Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

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Scottas

(n.)
Grammar
Scottas, pl.
Entry preview:

Scots of Ireland Þrié Scottas cuómon tó Ælfréde cyninge on ánum báte bútan ǽlcum geréþrum of Hibernia, Chr. 891; Erl. 88, 5. Ðá forþgongenre tíde æfter Bryttum and Peohtum þridde cynn Scotta Breotone onféng . . .

Linked entries: Sceottas Scot-land

rídan

(v.)
Grammar
rídan, p. rád, pl. ridon.

to ride on horseback ⬩ equitare ⬩ to ride ⬩ to ride ⬩ to swing ⬩ rock

Entry preview:

Him (the Danes) Ælfréd and cyninges þegnas oft ráde on ridon, Chr. 871; Erl. 76, 11. Ofer ðý cræte curran, ofer ðý cwéne reodan, Lchdm. iii. 32, 10. Ymbe hlǽw riodan hildedeóre, Beo. Th. 6319; B. 3170. Rídan ða yldestan men tó ðære byrig, L.

Linked entries: a-rídan rid rídusende

Æðelrǽd

(n.)
Grammar
Æðelrǽd, Æðelréd, Æðeréd, es; m. [æðele noble, rǽd counsel]

Ælhelred ⬩ Æthelréd ⬩ Æthelrédus

Entry preview:

syx and hund nigontig efter his acennednesse, and ðý feówerteóðan gebonngére [v. geban II], ðá ðý gére gebeón [p. of gebannan] Æðelréd ealderman alle Mercna weotan tosomne to Gleaweceastre, biscopas, and aldermen, and alle his duguþe; and ðæt dyde be Ælfrédes

Linked entry: Æðelréd

land-scearu

(n.)
Grammar
land-scearu, e; f.

land ⬩ country

Entry preview:

Of ðam hlince tó ðam beorre tó Ælfrédes landscare; ðonne is hit ðǽr feówer furlanga brád bútan feówer gyrdan; ðonne gǽþ hit ðǽr niðer be ðara wyrhtena landscare, 420, 25-7. Ðonne eást andlang hricgweges tó Brytfordinga landsceare, 302, 16.

FRIÞ

(n.)
Grammar
FRIÞ, fryþ, es; m. n.

Peace ⬩ freedom from molestation ⬩ security guaranteed by law to those under special protection ⬩ agreement ⬩ truce ⬩ league ⬩ pax ⬩ tūtēla ⬩ refŭgium

Entry preview:

Ðis is ðæt friþ, ðæt Ælfréd cyning [cynincg MS.] and Gúþrúm [Gyþrum MS.] cyning gecweden habbaþ this is the peace, that king Alfred and king Guthrum have agreed upon, L. A. G; Th. i. 152, 2: L. Ath. v. § 8, 9; Th. i. 238, 24.

Linked entries: friþ-béna friþ-sócn freoðo fryþ

ge-hálgian

(v.)
Entry preview:

</b> to consecrate to an office :-- SendeÆþelwulf cyning Ælfréd his sunu tó Róme. Þá wæs domne Leo pápa, and hé hiene tó cyninge gehálgode, Chr. 853; P. 64, 30.

ǽstel

(n.)
Grammar
ǽstel, es; m.

A tablet ⬩ a table for notes ⬩ a waxed tablet ⬩ indicatorium ⬩ astula ⬩ pugillaris

Entry preview:

Ðá ongan ic [Ælfréd cyning] ða bóc wendan on Englisc, ðe is genemned on Lǽden Pastoralis, and on Englisc Hierde-bóc, hwílum word be worde, hwílum andgit of andgite, swá swá ic hie geliornode æt Plegmunde mínum Ærcebiscepe, and æt Assere mínum Biscepe,

bútan

(prep.; adv.)
Entry preview:

Næs nán færeld tó Róme, búton twégen hleáperas Ælfréd sende mid gewritum, Chr. 889; P. 82, 5.

dulmúnus

(n.)
Grammar
dulmúnus, gen. pl. dulmúna; m. The war-ship of the Greeks, which king Alfred assures us would hold a thousand men; longa nāvis. These ships were the μακρὰ πλοῖα or νῆες μακραί, generally called in Greek ὁ δρόμων, ωνος, m. the light war-vessel of the Greeks. They were the longæ nāves the long war-ships of the Romans, which had often more than fifty rowers. The Romans called their vessel drŏmo, ōnis, defining it as a fast rowing vessel, evidently deriving their word from the Greek δρόμων, Cod. Just. 1, 27, 1, § 8; Cassiod. Var. 5, 17, init. where it is described as 'trĭrēme vehĭcŭlum rēmōrum tantum nŭmĕrum prōdens, sed hŏmĭnum făcies dīlĭgenter abscondens.' Some suppose that Alfred derived his word dulmúnus from the Icel. drómundr, m. which Egilsson, in his Lexĭcon Poëtĭcum, Hafniæ, 8vo. 1860, explains 'nāves grandior, cūjus gĕnĕris tantum extra regiōnes septemtrionāles, ut in mări mediterrāneo, mentio fit,' S.E. i. 582, 3, Orkn. 82, 1, 3. Vigfusson, in his Icelandic-English Dictionary, 4to. Oxford, 1869-1874, in drómundr gives only the Latin and Greek, and O. H. Ger. drahemond as cognates. What Orosius, calls longas nāves, Alfred translates dulmúnus in Anglo-Saxon. As we read in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of A.D. 897; Th. i. 174, 4, Hét Ælfréd cyng timþrian lang-scipu ongén ða æscas king Alfred commanded to build long-ships against-, those ships, v. ÆSC IV.-Alfred, in his translation of Orosius, says
Entry preview:

Ǽr he [Ercol] ongan mid Creáca scypum, ðe mon dulmúnus hǽt, ðe man segþ ðæt in scip mǽge in þúsend manna before he [Hercules] began with Grecian ships, which are called dulmunus, of which it is said that one ship can hold a thousand men, Ors. 1, 10; Bos

scolu

(n.)
Grammar
scolu, scól (these two forms may give the later shoal, school as col, cól give coal, cool), e; f.
Entry preview:

Se ( Marinus ) gefreóde Ongelcynnes scole be Ælfrédes béne West-Seaxna cyninges, Chr. 885; Erl. 84, 19.

Linked entries: scól sceolu

hláford

(n.)
Grammar
hláford, es; m.

A LORD; ⬩ dominus. ⬩ herus

Entry preview:

Óhthere sǽde his hláforde Ælfréde cyninge Ohthere said to his lord, king Alfred, 1, 1; Bos. 19, 25. Ic geann mínum hláforde syxti mancusa goldes I give to my lord sixty mancuses of gold, Chart. Th. 516, 32. Úrum hláforde holde loyal to our lord, L.

Linked entries: hláf-weard hlǽfdige

ge-writ

(n.)
Grammar
ge-writ, es; n.

Something written ⬩ writing ⬩ scripture ⬩ inscription ⬩ a writing ⬩ letter ⬩ treatise ⬩ writ ⬩ charter ⬩ book

Entry preview:

Tuegen hleáperas Ælfréd cyning sende mid gewritum king Alfred sent two couriers with letters, Chr. 889; Erl. 86, 24. Úre bisceopas to me gewreoto sende our bishops sent me letters, Blickl. Homl. 187, 4.

Linked entries: ge-wreot writ

útan

(prep.; adv.)
Grammar
útan, (-on); adv. prep. A. adv.

from without ⬩ without ⬩ on the outside ⬩ on the outside ⬩ on the surface ⬩ outwardly ⬩ about ⬩ round ⬩ out ⬩ away from land

Entry preview:

Ælfréd com útan (úton, MS. E.) mid fierde, Chr. 885; Erl. 82, 23. Ǽghwylcne ellþeódigra ðara ðe ðæt eáland útan sóhte, Andr. Kmbl. 56; An. 28. Curnaþ of eálandum útan kynincgas, Ps.

Linked entries: útane úton út-weard

ge-réfa

Entry preview:

On þýs geáre gefór Ælfréd wæs æt Baðum geréfa. Chr. 906; P. 94, 21. (l b) where the function is given :-- On helle beóþ yfele geréfan þS þe nú on wóh démaþ . . . Be þsém démum Críst sylf wæs spre-cende . . . Se yfela déma onféhþ feó. Bl.

-ing

(suffix)
Entry preview:

Ælfréd Æþelwulfing Alfred the son of Ethelwulf, Chr. 871; Erl. 76, 3.

ge-féra

Entry preview:

Th. i. 84, 20. with preposition Ǽfre seó sǽand se móna beóð geféran on wæstme and on wanunge, Lch. iii. 268, 13. a consort Ic Aelfréd aldormon and Werburg mín geféra, Txts. 175, 4. a follower, adherent, one of a retinue Þá dyde Eustatius on his byrnan

ge-freógan

Entry preview:

Se pápa Marinus gefreóde Ongelcynnes scóle be Ælfrédes béne, Chr. 885; P. 80, 5. (4 a) to free land from taxes or services :-- Eall ðæt land sý écelíce gefreód ealra þeówdóma, C. D. vi. 202, 18.

lǽn

(n.)
Grammar
lǽn, lán [v. under lǽn-land], e; f.

a loan ⬩ grant ⬩ gift ⬩ lease ⬩ fee ⬩ fief

Entry preview:

Denewulf bisceop and ða hýwan on Wintanceastre ænlǽnaþ Ælfréde his deg xl hída landes æt Alresforda æfter ðære lǽna ðe Túnbryht bisceop ǽr álénde his yldran bishop Denewulf and the convent at Winchester lease to Alfred for his life xl hides of land at

Linked entries: lǽne lǽn-land

fird

(n.)
Grammar
fird, faerd, ferd, fierd, fyrd(e).

an expedition ⬩ campaign ⬩ an army ⬩ a camp

Entry preview:

Gegaderode Ælfréd cyning his fierd, 894; P. 84, 23. Fird, 905; P. 94, I. Hét hé beódan ofer ealle þá fird, 94, 4. Hé sende firde ge of West-Seaxum ge of Mercum, 910; P. 94, 28.

Linked entries: færd ferd fierd fyrd fyrd-

HÁTAN

(v.)
Grammar
HÁTAN, ic háte, ðú hátest, hætsþ, hé háteþ, hát, hǽt, pl. hátaþ; p. héht, hét, pl. héhton, héton; pp. háten.

to bid, order, command ⬩ to promise, vow ⬩ to call, name, give a name to ⬩ to name, call, bid, command ⬩ to call, name, promise, vow ⬩ nominare, appellare, jubere, præcipere

Entry preview:

Kmbl. 14, 28. with infin. only :-- Ælfréd kyning háteþ grétan Wærferþ biscep and ðé cýðan háte king Alfred bids greet bishop Werferth; and I would that it should be known to you, Past. Pref; Swt. 3, 1-2.

Linked entry: ge-hátan

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