útan
from without ⬩ without ⬩ on the outside ⬩ on the outside ⬩ on the surface ⬩ outwardly ⬩ about ⬩ round ⬩ out ⬩ away from land
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Se ðe sceal healdan folc útan wið feóndum, Ps. Th. 120, 4. Se fugel ymbseteþ útan líc hálgum stencum, Exon. Th. 212, 3; Ph. 204. Útan ymbestandne mid unríme þegna, Met. 25, 7. Úton, Bt. 37, 1; Fox 186, 3.
witan
to wit ⬩ know ⬩ have knowledge ⬩ be aware, ⬩ to know ⬩ have knowledge of, ⬩ be aware of ⬩ to be wise ⬩ be in one's senses ⬩ to be conscious of ⬩ to know ⬩ to feel ⬩ shew
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Hú mæg ic hit witan, ðæt ic hit ágan sceal unde scire possum, quod possessurus sim eam? Gen. 15, 8. Grammar witan, with (2) and (5c) Ðú ðæt ána wást, hú mé módor gebær, Ps. C. 61.
ÁGAN
OWN ⬩ possess ⬩ have ⬩ obtain ⬩ possidere ⬩ habere ⬩ percipere ⬩ to make another to own or possess ⬩ to give ⬩ deliver ⬩ restore ⬩ dare in possessionem ⬩ reddere ⬩ rependere
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Ðeáh he feoh-gestreón áhte although he possessed riches, Exon. 66b; Th. 245, 13; Jul. 44. to make another to own or possess, hence, — to give, deliver, restore; dare in possessionem, reddere, rependere Éðelstówe ðé ic ágan sceal I shall give thee a dwelling-place
EÁC
EKE, also, likewise, moreover, and ⬩ etiam, quoque, et ⬩ Nevertheless, however ⬩ nihilōmĭnus ⬩ So also, also, moreover, very like, even so, as if ⬩ parimŏdo, tamquam ⬩ Quin et ⬩ So also, even so, likewise
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Sió gesceádwísnes sceal ðære wilnunge waldan and irsunge eác swá the reason ought to govern the will and the anger likewise, 20, 398; Met. 20, 199: 20, 384; Met. 20, 192
þreát
a troop ⬩ band ⬩ crowd ⬩ body of people ⬩ swarm ⬩ press ⬩ throng ⬩ violence ⬩ compulsion ⬩ force ⬩ oppression ⬩ punishment ⬩ ill-treatment
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Similar entries v. þreátend Is ðeós þrág ful strong, þreát ormǽte; ic sceal þinga gehwylc þolian, Exon. Th. 270, 14; Jul. 465. Hé was gebunden fýre and líge; ðæt was fæstlíc þreát ( a punishment that pressed on him without remission ), Cd.
wépan
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Ðæt ðætte óðre menn unáliéfedes dót hé sceal wépan suá suá his ágne scylde illicita perpetrata ab aliis ut propria deplorat, Past. 10; Swt. 61, 15. Ðá hé hine ealle wépende geseah when he saw all mourning him, Blickl. Homl. 225, 22.
wrecca
one driven from his own country ⬩ a wanderer in foreign lands ⬩ an exile ⬩ a stranger ⬩ pilgrim ⬩ a wretch ⬩ an evil person ⬩ a wretched person ⬩ a miserable, feeble creature ⬩ a wretched ⬩ unhappy ⬩ miserable ⬩ poor person
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Ða lióð ðe ic wrecca geó lustbǽrlíce song, ic sceal nú heofiende singan. Bt. 2 ; Fox 4, 6 : Met. 2, 3. Ne mæg mon ǽnne wræccan his cræftes beniman, 10, 38. Heó áhredde ða húþe, and tó hám bedrǽf wreccan (the hapless wight?) ofer willan. Exon.
ge-ícan
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Sceal þonne ánra gehwylc . . . leoðum onfón and líchoman, edgeong wesan, 1030-3), Cri. 1040
ge-réfa
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Gescádwís geréfa sceal . . . ( the duties of the reeve are then given ], Angl. ix. 259, 3. þæs biscopes gerefa. Ll. Th. i. 342, 16: 262, 24.
ge-writ
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Th. i. 58, 22. a number of written characters Þis mon sceal wrítan on húsldisce . . . + + + A + C D + . . . In principio . . . sunt.
hring
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Ic sceal þegne mínum hringum hæfted hýran georne, Rä. 5, 2: 87, 4. Wyrc feówer hringas ( circulos ), and áhóh hié on ðá feówer hyrnan ðǽre earce; and hát wyrcean twégen stengas . . . and sting út ðurh ðá hringas, Past. 169, 20-24.
hwanne
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Hé sceal winnan and sorgian hwonne se dæg cume ... búton hé ǽr hwæt for Gode gedyde, Bl. H. 97, 26. after verbs expressing attempt to know, knowing, or causing to know Þá áhsodon hí hine hwænne (huoenne, L., hwenne, R.) Godes ríce cóme, Lk. 17, 20.
tó
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(j) add :-- Ciricsceat mon sceal ágifan tó þám healme and tó þám heorðe þe se mon on bið tó middum wintre, Ll. Th. i. 140, 13. Hí tó Godes híwunga gesceapene wǽron. Bl.
HEARD
HARD, harsh, austere, severe, rigorous, stern, stubborn, firm, hardy, brave ⬩ durus, rigidus, asper, acer
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Hige sceal ðé heardra ðé úre mægen lytlaþ our courage shall be the stouter as our force lessens, Byrht. Th. 140, 62; By. 312. Nó is gefrægn heardran feohtan I have never heard of a harder fight, Beo. Th. 1157; B. 576.
Linked entries: a-heardung heard-mód hnesce
á-wendan
To turn. ⬩ to give a certain direction to ⬩ to return ⬩ to reduce ⬩ bring into subjection ⬩ to turn aside, ⬩ to remove ⬩ divert ⬩ to avert ⬩ to pervert ⬩ to change ⬩ to turn into something else ⬩ transform ⬩ to translate ⬩ reproduce something with other material ⬩ to exchange ⬩ To turn ⬩ take a certain direction
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Cweð tó ðisum stánum þæt hí beón áwende tó hláfum, 166, 14. to translate, reproduce something with other material. of language Sé þe áwent of Ledene on Englisc, ǽfre hé sceal gefadian hit swá ꝥꝥ Englisc hæbbe his ágene wísan, Ælfc. Gen. Thw. 4, 8.
Linked entry: on-wendan
findan
to come across ⬩ to obtain ⬩ find ⬩ to meet with ⬩ experience ⬩ be exposed to ⬩ find difficulty ⬩ procure ⬩ to visit ⬩ learn ⬩ arrange ⬩ settle ⬩ to determine ⬩ to supply ⬩ provide ⬩ furnish
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Sceal wintrum fród on circule cræfte findan hálige dagas, 67.
hláford
a ruler ⬩ sovereign ⬩ governor ⬩ captain ⬩ a master ⬩ a major-domo ⬩ an owner ⬩ a proprietor ⬩ a husband ⬩ the husband ⬩ a ruler ⬩ lord
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Þæt wíf sceal hire ealdore (hláforde, v.l.) hiéran, Ll.
hand
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Hú seó heord fare þe se bisceop tó Godes handa gehealdan sceall. Ll.
ge-sécan
to seek, inquire, ask for ⬩ quærere, requirere, inquirere ⬩ to seek, go to, approach, look for, visit, come to ⬩ adire, ire vel proficisci, aliquo vel ad aliquem, visitare, venire, pervenire aliquo ⬩ to seek with hostile intention, to persecute, afflict, invade ⬩ hostiliter aggredi, invadere, corripere ⬩ to seek; go to, visit ⬩ ire, proficisci ⬩ to appoint, dispose, beset ⬩ exigere, disponere
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Hí scyndan sárum gesóhte they hastened forth sought with wounds, Exon. 72 b; Th. 271, 30; Jul. 490: 46 b; Th. 159, 21; Gú. 930: 47 b; Th. 163, 33; Gú. 1003. to seek; go to, visit; ire, proficisci Ðú scealt síþe gesécan ðǽr sylfǽtan eard weardigaþ thou