Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

æ
þ

ǽg-

(prefix)
Grammar
ǽg-, either a contraction of the prefixes á, ǽ, with a g added, as ǽg, or derived from aa = á, áwa, ǽw. It is used in compound pronouns and adverbs, as ǽg-hwá, ǽg-hwǽr, ǽg-hwilc, etc; but, in its place, we also find the prefix á as,—á-hwǽr, á-hwilc, etc. Both ǽg- and á- impart to their compounds a sense of universality.

Ever ⬩ always ⬩ semper

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Ever, always; semper:

B

Grammar
B, THE sound of b is produced by the lips; hence it is called a labial consonant, and has the same sound in Anglo-Saxon as in English. In all languages, and especially in the dialects of cognate languages, the letters employing the same organs of utterance are continually interchanged. In Anglo-Saxon, therefore, we find that b interchanges with the other labials, f and
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p Ic hæbbe I have, he hæfþ he hath. When words are transferred into modern English, b is sometimes represented by f or v :-- Beber or befor a beaver; Ober, ofer, over. In comparing the Anglo-Saxon aspirated labial f with the corresponding letter in Old

hladan

to load ⬩ to load ⬩ freight ⬩ cargo ⬩ to load ⬩ to draw ⬩ to draw ⬩ to draw ⬩ to draw ⬩ obtain ⬩ to scoop out

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Ongunnon stígan on wægn weras, and hyra wicg somod hlódan under hrunge, Rä. 23, 10. to draw; haurire Nómun, hlódun auserunt, Wrt. Voc. ii. 101, 28. to draw water (lit. or fig.) Gé hladaþ wæteru of wyllum haurietis aquas de fontibus, Ps.

ge-wríðan

(v.)
Grammar
ge-wríðan, part. -wríðende; p. -wráð, pl. -wriðon; pp. -wriðen

To bind ⬩ restrain ⬩ tie ⬩ tie together ⬩ coartare ⬩ alligare

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Iudas hine sylfne ahéng mid grine and rihtlíce gewráð ða forwyrhtan þrotan Judas hung himself with a noose and rightly bound that wicked throat, 250, 15. He his wunda gewráð he bound up his wounds, 356, 28. Ðonne gewríð ðú hý then bind it, Th.

yfel-willende

(adj.)
Grammar
yfel-willende, adj. (ptcpl.)

Ill-disposed, wicked

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Ill-disposed, wicked Hwæþer ðú ongite ðæt ǽlc yfelwillende mon and ǽlc yfelwyrcende sié wítes wyrþe? . . . Hú ne is se ðonne yfelwillende and yfelwyrcende ðe ðone unscyldigan wítnaþ? omnem improbum num supplicio dignum negas? . . .

tún

(n.)
Grammar
tún, es; m.

an enclosed piece of ground ⬩ a yard ⬩ court ⬩ the enclosed land surrounding a single dwelling ⬩ a manor ⬩ vill ⬩ 'an estate with a village community in villenage upon it under a lord's jurisdiction,' ⬩ the buildings or inhabitants being referred to ⬩ the towns of Roman Britain ⬩ a habitation of men ⬩ the residence or estate of a single person ⬩ an estate ⬩ farm ⬩ a collection of dwellings ⬩ a village ⬩ town

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Rush. : townes, Wick. ), Mk. Skt. 1. 38 : villas,Lk. Skt. 9, 12

Linked entries: bold tún-geréfa

FÁH

(adj.)
Grammar
FÁH, fág; pl. nom. acc. fá; gen. fára; dat. fáum; adj.

Guilty, criminal, proscribed, outlawed, inimical, hostile ⬩ sons, reus, proscriptus, inĭmīcus, infensus, infentus

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Guilty, criminal, proscribed, outlawed, inimical, hostile; sons, reus, proscriptus, inĭmīcus, infensus, infentus Dǽdum fáh guilty of [wicked] deeds, Cd. 216; Th. 274, 19; Sat. 156. Mid dǽdum fáh, Ps. Th. 105, 28.

á-lífan

(v.)
Grammar
á-lífan, (-lýfan, q. v.
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Hé wuda and wætres nyttað, þonne him bið wíc álýfed, Gn. Ex. 110. Þæs áléfdan indulte, Wrt. Voc. ii. 84, 6. to hand over a person Ne álýf þú mé on fyrenfulra fǽcne geðancas ne tradas me peccatori, Ps.

Linked entries: a-léfan á-lýfan

A

(prefix)
Grammar
A, A. It is not necessary to speak of the form of what are often called Anglo-Saxon letters, as all Teutonic, Celtic, and Latin manuscripts of the same age are written in letters of the same form. There is one exception: the Anglo-Saxons had, with great propriety, two different letters for the two distinct sounds of our th: the hard þ in thin and sooth, and the soft ð in thine and soo
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the, vide Þ, þ. The indigenous Pagan alphabet of our Anglo-Saxon forefathers, called Runes, it must be particularly observed, not only represents our letters, but the names of the letters are significant. The Runes are chiefly formed by straight lines

Q

Grammar
Q, This letter occurs but seldom in Anglo-Saxon; in those native words where qu is now found, e. g. quick, quoth, cw or cu was written, cwic, cuic, cwæþ, cuæþ. In the glossary (belonging to the eighth century) given in Wrt. Voc. ii. 98 sqq. are six instances of words beginning with qu, and four others occur in the same volume; in the Blickling Gloss the form quémde glosses complacebam, and the foreign word
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reliquias retained its original form

-tig

(suffix)
Grammar
-tig, -ty, a numeral suffix in words denoting the decades; up to 60 such words are formed with a suffix only, from 60 to 120 hund is prefixed and tig suffixed, hund-seofon-tig, hund-twelf-tig. Other dialects make a distinction in the numerals at the same point. Gothic uses tigus (pl. tigjus) in the earlier, -téhund in the later, O. Saxon -tig in the earlier, while 70 is given by ant-siƀunta; in
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O. H. Ger. the two forms are -zug and -zó. In O. Frs. and Icel. the same forms are used throughout. Tig is another form of the root seen in ten (tehan, g for h according to Verner's Law)

FIREN

(n.)
Grammar
FIREN, fyren, e; pl. nom. acc. firene, firena; f.

a wicked deed ⬩ sin ⬩ crime ⬩ scĕlus ⬩ crīmen ⬩ peccātum ⬩ tribulation ⬩ torment ⬩ suffering ⬩ pain ⬩ trībŭlātio ⬩ tormeutum ⬩ crŭciātus

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a wicked deed, sin, crime; scĕlus, crīmen, peccātum Næs ðǽr gefremed firen æt giftum there was no sin committed at the nuptials, Hy. 10, 17; Hy. Grn. ii. 293, 17.

Linked entries: fyren fyrn-

ge-teld

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On middum þǽm úrum wícum and betwih. þǽm geteldum inter ipsa tentoria in media castrorum parte, Nar. 12, 25. geteld sleán to pitch a tent :-- Man slóh an geteld ofer þá bán, Hml. S. 26, 180.

wesan

Grammar
wesan, I a.
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</b> add :-- Nán man of þǽre wíc þe hí of wǽron, Hml. S. 31, 1016. <b>Ill c.</b> add :-- Hé wæs swelce Rómáne þá wyrþe wǽron, Ors. 6, 3; S. 256, 23. v. swilce; <b>III.

hearga

(n.)
Grammar
hearga, an; m.

a grove ⬩ a temple ⬩ fane ⬩ an idol

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[For pl. hearga; f. substitute: a place sacred to a god, with an idol and an altar. a grove Hearga lucum (the word occurs among glosses to Aldhelm between one on Ald. 50, 25 and another on 50, 27: in the text between these lucum does not occur), Wrt.

ge-þrowian

(v.)
Grammar
ge-þrowian, -þrowigan; p. ode, ade; pp. od, ad

To suffer

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He æt ðǽm unlǽdum Iudéum manig bysmor geþrowade he suffered many contumelies at the hands of the wicked Jews, Blickl. Homl. 23, 31

ge-wendan

(v.)
Grammar
ge-wendan, p. -wende; pp. -wended, -wend.

To turn ⬩ change ⬩ translate ⬩ incline ⬩ bring about ⬩ To turn [one's self] ⬩ change ⬩ go ⬩ return

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Wicg gewende he turned his steed, Beo. Th. 635; B. 315. Gewend conversus, Lk. Bos. 22, 32. His folc eall to yfele gewend ys this people is all inclined to evil, Ex. 32, 22. Him ðæt heáfod was adúne gewended his head was turned down, Blickl.

for-brecan

(v.)
Grammar
for-brecan, part, -brecende; ðú -brecest, -bricst, -brycst, he -breceþ, -bricþ; p. -bræc, pl. -brǽcon; pp. -brocen

To break ⬩ break in two ⬩ bruise ⬩ crush ⬩ violate ⬩ frangĕre ⬩ confringĕre ⬩ conterere ⬩ commĭnuĕre ⬩ viŏlāre

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Ic sumra fét forbræc bealo-searwum I have broken the feet of some by wicked snares. Exon. 72 b; Th. 270, 30; Jul. 473. He helle dúru forbræc he brake hell's door, Cd. 223; Th. 294, 8; Sat. 468: Ps. Spl. 106, 16.

on-wealh

(adj.)
Grammar
on-wealh, -walh; adj.

Whole, entire ⬩ sound, uninjured, uncorrupted ⬩ whole, entire

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Geleáfan onwealhne and unwemmedne heóldan, 1, 4; S. 475, 33: 4, 10; S. 578, 27. of time, whole, entire Onwalhge wican ebdomade integra, 4, 27; S. 604, 31. Geár onwealh anno integro, 3, 1; S. 523, 28. Onwalhge niht noctes integras, 4, 25; S. 599, 30

Linked entries: an-wealh -wealg

ge-dwola

Grammar
ge-dwola, one who errs.

one who acts wrongly, a wicked person ⬩ one who errs from imperfect knowledge ⬩ one who errs in matters of doctrine, a heretic ⬩ one who wanders in his mind, a frantic person

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Add: one who acts wrongly, a wicked person 'Wá dám ðe talað yfel tó góde, and gód tó yfele . . . Swilc gerihtwísiað þone árleásan for sceattum'. . . Eft cwæð Salomon be swilcum gedwolum : 'Hí (impii) blissiað on yfelnesse, ' Hml.

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