintre-cyning -wintre

big-spell

(n.)
Grammar
big-spell, bí-spell; g. -spelles; pl. nom. acc. -spell, -spellu; n. [big, bí, spell a history]

A by-history, a parable, fable, example, proverb, story ⬩ parabola, fabula, exemplum, proverbium, narratio

Entry preview:

Þurh bigspell and bigcwidas in proverbium et fabulam, Deut. 28, 37. We sculon ðé sum bíspell reccan we will relate a story to thee, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 166, 27: Bt. Met. Fox 23, 17; Met. 23, 9

Linked entries: an-lícnes bí-spell

bétan

(v.)
Grammar
bétan, ic béte; p. bétte; pp. béted; trans. [Goth. ó = A. Sax. ó, é, thus Goth. bótyan = bótan = A.Sax. bétan]

to make better, to improve, amend, repair, restore ⬩ emendare, reparare, reficere, mederi, expiare ⬩ to mend ⬩ repair a fire ⬩ to light ⬩ make a fire, to kindle ⬩ focum reparare ⬩ to remedy, compensate, make amends ⬩ compensare

Entry preview:

to make better, to improve, amend, repair, restore; emendare, reparare, reficere, mederi, expiare Ðæt he bétte that he should improve, Bd. 5, 13; S. 632, 11: Ex. 21, 22.

Linked entry: bétte

be-teldan

(v.)
Grammar
be-teldan, bi-teldan; p. -teald, pl. -tuldon; pp. -tolden; [be, teldan to cover, teld a tent]

To cover, cover over, surround, overwhelm ⬩ tegere, supertegere, circumdare, obruere

Entry preview:

Kmbl. 1976; An. 990. Fuglas hringe beteldaþ Fénix the birds surround the Phœnix in a ring, Exon. 6o b; Th. 221, 24; Ph. 339. Wæs wópes hring torne bitolden the weeping circle was overwhelmed with grief, 15 b; Th. 34, 6; Cri. 538

Linked entries: be-tolden bi-teldan bi-tolden

big-gyrdel

(n.)
Grammar
big-gyrdel, bí-gyrdel, -gerdel; g. -gyrdles, -gerdles; m. [big, bí, gyrdel a girdle, belt, purse]

A belt, girdle ⬩ a purse, public purse, treasury ⬩ zōna = ζώνη, saccus = σάκκos, fiscus

Entry preview:

Gl. 3; Som. 55, 68; Wrt. Voc. 16, 41. Cyninges [MS. kinges] gafoles bígerdel saccus vel fiscus, 65; Som. 69, 35; Wrt. Voc. 40, 63. Biggyrdel fiscus vel saccus publicus, 17; Som. 58, 94; Wrt. Voc. 22, 11

Linked entries: bí-gerdel bí-gyrdel

ge-tácnian

(v.)
Grammar
ge-tácnian, p. ode, ade, ude; pp. od, ad, ud [tácen, tácn a sign, token] .

to denote by a sign ⬩ signify ⬩ betoken ⬩ show ⬩ instruct ⬩ signāre ⬩ signĭfĭcāre ⬩ denŏtāre ⬩ insĭnuāre ⬩ monstrāre ⬩ instruĕre ⬩ to sign ⬩ mark ⬩ witness ⬩ seal ⬩ signāre ⬩ insignīre ⬩ obsignāre

Entry preview:

Gr. 19; Som. 22, 56. Eua getácnode Godes gelaðunge Eve betokened God's church, Ælfc. T. 6, 11, 13: 7, I. Adam getácnude úrne Hǽlend Crist Adam betokened our Saviour Christ, 6, 8.

-leás

(suffix)
Grammar
-leás, a frequently occurring suffix used to form adjectives, having the force of without [v. leas I.], modern

-less

Entry preview:

It is found in the cognate dialects

Linked entries: bysmer-leás car-leás

tucian

(v.)
Grammar
tucian, (or túcian ?; in Piers P. (v. infra) touked occurs, but the form of the noun is tokkere as well as touker, Prol. 100 A-text, and Halliwell gives tucker = fuller as a western word); p. ode

To treat ill ⬩ to afflict ⬩ harass ⬩ vex

Entry preview:

Bt. 38, 7; Fox 210, 14

Linked entry: ge-tucian

ceaster

(n.)
Grammar
ceaster, cæster, cester; ceastre; ceastre, ceaster, ceastra; f. The names of places ending in caster and -chester were probably sites of a castrum

a fortress ⬩ A city, fort, castle, town ⬩ urbs, civitas, castellum ⬩ the city ⬩ hæc civitas

Entry preview:

On ðære heán ceastre in the high city, Bt. 39, 5; Fox. 218, 18. Ðá cómon ða weardas on ða ceastre then the keepers came into the city, Mt. Bos. 28, 11. Ðú in ða ceastre gong go thou into the city, Andr. Kmbl. 1878; An. 941.

Linked entries: Exan ceaster cester cæster

wæter

(n.)
Grammar
wæter, es; n. (the word seems to be feminine inon ðisse wætere,
  • Homl. 247, 25
    • ; see also
  • Ps. Th. 17, 11
: and a weak genitive plural wæterena is found in
  • Ps. Th. 31, 7.
)

water ⬩ water ⬩ water in the sky, rain ⬩ water of a river, sea, etc. ⬩ water as in Derwentwater, a body of water, a stream, lake, sea ⬩ waters of a great river, of a sea, etc.

Entry preview:

Voc. i. 54, 17, 18. Wæter limphale, ii. 52, 19. Ðæt wæter is brosniendlíc wǽta. Homl. Th. ii. 270, 5. Blód fléwð ofer eorðan swá swá wæter, Blickl. Homl. 237, 6. Byrneþ wæter swá weax, Exon. Th. 61, 23 ; Cri. 989.

be-tíhan

(v.)
Grammar
be-tíhan, p. -táh, pl. -tigon; pp. -tigen, -tygen; [be, tíhan, II. to bring a charge against any one]

To accuse, impeach ⬩ criminari, accusare

Entry preview:

To accuse, impeach; criminari, accusare Gíf he oft betygen wǽre if he has often been accused, L. In. 18; Th. i. 114, 6 : 37; Th. i. 124, 21 : 52; Th. i. 134, 12

Linked entries: be-teón be-tygen

sand

(n.)
Grammar
sand, es; m. [? or should the passages that follow be put under sand; f.? cf. the later application of witness to a person]

A messenger, envoy

Entry preview:

A messenger, envoy Ðá wæs Lýfing ƀ mid ðám kincge . . . Ðá com Xp̃es cyrc̃ sand tó ðám ƀ and hé forð (fór ?) ðá tó ðám kincge bishop Lyfing was then with the king. . . Then came a messenger (or message?

Linked entries: sand sond

ǽht

Grammar
ǽht, In Ll. Th. i. 6, 3 the weak form, ealle ða ǽhtan, occurs, and a form not feminine, mínes ágenes ǽhtes,
  • 194, 16
    • .

what is owned, a possession ⬩ possession

Entry preview:

Add: what is owned, a possession Ǽht res, heánra manna (man, Wrt.) vel ceorla (-ic, Wrt.) ǽhta peculium, Wrt. Voc. i. 20, 57, 59. Ǽhta gadzarum, An. Ox. 3155. Gif ceorl deóflum gelde, hé sié ealra his ǽhta (MS. ǽhtan) scyldig, Ll. Th. i. 40, 5, 6.

crisma

(n.)
Grammar
crisma, an; m. [chrisma, ătis, n. = χρῖσμα, ατος; n. an unction, from χρίω [fut. χρίσω] I touch the surface of a body, I rub or anoint]

χρῖσμα, ατος ⬩ χρίσω ⬩ the chrism ⬩ unction or holy oil, used for anointing by the Roman Catholic church after baptism ⬩ oleum chrismatis ⬩ the white vesture, called chrisom, which the minister puts upon the child immediately after dipping it in water, or pouring water upon it in baptism ⬩ chrismale, id est, vestis candida, quæ super corpus baptlzati ponitur.

Entry preview:

Bd. 2, 14; S. 518, 1; 5, 7; S. 620, 40 Under crysmum baptizatus in albis Mone B. 2096

Linked entries: crism-lýsing crysma

leán

(v.)
Grammar
leán, p. lóg [a weak form also occurs (cf. Icel.) Se ðe wolde leógan oftost on his wordon, ealle hine leádan, ða ðe God lufedan,
  • Wulfst. 168, 17
    • .]

To blame ⬩ reproach ⬩ disapprove ⬩ scorn

Entry preview:

To blame, reproach, find fault with, disapprove, scorn Ne leá ic ðé ná ðæt ðú ǽgðer lufige I blame thee not for loving either, Shrn. 197, 2.

frignan

(v.)
Grammar
frignan, [The different treatment of the g in this word gives rise to a great variety of forms. 1.the g may be retained, see the forms in Dict., to which add p.pl. [ge-] frungan; pp. [ge-]frognen. 2. the g may be absorbed giving a. frínan; p. frǽn, pl. frúnon ; pp. frúnen ; or b. frínan may be regarded as of the ablaut series í, á, i and have p. frán, pl. frinon ; pp. [be-]frinen. 3. the g may be assimilated and forms as from frinnan result, see prs. frinne, ppr. frinnende; p. pl. frunnon. Here perhaps belongs the form frunian,
  • Wrt. Voc. ii. 14, 54.
]

to ask ⬩ inquire ⬩ to ask a question, ⬩ to ask about, after, ⬩ to ask ⬩ to ask a person a question ⬩ to ask a person about something, ⬩ to ask information of or from a person,

Entry preview:

Voc. ii. 14, 54. to ask, inquire Gif ic fregno (frægno, L. ) ne gí ondsworiað mé si inierrogauero non respondebitis mihi, Lk. R. 22, 68 : 23, 14. Ðeáh ðe mon tuwa frigne, gebíd ðú mid ðǽre andsware, Past. 385, 12.

þenedness

(n.)
Grammar
þenedness, þeneness, þénest, þénestre, þeng. v. tó-þenedness, á-þeneness (ðenenis is given in Ps. Surt. ii. p. 194, 15, but áðenenes in Txts. 411, 48), þegnest, þegnestre, þegen.)

This might be a link to, a part of or a variant of another entry.

rignan

(v.)
Grammar
rignan, rínan; p. rínde. [A strong preterite occurs in the Blickling Gloss, rán pluit.
  • Cf.
In Elyes tyme heuene was yclosed þat no reyne ne rone (roon, MS. W.: roen, MS. R.: ron, MS. B.: raynade, MS. C.),
  • Piers P. 14, 62.
]

to rain, to cause rain to fall ⬩ to rain, to fall (of rain)

Entry preview:

to rain, to cause rain to fall, with the agent expressed Ic ríne pluo, Ælfc. Gr. 28; Som. 30, 53. Hé rýnde ofer synfullan grin, Ps. Spl. 10, 7.

Linked entries: regnian regnan rínan

worþig

(n.)
Grammar
worþig, weorþig, wurþig, wyrþig [P s. Surt. has forms as from worðign; one such form is found in Ps. Spl. C. , and a dative worðine occurs in Bd. S. 539, 42], es; m.

enclosed homestead ⬩ a place surrounded by buildings ⬩ place ⬩ street ⬩ platea

Entry preview:

this word, which remains in proper names in the form -worthy, has much the same meaning as worf (q. v.), and seems sometimes to exchange with it (cf. In Beniguurthia, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 70, 27, with : In loco qui dicitur Benninguuyrð, ii. 152, 19).

Linked entries: weorþig worþ

BIDDAN

(v.)
Grammar
BIDDAN, ic bidde, ðú biddest, bidst bitst, he biddeþ, bit, byt, bitt, pl. biddaþ; impert. bide, pl. biddaþ; p. ic, he bæd, ðú bǽde, pl. bǽdon; pp. beden : followed by an acc. of the person, or by the prep. to, and a gen. of the thing; v. trans.

To ask, pray, intreat, beseech, BID, order, require ⬩ petere, poscere, orare, quærere, precari, deprecari, rogare, postulare, præcipere, requirere

Entry preview:

Gif hit [cild] æges bitt if he ask for an egg, Homl. Th. i. 250, 9. Gif hit [cild] hine hláfes bitt if he ask him for bread, 250, 8. Gif he byt fisces if he ask for a fish, Lk. Bos. 11, 11. Bide me postula a me, Ps. Th. 2, 8.

Linked entries: a-biddan bæd be-biddan BÉD bedd beden biddende biddere bide

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