Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

scilling

(n.)
Grammar
scilling, es; m.
Entry preview:

Gr. 50; Som. 52, 8: and with this statement agree several passages of Henry I.?s Laws, e.g. c. 93, §§ 3, 19, where unus solidus=v denarii, duo solidi=x denarii. In Mercia four pennies go to the shilling.

forþ

(adv.)
Grammar
forþ, adv. [faran to go]

FORTHthencehenceforwardsonwardshenceforthfurtherstillindehincprorsumporrodehincdeincepstămen

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FORTH, thence, hence, forwards, onwards, henceforth, further, still; inde, hinc, prorsum, porro, dehinc, deinceps, tămen Abraham eóde forþ Abraham went forth, Gen. 18, 16: Num. 22, 35: Jud. 16, 30.

swát

(n.)
Grammar
swát, es; n. [The passages in which the gender is marked are doubtful. Ðæt swót. Lchdm. iii. 98, 17, occurs in a late MS.; ísen swát, ii. 296, 18, may be a compound; ða swát, iii. 72, 28, may be a mistake for spátl, v. ii. 56, 15. Dutch has a neuter, German and Scandinavian have masculines.]
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Th. 88, 33; Cri. 1449. sweat that comes from labour, hence labour, toil Ðǽr wæs suíðe suíðlíc and ðǽr wæs micel swát ágoten and ðeáh ne meahte monn him of ániman ðone miclan rust multo labore sudatum est, et non exivit de ea nimia rubigo ejus, Past.

Linked entry: swǽtan

hlǽfdige

(n.)
Grammar
hlǽfdige, hlǽfdie, an; f.

A lady, mistress of a house; after Bertric's time it is the title given to the wife of the West-Saxon king,

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Henry of Hunt. 'Hæc igitur domina tantæ potentiæ fertur fuisse, ut a quibusdam, non solum domina vel regina sed etiam rex vocaretur'].

tó-bregdan

(v.)
Grammar
tó-bregdan, -brédan; p. -brægd, -brǽd, pl. -brugdon, -brúdon (-brudon ?); pp. -brogden, -bróden (-broden ? in O. and N. tobrode rimes with unsode).

to separate (trans.) by a quick movement,to pull to pieces (lit. and fig. )to pull apartto separate (intrans.) by a quick movement,to break off,start from sleep,to awaketo separate by making a quick movement with something

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Icel. bregða hendi, fótnm, etc.) . . Exon. Th. 345, 20; Gn. Ex. 192. Hi eteþ flesch unsode swich wulves hadde hit tobrode, O. and N. 1008. The fend him tobrayd ilium daemonium dissipavit, Wick. Lk. 9, 42. He tobraide his clothes, Gow. ii. 53, 11

gifu

(n.)
Grammar
gifu, gyfu, giefu, giofu, geofu, gif, e; pl. nom. acc. -a, -e; gen. -a, -ena; f.

a giftgracefavourdonummunasbeneficiumgratiavirtusfacultasthe Anglo-Saxon RuneRUNE = g, the name of which letter in Anglo-Saxon is gifu a gift,-hence, this Rune not only stands for the letter g, but for gifu as a gift,

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T. 34, 8. the Anglo-Saxon Rune RUNE = g, the name of which letter in Anglo-Saxon is gifu a gift,-hence, this Rune not only stands for the letter g, but for gifu as a gift, RUNE [Gifu] gumena byþ gleng and herenys a gift is the honour and praise of men

BRAND

(n.)
Grammar
BRAND, brond, es; m.

a BRAND, fire-brand, torch;titio, torris a burning, flame, fire;incendium, flamma, ignisA sword;ensis

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A sword; [hence the Eng. to BRANDISH] ensis metaphorically from its shining, Ic gean Eádmunde mínum [minon MS.] bréðer ánes brandes I give to Edmund my brother one sword, Th. Diplm. 559, 24.

Linked entry: brond

DÆG

(n.)
Grammar
DÆG, gen. dæges; pl. nom. acc. dagas; m: daga, an; m.

DAY dies the time of a man's life tempus vitæ humanæ the Anglo-Saxon Rune RUNE = the letter d, the name of which letter in Anglo-Saxon is dæg a day; hence this Rune not only stands for the letter d, but for dæg a day, as,- RUNE byþ Drihtnes sond, deóre mannum day is the Lord's messenger, dear to men

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S. 771, 45. the Anglo-Saxon Rune RUNE = the letter d, the name of which letter in Anglo-Saxon is dæg a day; hence this Rune not only stands for the letter d, but for dæg a day, as,- RUNE byþ Drihtnes sond, deóre mannum day is the Lord's messenger, dear

ÉÐEL

(n.)
Grammar
ÉÐEL, æðel, ǽðel; gen. éðles; dat. éðle, éðele; m. n.

property, inheritance, country, realm, land, dwelling, home prædium ăvītum, fundus heredĭtārius, patria, terra, sēdes, domĭcĭlium, tabernācŭlum

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His ríces éðel ðæt he hæfde sĕdem regni quam tĕnuit, 4, I; S. 563, 14. the Anglo-Saxon Rune RUNE = œ́, the name o f which letter in Anglo-Saxon is œ́ðel, ǽðel, é ðel one's native country, — hence, this Rune not only stands for the letters

Linked entries: ǽðel éðyl óðel

a-stígan

(v.)
Grammar
a-stígan, ic -stíge, ðú -stígest, -stíhst, he -stígeþ, -stíhþ, pl. -stígaþ ; p. -stág, -stáh, pl. -stigon; impert. -stíh; pp. -stigen [a, stígan to go] .

to gocomestepproceedclimbireveniregradiprocederescandereto go in any directionto riseascenddescendsurgereascenderedescendere

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Gr. 28, 6; Som. 32, 30. to go in any direction: generally indicated by a preposition or adverb, hence to rise, ascend, descend, etc; surgere, ascendere, descendere Ðe þurh oferhyd up astígeþ who comes up through pride, Cd. 198; Th. 247, 11; Dan. 495.

CNIHT

(n.)
Grammar
CNIHT, cneoht, cnyht, es; m.

A boyyouthattendantservantKNIGHT:puerjuvenisadolescensservus

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A boy, youth, attendant, servant, KNIGHT: hence the modern knights of a shire are so called because theyserve the shire; puer juvenis, adolescens, servus Sum lytel sweltende cniht a little dying boy Bd. 4, 8; S. 575, 23: Ors. 3, 7; Bos. 58, 43.

Linked entries: cneoht cnyht

sumer-lida

(n.)
Grammar
sumer-lida, an; m. [Lida, like the equivalent Icel. liði in sumar-liði, elsewhere refers to a single object, man or ship (v. lida, sǽ-, ýð-lida), but in the passage given below from the Chronicle seems to mean a fleet. Later in the same work liþ (q. v.), which seems taken from the Scandinavians, is used in this sense, e. g. ðæt lið ðæt on Sandwíc læg, 1052; Erl. 183, 40, can sumer-lida be intended to represent Norse sumar-lið? In one other place sumer-lida occurs, in company with words relating to the sea, and it there glosses malleolus; but here perhaps sumer-loda should be read, and malleolus be taken in the sense shoot, twig (see spæc); cf. O. H. Ger. sumar-lota, -lata virgultum, palmes. v. Anglia xiii. 330.]
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A summer fleet, one that sets forth in summer and returns in autumn Æfter ðissum gefeohte cuom micel sumorlida (tó Reádingum, MS. E.), Chr. 871; Erl. 74, 35. [Steenstrup takes the word to mean a force moving from its quarters in England, and leaving

Róm-feoh

(n.)
Grammar
Róm-feoh, gen. -feós; n.

Peter's pence

Entry preview:

See too the laws of Henry I : 'Romfech in festo Sancti Petri ad Vincula debet reddi,' Th. i. 520. v. Ducange s.v. Denarius S. Petri. ] Wé bebeódaþ ǽlcum cristenum men ... Rómfeoh ... Gif hit hwá dón nelle, sý he ámánsumod, L. Edm.

FÓT

(n.)
Grammar
FÓT, nom. acc: gen. fótes; dat. fét, fóte; pl. nom. acc. fét, fótas; gen. fóta; dat. inst. fótum; m.

a FOOTpésthe footpēs

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Ðæt ic heonon nelle fleón fótes trym I will not flee hence a footstep, Byrht. Th. 138, 68; By. 247. On ánum fét on one foot, Exon. 108 b; Th. 415, 5; Rä. 32, 17. Mif fóte pĕde, Ex. 21, 41: Ps. Spl. 90, 12: Lk. Bos. 4, 11.

þunor

(n.)
Grammar
þunor, (-ar, -er, -ur), es; m.

thundertonitrusfulmenJupitera thane of king Egbert of Kent

Entry preview:

Ðá sceolde hé sendan ðunras and lýgetu, Bt. 35, 4; Fox 162, 13. one of the Teutonic gods, to whom, among the Roman, Jupiter seems to have been considered most nearly to correspond; hence Jupiter is translated by Þunor Þunor oððe Ðúr Joppiter, Wrt.

ÆT

(prep.)
Grammar
ÆT, prep.

ATtobeforenextwithinforagainstapudjuxtapropeanteadincontraOffromaabdeTountoas far asadusquead

Entry preview:

Take this at me, i.e. from me, hence, — Of, from; a, ab, de Anýmaþ ðæt púnd æt hym tollite ab eo talentum, Mt. Bos. 25, 28. Leorniaþ æt me learn by coming near me, learn at, of, or from me; discite a me, Mt. Bos. 11, 29.

rún

(n.)
Grammar
rún, e; f.

a whisperconfidence, counsel, consultationa mysterya secreta rune, a letter.

Entry preview:

a whisper, hence speech not intended to be overheard, confidence, counsel, consultation On hyne nǽnig monna cynnes mihte wlítan nymþe se módiga hwæne neár héte rinca tó rúne gegangan (cf. gangan te rúnu, an rúna, Hel. 1273, 5064), Judth.

Linked entry: rún-stæf

BEÁM

(n.)
Grammar
BEÁM, es; m.

a treearborthe treecrosspatibulumcruxa columnpillarcolumnawooda shiplignumnavisa BEAMsplintposta stock of a treetrabsstipesA ray of lighta sun-BEAMradiusa trumpettuba

Entry preview:

Of beáme de stipite, Cot. 63. in composition, anything proceeding in a right line, hence, - A ray of light, a sun-BEAM; radius Cométa, se steorra, scán swilce sunne-beám a comet, the star, shone like a sun-beam, Chr. 678; Erl. 41, 5. in the Northumbrian

Linked entries: Beám-dún wudu beóm

ÁGAN

(v.)
Grammar
ÁGAN, to áganne; pres. part, ágende; pres. indic. ic, he áh, ðú áhst, pl. ágon, ágan, águn; p. ic, he áhte, ðú ahtest, pl. áhton; subj. ic, ðú, he áge, pl. ágen; p. ic áhte, pl. áhten; pp. ágen.

OWNpossesshaveobtainpossiderehaberepercipereto make another to own or possessto givedeliverrestoredare in possessionemreddererependere

Entry preview:

Ðeáh he feoh-gestreón áhte although he possessed riches, Exon. 66b; Th. 245, 13; Jul. 44. to make another to own or possess, hence, — to give, deliver, restore; dare in possessionem, reddere, rependere Éðelstówe ðé ic ágan sceal I shall give thee a dwelling-place

BURH

(n.)
Grammar
BURH, burg; gen. burge; dat. byrig, byrg; acc. burh, burg; pl. nom. acc. burga; gen. burga; dat. burgum; f. [beorh, beorg = burh, burg the impert. of beorgan to defend] .
Entry preview:

It might consist of a castle alone; but as people lived together for defence and support, hence a fortified place, fortress, castle, palace, walled town, dwelling surrounded by a wall or rampart of earth; arx, castellum, mons, palatium, urbs munita, domus