Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

æ
þ

ge-sceaft

Entry preview:

Hé (God) mid his ágenre mihte geglengde ꝥ gér mid feówrum gesceaftum (the four seasons), Angl. viii. 299, 19. (2 a) of physical condition, sex :-- In gescæf[te] téderlicum in sexu fragili, Rtl. 51, 7.

fundian

(v.)
Entry preview:

., Mód. 16. with gerund Hié fundiað tó bigietenne, and beóð suíðe gedréfede cogitationis turbidae aestibus anhelant, Past. 127, 20. Blódig regn and fýren fundiaþ þás eorþan tó forswylgenne, Bl. H. 93, 3.

ge-réfa

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Geréfena comitum, 22, 2. rendering Latin titles of non-English officials. v. geréf-mann Jósep wæs geréfa (decurio), Lk. 23, 50. Hé wæs ánes geréfan sunu cujusdam curialis (cf. curiales vel decuriales burhgeréfa, Wrt. Voc. i. 18, 42)/auu, Gr.

ge-rýman

(v.)
Entry preview:

III. to clear away an obstruction :-- Swá hwæt swá þæne migðan gelet, hyt gerýmð and forð gelǽdeþ,Lch. i. 90, 27. Wegas syndon drýge, holm gerýmed, Exod. 284. IV. intrans.

níwe

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Hí offrodon . . . þám godum þe hí ne cúðon; níwe cómun þe hira fæderas ne wurðodon, Deut. 32, 17. coming as a resumption or repetition of some previous act or thing On þǽm æfterran gére gelǽrdan Rómána biscepas swelce níwe rǽdas swelce hié fol oft ǽr

dulmúnus

(n.)
Grammar
dulmúnus, gen. pl. dulmúna; m. The war-ship of the Greeks, which king Alfred assures us would hold a thousand men; longa nāvis. These ships were the μακρὰ πλοῖα or νῆες μακραί, generally called in Greek ὁ δρόμων, ωνος, m. the light war-vessel of the Greeks. They were the longæ nāves the long war-ships of the Romans, which had often more than fifty rowers. The Romans called their vessel drŏmo, ōnis, defining it as a fast rowing vessel, evidently deriving their word from the Greek δρόμων, Cod. Just. 1, 27, 1, § 8; Cassiod. Var. 5, 17, init. where it is described as 'trĭrēme vehĭcŭlum rēmōrum tantum nŭmĕrum prōdens, sed hŏmĭnum făcies dīlĭgenter abscondens.' Some suppose that Alfred derived his word dulmúnus from the Icel. drómundr, m. which Egilsson, in his Lexĭcon Poëtĭcum, Hafniæ, 8vo. 1860, explains 'nāves grandior, cūjus gĕnĕris tantum extra regiōnes septemtrionāles, ut in mări mediterrāneo, mentio fit,' S.E. i. 582, 3, Orkn. 82, 1, 3. Vigfusson, in his Icelandic-English Dictionary, 4to. Oxford, 1869-1874, in drómundr gives only the Latin and Greek, and O. H. Ger. drahemond as cognates. What Orosius, calls longas nāves, Alfred translates dulmúnus in Anglo-Saxon. As we read in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of A.D. 897; Th. i. 174, 4, Hét Ælfréd cyng timþrian lang-scipu ongén ða æscas king Alfred commanded to build long-ships against-, those ships, v. ÆSC IV.-Alfred, in his translation of Orosius, says
Entry preview:

Ǽr he [Ercol] ongan mid Creáca scypum, ðe mon dulmúnus hǽt, ðe man segþ ðæt in scip mǽge in þúsend manna before he [Hercules] began with Grecian ships, which are called dulmunus, of which it is said that one ship can hold a thousand men, Ors. 1, 10; Bos

mǽþ

(n.)
Grammar
mǽþ, e; f. (but ofer ðínne mǽð,
  • Prov. Kmbl. 27.
    • )

measure ⬩ degree ⬩ proportion ⬩ the measure or extent of power, ability, capacity, efficacy ⬩ degree ⬩ rank ⬩ status ⬩ condition ⬩ due measure ⬩ right ⬩ due measure in regard to others ⬩ honour ⬩ respect

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Ger. 395, 58. due measure in regard to others, honour, respect (v. mǽþ-full) Hwílum wǽron heáfodstedas and heálíce hádas micelre mǽþe and munde wyrþe, and griþian mihton ða ðe ðæs beþorftan and ðǽrtó sóhtan aa be ðære mǽþe ðe ðǽrtó gebyrede formerly

Linked entries: mǽþian mǽþ-líc mǽþ-leás mǽþ-lic un-mǽþ

rǽd

(n.)
Grammar
rǽd, es; m.
Entry preview:

Ger. names v. Grff. ii. 463

Linked entry: rád

scyldig

(adj.)
Grammar
scyldig, adj.
Entry preview:

Ger. sculdig reus, culpabilis, meritus, debitus, debitor, obnoxius.] v. feorh-, for-, god-, hand-, mán-, morþor-, þeóf-, þurh-, twí-, un-, wam-scyldig

Linked entries: scildig deáþ-scyldig for-scyldigian sceldig

gafol

(adj.)
Grammar
gafol, Add:

tribute. ⬩ payment exacted by a stronger from a weaker people, by the conqueror from the conquered ⬩ payment exacted by the state, a tax ⬩ payment exacted by the church ⬩ payment exacted by a lord, e.g. rent by a landlord ⬩ a contribution exacted in aid ⬩ a rate ⬩ interest ⬩ a debt ⬩ due, obligation

Entry preview:

Mid ús is gerǽd ꝥ hé sylle .v. sustras huniges tó gafole, 436, 2. Sum hit is ðan scipwealan tó gafole gesett, C. D. iii. 450, 19. figurative Hwane manaþ God máran gafoles þonne þone biscop, Bl. H. 45, 16.

teám

(n.)
Grammar
teám, es; m.

A line; but the word which is used in the related dialects (v. infra) with a physical meaning is used in English figuratively. ⬩ a line of descendants, offspring, progeny, family, children ⬩ bringing forth children, child-bearing ⬩ a line of animals harnessed together, a team

Entry preview:

Ger. tóm frenum: Du. toom: O. H. Ger. zoum funis, habena; Icel. taumr bridle, rein, cord.] Similar entries v. bearn-, frum- (v. II above), here-, leger-teám; tíman

Linked entries: teám-byrst tém wróht-getíme ge-teáma -tíme -tíme

wer-gild

(n.)
Grammar
wer-gild, were-gild, es; n. [The word seems interchangeable with wer (q. v.), which in the later laws is the more frequent form.]
Entry preview:

Ger. wer-, weri-gelt fiscus, pretium. Cf. Icel. mann-gjöld; pl.] Cf. leód, leód-gild; and see Kemble's Saxons in England, vol. i. c. x, Grmm. R. A. 650

wolcen

(n.)
Grammar
wolcen, wolcn (wolc), es;n. : also wolcne, an; f.

A cloud ⬩ the clouds ⬩ the heavens ⬩ the sky ⬩ the clouds of night ⬩ under heaven ⬩ on earth ⬩ sky ⬩ welkin

Entry preview:

Ger. wolcnan;n, nubes. ] Similar entries v. heofon-, weder-wolcen

secgan

(v.)
Grammar
secgan, secgean, secggan, secggean, sæcgan ; p. sægde, sǽde; pp. sægd, sǽd. [Forms as from an infin. sagian—sagast, sagaþ ; p. sagode; imp. saga, are given here.]
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Sagode refert, Germ. 396, 10. Hé síðfæt sægde, Cd. Th. 256, 31 ; Dan. 649. Hit forhæfed gewearð, ðætte hié sǽdon swefn cyninges, 225, 2 ; Dan. 148. Bodan þurh hleóþorcwide hyrdum cýðdon, sægdon sóðne gefeán, Exon. Th. 28, 23 ; Cri. 451.

Linked entries: ǽrend-secgan sæcgan sagian

heofon

Grammar
heofon, In later specimens the word is often feminine, e.g.

firmament ⬩ happiness ⬩ a ceiling

Entry preview:

Sceáwa heofon, hyrste gerím, rodores tungel, Gen. 2180. considered as a revolving sphere: Seó heofon belýcð on hyre bósme ealne middaneard.

Linked entries: heofone heofon-lic

weorod

(n.)
Grammar
weorod, (-ud, -ed, -ad), werod (-ud, -ed), worud (-ad), word, es; n.
Entry preview:

Weredu examina, Germ. 396, 180. Lytle worado pauci, Lk. Skt. Lind. 13, 23. Weoroda heáp, Andr. Kmbl. 1739; An. 872: Exon. Th. 66, 11; Cri. 1070. Hé ofer weoruda gehwylc scíneþ, 82, 7; Cri. 1335. Wereda, Cd. Th. 42, 8; Gen. 671.

Linked entries: eóred weored weorod-líst weorud werud

wita

(n.)
Grammar
wita, an; m.

one who knows ⬩ a person of understanding or learning ⬩ a wise man ⬩ one able to give counsel ⬩ a counsellor ⬩ one able to give counsel in affairs of state ⬩ one who takes part in the councils of a nation ⬩ a leading man ⬩ an elder ⬩ a chief person ⬩ senior ⬩ one who has knowledge ⬩ a witness ⬩ a wise man ⬩ one professing supernatural knowledge

Entry preview:

Ger. wizzo gnarus, sapiens; divinus. Cf. Goth. un-wita foolish; ignorant.] Similar entries v. ǽ-, burh-, folc-, fyrn-, ge-, láh-, lár-, leód-, rǽd-, rún-, scír-, stíg-, un-, úþ-, þeód-, weorold-wita

Linked entries: weota wieta wiota

sculan

(v.)
Grammar
sculan,  sceolan; ic, hé sceal, scal, ðú scealt, pl. wé sculon, sceolon ; p. sceolde, scolde, scealde, scalde; subj.
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Ger. scolan; prs. scal, pl. sculumes; p. scolta: Icel. skulu ; prs. skal, pl. skulum; p. skyldi.]

Linked entries: ge-scola sceal

wer

(n.)
Grammar
wer, es; m.
Entry preview:

Heó leofode mid hyre were seofan gér of hyre fǽmnháde, Lk. Skt. 2, 36: Cd. Th. 134, 1; Gen. 2218. Gif mon hǽme mid monnes wífe, gebéte ðam were, L. Alf. pol. 10; Th. i. 68, 9: Exon. Th. 153, 6; Gú. 821. Gif wuduwe binnan geáres fæce wer geceóse, L.

Linked entry: wíf

setl

(n.)
Grammar
setl, sedl, seðl, seotl, sotl, seatl, sitl (-el, -ol, -ul), es; pl. setl, setlu, sotelas, setlas (
Entry preview:

Sotelas sella , Germ. 393, 143. Seó wlitignes heora ræsta and setla, Blickl. Homl. 99, 33. Hé his líchoman forwyrnde séftra setla and symbeldaga, Exon. Th. 111, 33; Gú. 136. On ðæm forþmestum seatlum (seotlum.

Linked entries: sedl seotl setel setl-gang sitl ge-setl sotol

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