sacan
to fight, strive, contend ⬩ to disagree, ⬩ to wrangle ⬩ to bring a suit ⬩ to accuse, blame ⬩ to refuse, deny.
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Ic ( Beowulf) sceal fón wið feónde and ymb feorh sacan, Beo. Th. 883; B. 439. Gód sceal wið yfele, líf sceal wið deáþe, leóht sceal wið þýstrum, fyrd wið fyrde, feónd wið óðrum, láð wið láðe ymb land sacan, Menol. Fox 568; Gn. C. 53.
ge-swícan
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Geswác æt sæcce Beówulfes sweord Beowulf's sword failed in the conflict, Beo. Th. 5355; B. 2681. Gesuícas mentientes, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 5, 11. with the genitive Wile heó ðæs síðes geswícan it will desist from its course, Salm. Kmbl. 647; Sal. 323.
torn
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Violent emotion of anger or grief (cf. teran, and Goth. ga-taura a rent; ga-tauman to be torn). of anger, where there is just cause, anger, indignation, wrath Gewát torne gebolgen dryhten Geáta ( Beowulf when the dragon ravaged the country ), Beo.
BRÁD
BROAD open, large, spacious, copious ⬩ latus, expansus, amplus, spatiosus, copiosus
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Beówulfe bráde ríce on hand gehwearf the broad realm passed into the hand of Beowulf, Beo. Th. 4421;B. 2207. Beorn monig seah on ðás beorhtan burg brádan ríces many a chief looked on this bright city of a broad realm, Exon. 124 b;Th, 478, 9;Ruin.38.
hreósan
To fall ⬩ fall down ⬩ ruere ⬩ corruere
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Hie onweg hruron they plunged away [of the creatures on the top of the water which sank to the bottom on the appearance of Beowulf and his companions ], 2865; B. 1430: Andr. Kmbl. 3199; An. 1602.
ge-féran
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S. 25, 730. (4 a) with clause :-- Hafast þú geféred þæt þám folcum sceal sacu restan, B. 1855. to bring about, effect Biówulfe wearð dryhtmáðma dǽl deáðe forgolden, hæfde ǽghwæðre ( for Beowulf and the fire-drake ] ende geféred lǽnan lífes, B. 2844.
máðum
A precious or valuable thing ⬩ a treasure ⬩ jewel ⬩ ornament
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Ic ( Hrothgar) ðæm gódan (Beowulf ) sceal mádmas beódan, Beo. Th. 776; B. 385. Máðmas, 3739; B. 1867. Ealde mádmas ( the spoil of the Egyptians drowned in the Red Sea ), Cd. 171; Th. 215, 19; Exod. 585.
Linked entry: máðm
sib
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Hréðel ( the grandfather of Beowulf) sibbe gemunde, næs ic (Beowulf ) him láðra beorn ðonne his bearna hwylc, Beo. Th. 4854; B. 2431.
hlǽw
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hlǽw gewyrcean se sceal tó gemyndum mínum leódum heáh hlifian on Hrones næsse, ðæt hit sǽlíðend syððan hátan Biówulfes biorh bid them make a mound; it shall as a memorial to my people tower high on Hronesness, so that hereafter may seafarers call it Beowulf's
Linked entry: hláw
wrixlan
to change ⬩ vary ⬩ alter ⬩ to change ⬩ alternate ⬩ to exchange ⬩ deal ⬩ conversation ⬩ intercourse ⬩ to lend ⬩ of what is lent ⬩ of words ⬩ to speak
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Wrislan, 72, 18. with dat. of what is lent, fig. of words, to speak Secg eft ongan síð Beówulfes snyttrum styrian, . . . wordum wrixlan, Beo. Th. 1752; B. 874. Lyt ic wénde ðæt ic ǽfre sceolde múðleás sprecan, wordum wrixlan, Exon.
þín
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¶ In poetry the pronoun may be separated from the words to which it belongs :-- Blǽd is árǽred geond wídwegas, wine mín Beówulf, þín ofer þeóda gehwylce, Beo. Th. 3414; B. 1705.
swincan
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Git (Beowulf and Breca in their match) seofon niht swuncon, Beo. Th. 1038; B. 517. Óðre swuncon (laboraverunt), and gé eodun on hyra geswinc. Jn. Skt. 4, 38. Swince laboret, Wülck. Gl. 250, 31.
swǽs
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Hé hét hine ( Beowulf ) leóde swǽse sécean. Beo. Th. 3741; B. 1868. Mǽgburge swǽse and gesibbe my kindred, dear and near ones (or dear and near kindred ), Exon. Th. 397, 19; Rä. 16, 22.
heall
a residence ⬩ palace ⬩ a temple ⬩ a court of law
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Wæs tó búre Beówulf fetod, 1310): Sigon tó slǽpe . . . þá wæs on healle heardecg togen sweord, B. 1288. a residence, habitation of a great man, palace Þisse healle hornas ne byrnað, Fin. 4: 20.
MǼG
A relative ⬩ kinsman
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Higeláces mǽg (Beowulf), Beo. Th. 820; B. 408. Úre ieldesta mǽg our first parent, Past. 43, 5; Swt. 313, 15. Ne hǽme nán man wið his mǽges (fratris) wíf, Lev. 18, 16. Mǽges filii, Cd. 140; Th. 176, 5; Gen. 2907.
hand
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hæfde be honda (Beowulf's hand clutched Grendel), B. 814.
leód
A man ⬩ poet ⬩ a prince ⬩ men ⬩ people ⬩ country
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Wedera leód [Beowulf] Beo. Th. 687; B. 341: 702; B. 348: 1254; B. 625. Gif hwá his ágenne geleód [MS. H. leóð] bebycgge if any one sell his own countryman, L. In. 11; Th. i. 110, 3. Ðá hatedon hine his leóde cives autem ejus oderant eum, Lk.
ge-sprecan
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Gespræc Beówulf gylpworda sum, B. 675. Hiera sundorsprǽce þe hié gesprǽcan the colloquy they were to have, Ors. 4, 10 ; S. 202, 13. Ðá ðe gespreccenda woeron ðá wítgo, Lk. L. 24, 25. Siððan he hit gesprecen hæfð, Past. 81, 7: Ors. 2, 8; S. 92, 8.
sceamian
to feel shame, be ashamed ⬩ to cause shame
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Hý ( Beowulf's followers who had failed him in his need ) scamiende scyldas bǽron, ðǽr se gomela læg, Beo.
ealdor-man
ALDERMAN, senator, chief, duke, a nobleman of the highest rank, and holding an office inferior only to that of the king ⬩ mājor nātu, sĕnātor, prŏcer, princeps, prīmas, dux, præfectus, trĭbūnus, quīcunque est aliis grădu aut nātu mājor. ⬩ eorl, Nrs. jarl, being placed over several shires. The Danish kings ruled by their eorlas or jarls, and the ealdormen disappeared from the shires. Gradually the title ceased altogether, except in the cities, where it denoted an inferior judicature, much as it now does among ourselves
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The word ealdor or aldor in Anglo-Saxon denotes princely dignity: in Beowulf it is used as a synonym for cyning, þeóden, and other words applied to royal personages.
Linked entries: aldor-mon ealdermen ealdor-mon ealdur-man eldor-man