Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

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MANN

(n.)
Grammar
MANN, man, monn, es; m.

MAN ⬩ a human being of either sex ⬩ a man who is wnder the authority of another ⬩ a servant ⬩ vassal ⬩ liege-man ⬩ a parishioner

Entry preview:

Sý hit cynges man, sý hit þegnes, L. Edg. i. 3; Th. i. 264, 4. Sý ðæs mannes man ðe hé sý, L. C. S. 13; Th. i. 382, 20. Nán man his men fram him ne tǽce, ǽr hé clǽne sý ǽlcere sprǽce, 28; Th. i. 392, 11.

Linked entries: manna byrig-man

stíþ

(adj.)
Grammar
stíþ, adj.

Stiff, hard ⬩ stiff, firm, ⬩ strong, not bending easily, unyielding ⬩ of a thick consistency ⬩ stiff ⬩ hard, stern, inexorable, severe, austere ⬩ hard, severe, unrelenting, stubborn ⬩ strict, rigid, severe, austere, hard ⬩ hard ⬩ harsh to the taste

Entry preview:

Hé wæs swá stíð, ðæt hé ne róhte heora eallra níð, ac hí móston ðes cynges wille folgian, gif hí woldon libban, Chr. 1086; Erl. 222, 31.

Linked entries: stiép stíþe

LECGAN

(v.)
Grammar
LECGAN, p. legde, lægde, léde

to lay ⬩ place ⬩ put ⬩ lay ⬩ to slay

Entry preview:

Hig lægdon ǽrende on hine tó ðam cynge they commissioned him to the king, 1064; Erl. 194, 24. Ðá lægdon hí fýr on they set fire to it, 1083; Erl. 209, 1. Lege hit hér beforan ðínum freóndum pone hic coram fratribus tuis, Gen. 31, 37.

HEARD

(adj.)
Grammar
HEARD, hard; adj.

HARD, harsh, austere, severe, rigorous, stern, stubborn, firm, hardy, brave ⬩ durus, rigidus, asper, acer

Entry preview:

Heó wæs ǽror ðam cynge hire suna swíðe heard she had been before very hard to the king her son, Chr.1043; Erl. 168, 36: Cd. 103; Th. 136, 20; Gen. 2261.

Linked entries: a-heardung heard-mód hnesce

sprǽc

(n.)
Grammar
sprǽc, spǽc, spréc, e; f.

Speech. ⬩ speech, talking ⬩ speech, the faculty of speaking ⬩ skilful speech, speaking with art, eloquence ⬩ what is said, a speech, saying, collection of words ⬩ speech, language, talk, discourse, words ⬩ a speech, language ⬩ speech, e.g. to have speech of or with a person, conversation, consultation, conference, discussion ⬩ a question, case that requires explanation ⬩ a sentence, decision, agreement, terms ⬩ a case, cause, suit, claim ⬩ talk about a person or thing, report, fame ⬩ words denoting places where there is speaking ⬩ lingua, loquela ⬩ colloquium, eloquium, ratio, judicium, consilium, senatus

Entry preview:

Ongan ðá tó specenne on ðat land ... óð ðæt seó sprǽc wearð ðam cynge cúð, 302, 15. Be dóme and sprǽce. ... Gehwilc sprǽc hæbbe ándagan hwænne heó gelǽst sý, L. Ed. proem.; Th. i. 158, 3-7: 11; Th. i. 164, 22.

Linked entries: spǽc spéc bysmor-spræc spréc sprecan

GE-RÉFA

(n.)
Grammar
GE-RÉFA, ge-reáfa, groefa, an; m.

A prefect, steward, fiscal officer of the shire or county, judge, reeve or sheriff, count ⬩ præpŏsĭtus, villĭcus, jūdex, præfectus, cŏmes

Entry preview:

Ðæs cynges geréfa the king's reeve, fL. Eth. i. 4; Th. i. 282, 31: L. C. S. 33; Th. i, 396, 14. Gif hit se geréfa ne amanige mid rihte if the reeve do not lawfully exact it [the fine], L. Ed. 5; Th. i. 162, 12.

Linked entries: réfa geréfscipe ge-reáfa

toll

(n.)
Grammar
toll, es; n. m. (?)

Toll, ⬩ tax, ⬩ custom, ⬩ duty, ⬩ due ⬩ that which is paid to the state. ⬩ that which is paid to individuals ⬩ taking toll

Entry preview:

Alword portgeréfa and Alwine fángon tó ðam tolle for ðæs cynges hand, 636, 30. Æilsig bohte ánne wífmann and hire sunu mid healfe punde, and sealde Æilsige portgeréfa and Maccosse hundredesmann .iiii. penegas tó tolle, 627, 14.

here

(n.)

an army ⬩ an army ⬩ a host ⬩ a division of an army ⬩ army corps ⬩ legion ⬩ cohort ⬩ troop ⬩ infantry ⬩ cavalry ⬩ an army ⬩ an army ⬩ multitude ⬩ host ⬩ crowd ⬩ multitude ⬩ harrying ⬩ devastation ⬩ plundering ⬩ ravaging

Entry preview:

Ðæt ǽrost, ꝥ woroldfrið stande between Æðelréde cynge and eallum his leódscipe and eallum þám here þe se cyng ꝥ feoh sealde, Ll. Th. i. 284, 6-11.

swíðe

(adv.)
Grammar
swíðe, adv.

Very, much, exceedingly ⬩ chiefly, especially, mostly

Entry preview:

Næfde se here Angelcynn ealles for swíðe gebrocod; ac hié wǽron micle swíþor gebrocede mid ceápes cwilde and monna; ealles swíþost mid ðæm ðæt manige ðara sélestena cynges þéna forðférdon, Chr. 897; Erl. 94, 29-32

Linked entry: swíðor

gildan

Entry preview:

Gilde hé þæs cynges oferhýrnesse . . . Gif hé ryht wyrcan nylle, ne þá oferhýrnesse syllan . . . 208, 26.

dulmúnus

(n.)
Grammar
dulmúnus, gen. pl. dulmúna; m. The war-ship of the Greeks, which king Alfred assures us would hold a thousand men; longa nāvis. These ships were the μακρὰ πλοῖα or νῆες μακραί, generally called in Greek ὁ δρόμων, ωνος, m. the light war-vessel of the Greeks. They were the longæ nāves the long war-ships of the Romans, which had often more than fifty rowers. The Romans called their vessel drŏmo, ōnis, defining it as a fast rowing vessel, evidently deriving their word from the Greek δρόμων, Cod. Just. 1, 27, 1, § 8; Cassiod. Var. 5, 17, init. where it is described as 'trĭrēme vehĭcŭlum rēmōrum tantum nŭmĕrum prōdens, sed hŏmĭnum făcies dīlĭgenter abscondens.' Some suppose that Alfred derived his word dulmúnus from the Icel. drómundr, m. which Egilsson, in his Lexĭcon Poëtĭcum, Hafniæ, 8vo. 1860, explains 'nāves grandior, cūjus gĕnĕris tantum extra regiōnes septemtrionāles, ut in mări mediterrāneo, mentio fit,' S.E. i. 582, 3, Orkn. 82, 1, 3. Vigfusson, in his Icelandic-English Dictionary, 4to. Oxford, 1869-1874, in drómundr gives only the Latin and Greek, and O. H. Ger. drahemond as cognates. What Orosius, calls longas nāves, Alfred translates dulmúnus in Anglo-Saxon. As we read in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of A.D. 897; Th. i. 174, 4, Hét Ælfréd cyng timþrian lang-scipu ongén ða æscas king Alfred commanded to build long-ships against-, those ships, v. ÆSC IV.-Alfred, in his translation of Orosius, says
Entry preview:

Ǽr he [Ercol] ongan mid Creáca scypum, ðe mon dulmúnus hǽt, ðe man segþ ðæt in scip mǽge in þúsend manna before he [Hercules] began with Grecian ships, which are called dulmunus, of which it is said that one ship can hold a thousand men, Ors. 1, 10; Bos

ge-mót

Entry preview:

Geðenc nú hweðer áwiht mani mann cynges hám séce þér þǽr hé on túne byð, oððe hys gemót, oððe hys fird ; oððe hweðer ðé ðince þæt hí æalle on ánne weig þeder cumen, Solil. H. 44, 3. Ofer þis gemót (cf. 36, 4-14), Ll. Th. i. 38, 4.

sócn

(n.)
Grammar
sócn, e; f.

a seeking, search, exploring ⬩ a seeking, desiring, trying to get ⬩ a seeking to obtain an end ⬩ a seeking for information, ⬩ question, inquiry ⬩ a seeking, visiting of a place, attendance at a place, resort ⬩ a seeking for protection ora place so sought, refuge, sanctuary, asylum ⬩ a seeking with hostile intent, an attack ⬩ inquisitio ⬩ the right of investigating, necessary to and a part of power of holding plea ⬩ seeking ⬩ levying fines ⬩ soca ⬩ soca ⬩ quaestio ⬩ inquisitio ⬩ an attack ⬩ an action, prosecution ⬩ an assemblage ⬩ a parish

Entry preview:

Nán man náge náne sócne ofer cynges þegen búton cyng sylf L. Eth. iii. 11; Th. i. 296, 23. [ Þe reue of Rotland sokene Piers P. 2, 110.]

Linked entries: fird-sócn sécan

unnan

(v.)
Grammar
unnan, prs. ic, hé an[n], pl. wé unnon; p. úðe.

to grant a person (dat.) something ⬩ to give ⬩ allow ⬩ to wish something (gen.) to a person (dat. ) ⬩ to wish something (gen.) for a person (dat.) ⬩ to like a person to have something ⬩ to like a condition of things ⬩ to be pleased

Entry preview:

Eal folc geceás Eádward tó cynge; healde ða hwíle ðe him God unne, Chr. 1041; Erl. 169, 5. On ða gerád ðe gé mé unnan mínes, L. Ath. i. prm.; Th. i. 198, 1 note. Gif hié him ðæs ríces úþon, Chr. 755; Erl. 50, 17. Ic feores ðé unnan wille, Exon.

Linked entries: an ann

fird

(n.)
Grammar
fird, faerd, ferd, fierd, fyrd(e).

an expedition ⬩ campaign ⬩ an army ⬩ a camp

Entry preview:

Wæs þæs cynges fyrde hindan, 948; P. 112, 30. Cóm seó Centisce fyrde, 999; P. 131, 21. Hé hét óðre fyrde ábannan, . . . and his fyrde tóscyfte . . . seó fyrde eall tógædre cóm, 1095; P. 231, 21.

Linked entries: færd ferd fierd fyrd fyrd-

sél

(adj.)
Grammar
sél, (the positive form does not occur, but is found in Layamon); cpve. sélra, sélla; spve. sélest, sélost; adj.

Good ⬩ good ⬩ worthy ⬩ having excellent qualities or properties ⬩ good of its kind ⬩ possessing the excellences of a class ⬩ excellent ⬩ well-qualified ⬩ skilful ⬩ efficient ⬩ good ⬩ advantageous ⬩ to one's interest ⬩ advisable ⬩ good ⬩ honourable ⬩ noble ⬩ proper ⬩ of value ⬩ precious ⬩ good ⬩ happy ⬩ pleasant

Entry preview:

Manige ðara sélestena cynges þéna forþférdon, Chr. 897; Erl. 94, 32. of things Næs sincmáðþum sélra on sweordes hád there was no greater treasure in the shape of a sword, Beo. Th. 4392; B. 2193. Hí nǽfre song séllan ne hýrdon, Exon.

Linked entry: sélost

steór

(n.)
Grammar
steór, and stýr, e; f.
Entry preview:

Hig gesetton woruldlíce steóra ... and ða woruldbóte hig gesetton gemǽne Criste and cynge, L. E. G. prm.; Th. i. 166, 13. Gerǽde man friðlíce steóra and ne forspille for lytlum Godes handgeweorc, L. Eth. v. 3; Th. i. 304, 20: vi. 10; Th. i. 318, 3.

ge-wendan

(v.)
Entry preview:

Hí gewendon heom tó ðám cynge, Chr. 1046; P. 169, 2. where the subject is acted on Hí of eorðan cómon, and eft tó dúste gewendað, Hml. S. 12, 20. His sáwul gewende tó helle, Hml. Th. i. 20, 10.

teóðung

(n.)
Grammar
teóðung, teóðing, e; f.
Entry preview:

Sý ǽlcere geóguðe teóðung gelǽst be Pentecosten, and ðara eorðwsestma be emnnihte ... and gif hwá ðonne ða teóðunge gelǽstan nelle, swá wé gecweden habbaþ, fare ðaes cynges geréfa tó and ðæs bisceopes and ðæs mynstres mæssepreóst and niman unþances ðone

Linked entry: tegðung

weorpan

(v.)
Grammar
weorpan, (wurpan, wyrpan); p. wearp, pl. wurpon; pp. worpen.
Entry preview:

Him man wearp on, ðæt hé wæs ðes cynges swica he was charged with being a traitor to thee king, Chr. 1055 ; Erl. 189, 3. Ðý læs ǽfre cweðan óðre þeódæ: 'Hwǽr com eówer God?'

Linked entries: worpian wurpan

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