Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

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cniht

(n.)
Grammar
cniht, <b>; I.</b> add: <b>I b.</b> used in reference to a guild, a junior member (?);
Entry preview:

Th. 612, 23: 28: 32. ( The guild in this case was &#39;þegna gild. &#39;)

rád-stefn

Entry preview:

The later Latin versions are: Si tainus ascendisset, ut seruiret regi et equitatus sni uice fungeretur in familia sua, and: Si þegen ita profecisset, ut regi seruisset et uice sua equitaret in missiatico regis.

swǽre

(adv.)
Grammar
swǽre, swáre; adv.

Grievously, oppressively ⬩ graviter

Entry preview:

Se hláford hefig gioc slépte swáre on ða swyran sínra þegena, Met. 9, 56

Linked entry: swáre

dydest

(v.; part.)
Grammar
dydest, didst, didst put, Hy. 9, 55; Hy. Grn. ii. 292, 55: dydon they did, Lk. Bos. 10, 13; p.
Entry preview:

of dón

sunu

(n.)
Grammar
sunu, gen. a, u; dat. a, u; n. pl. a, u, o: there are also weak forms sing. suna; n. pl. sunan; gen. sunena; m.
Entry preview:

a son Mín se gecorena sunu (sune, Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. 3, 17. Sum man hæfde twegen suna (suno, Lind. Rush.) . . . ealle his þing gegaderude se gingra sunu (suno, Rush.), Lk. Skt. 15, 11, 13. Sunu Healfdenes, Beo. Th 1294; B. 645. Féng tó Beornica ríce Æþelfriþes

Linked entry: suna

heáfod-stocc

(n.)
Grammar
heáfod-stocc, es; m. This word, which occurs several times in charters that describe the boundaries of land, seems from the following passage to mean
Entry preview:

A stock or post on which the head of a criminal was fixed after beheading Heora lima man ealle tóbrǽd ǽlc fram óðrum . . . and ðá heáfodleásan man héngc on ðá portweallas, and man sette heora heáfda swilce óþra ðeófa búton ðám portweallon on ðám heáfodstoccum

éstful-líce

(adv.)
Entry preview:

Hé mé þus éstfullíce æt þisum baðe þegnað mihi solet tam devotissime ad lavandum obsequi, 343, 13. Add

Q

Grammar
Q, This letter occurs but seldom in Anglo-Saxon; in those native words where qu is now found, e. g. quick, quoth, cw or cu was written, cwic, cuic, cwæþ, cuæþ. In the glossary (belonging to the eighth century) given in Wrt. Voc. ii. 98 sqq. are six instances of words beginning with qu, and four others occur in the same volume; in the Blickling Gloss the form quémde glosses complacebam, and the foreign word
Entry preview:

reliquias retained its original form

-tig

(suffix)
Grammar
-tig, -ty, a numeral suffix in words denoting the decades; up to 60 such words are formed with a suffix only, from 60 to 120 hund is prefixed and tig suffixed, hund-seofon-tig, hund-twelf-tig. Other dialects make a distinction in the numerals at the same point. Gothic uses tigus (pl. tigjus) in the earlier, -téhund in the later, O. Saxon -tig in the earlier, while 70 is given by ant-siƀunta; in
Entry preview:

O. H. Ger. the two forms are -zug and -zó. In O. Frs. and Icel. the same forms are used throughout. Tig is another form of the root seen in ten (tehan, g for h according to Verner's Law)

hearga

(n.)
Grammar
hearga, an; m.

a grove ⬩ a temple ⬩ fane ⬩ an idol

Entry preview:

[For pl. hearga; f. substitute: a place sacred to a god, with an idol and an altar. a grove Hearga lucum (the word occurs among glosses to Aldhelm between one on Ald. 50, 25 and another on 50, 27: in the text between these lucum does not occur), Wrt.

cwom

(v.; part.)
Grammar
cwom, pl. cwómon came; venit, venerunt; have the same meanings as the contracted forms com, pl. cómon, p. of cuman , q. v. The p. indic., pl. cwómon,-an, -un; p. subj.
Entry preview:

Ðá hleóðor cwom when the sound came, Cd. 181; Th. 226, 29; Dan. 178. Ðá ðú ǽrest cwóme when thou first camest, Exon. 39a; Th. 129, 25; Gú. 426. Hwonne bearn Godes cwóme when the child of God should have come, 10a; Th. 10, 6; Cri. 148. To Hierasalem cwómon

ge-lífedlíce

(adv.)
Grammar
ge-lífedlíce, adv.
Entry preview:

Xersis swíþe geliéfedlíce his þegne gehiérde, and þonan áfór regem Mardonius adgreditur, suadens regem in regnum redire oportere . . . Probato consilio . . . rex Abydum proficisitur, Ors. 2, 5; S. 84, 1.

þæran

(v.)
Grammar
þæran, (? þærran)

to dry ⬩ wipe

Entry preview:

to dry, wipe Hé ðá hét geótan wæter on mundleów and ongan his þegna fét þweán and þæran (other MSS. have þar an, þær ana; the Latin in Jn. 13, 5 is extergere.

Linked entries: þerran þirran

hwol

Grammar
hwol, An. Ox. 37, 6. The word is given as a gloss to infingens in the passage : Inruit in quamdam spinulam . . . medelanium plantae ipsius
Entry preview:

infigens, Guth. Gr. 153

on-sting

Grammar
on-sting, Add: the right to intervene, or thrust oneself into, the affairs of another. Cf. stingan; <b>Ia</b>
Entry preview:

Icc nelle nâteswhôn geþafian ꝥ þaer æ̂nig man æ̂nigne onstyng habbe on æ̂nigum þingum, Cht. E. 303, 10

acol-mód

(adj.)
Grammar
acol-mód, adj.

Of a fearful mind ⬩ timid ⬩ pavidus animo

Entry preview:

Þegnas wurdon acolmóde the thanes were chilled with terror, Andr. Kmbl. 753; An. 377

for-

(prefix)
Grammar
for-, is used in composition in Anglo-Saxon exactly as the English for: it often deteriorates, or gives an opposite sense, or gives strength to the words before which it is placed; in which case it may be compared with Gothic fra-, Dutch and German ver- [different from the Dutch voor, and German vor]. Forbeódan to forbid; fordéman to condemn; forcúþ perverse, corrupt; fordón to destroy, to do for. — Sometimes fór denotes an increase of the signification of the word before which it is placed, and is then generally to be in English very; valde, as fó;r-eáde very easily,
  • Homl. Th. ii. 138, 35
: fór-oft very often,
  • Bd. de nat. rerum
    • ;
  • Wrt. popl. science 11, 8
    • ;
  • Lchdm. iii. 256, 16.
For- and fór-, or fóre- are often confounded, though they are very different in meaning; as forseón [Flem. versien] to overlook, despise; fór- or fóreseón [Flem. veursien] to foresee. — If a word, having for, fór or fóre prefixed, cannot be found under for-, fór- or fóre-, it must be sought under the simple term, and the sense of the preposition added; thus, fór- or fóre-sendan is from sendan to send, and fór-, fóre before, to send before, etc. [On the vowel in for, fore, see remark in the preface.]

Linked entries: -witol -wríþan stalian syngian meltan myrþrian nefa pyndan of-drincan -sáwenlic scirian seáþ setness -sewen -sewenlic -sewenlíce -sewenness síþ stregdan teón treddan trúwung weorþan manig micel nǽman neáh irman þrǽstness witig wlencan wrégan wundian wyrht brítan fær- feallan fyllan gǽgan gǽgednes trúwian þeahtung þeón þingian -wyrpness

apostol

(n.)
Grammar
apostol, es; m: also like the Lat. Apostolus; g. -i; m.

One sent ⬩ an apostle ⬩ apostolus

Entry preview:

One sent, an apostle; apostolus [ = ἀπόστολος, ἀπό from, στέλλω to send] Se eádiga apostol Simon the blessed apostle Simon, Homl. Th. ii. 492, 7. He apostolas geceás, ðæt sind ǽrendracan he chose apostles, that are messengers, Ælfc. T. 26, 17. Ðá gesáwon

Linked entry: postol

a-wyrgda

(n.)
Grammar
a-wyrgda, an; m. [the def. pp. of a-wyrgian to curse]

The cursed ⬩ the devil ⬩ diabolus

Entry preview:

The cursed, the devil; diabolus, Cd. 220; Th. 284, 3; Sat. 316

Beorwíc

(n.)
Grammar
Beorwíc, [wíc a village or residence, Beornica of the Bernicians; Berniciorum vicus]

BERWICK on Tweed

Entry preview:

BERWICK on Tweed, Som

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