Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

efnan

(v.)
Grammar
efnan, p. ede, de; pp. ed; v. trans.

to throw down, prostrate, level, lay lowprosternĕreto perform, execute, labour, achieve patrāre, perpetrāre, facĕre, præstāre

Entry preview:

to throw down, prostrate, level, lay low; prosternĕre Ic efne to eorþan ealdne ceorl I throw down the old churl to earth.

Linked entries: æfnan efnian ge-efnan

fréfran

(v.)
Grammar
fréfran, p. ede; pp. ed

To comfortconsoleconsōlāri

Entry preview:

earme fréfraþ they comfort the poor, 33 b; Th. 106, 29; Gú. 48. Ðu me fréfredest tu me consōlātus es, Ps. Th. 85, 17: Blickl. Homl. 135, 23. Cwæþ he ðæt gewunalíce word ðara fréfrendra dixit sŏlĭto consōlantium sermōne, Bd. 5, 5; S. 681, 9.

Linked entry: ge-fréfran

leód-hata

(n.)
Grammar
leód-hata, an; m.

A tyrant

Entry preview:

Hér sind on earde leódhatan grimme ealles tó manege herein the land are fierce tyrants all too many, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 109, 155. Áwyrgede womsceaðan, leáse leódhatan, Elen. Kmbl. 2597; El. 1300.

óþ-standan

(v.)
Grammar
óþ-standan, I.
Entry preview:

Ðæt is lang tó sæcganne, hú ða wurdon generede in ðære Noes earce, ða ðe ðǽr tó láfe ófstódon. Wulfst. 206, 30. to remain standing and so prove an obstacle Ðæt swefn swíðe óþstód manegum mínra leóda ( the dream interpreted by Daniel), Cd.

gér

(n.)
Grammar
gér, es; n.

a yearannus

Entry preview:

in Anglo-Saxon is gér a year, hence, this Rune not only stands for the letter g, but for gér a year, as,- RUNE [gér] byþ gumena hiht, ðonne God lǽteþ hrusan syllan beorhte blǽda beornum and þearfum the year is the hope of men, when God letteth the earth

wiþer-sæc

(n.)
Grammar
wiþer-sæc, es; n.

strivingoppositioncontradictiondenialapostasyrecusancy

Entry preview:

Wearð geopenad his earman wífe his mánfullan behát ðam deófle ... Heó cýdde Basilie hyre cnihtes wiþersæc, i. 3, 408

sǽtian

(v.)
Grammar
sǽtian, sǽtan; ode

To lie in wait for, waylay

Entry preview:

Hé sǽtaþ (insidiatur) ðæt hé bereáfige ðone earman. Ps. Th. 9, 30. Se synfulla sǽtaþ ðæs rihtwísan observabit peccator justum, 36, 12. Hý sǽtiaþ mín susceperunt me, 16, 11. Ðú scealt fiersna sǽtan, Cd. Th. 56, 18; Gen. 913.

Linked entries: sǽt sǽtan sǽtnian

sáre

(adv.)
Grammar
sáre, adv.

Sorely, grievously, bitterly

Entry preview:

Sorely, grievously, bitterly Wǽron earme men sáre beswicene (sorely deceived ) and hreówlíce besyrwde, Wulfst. 158, 11 note. Hrinon hearmtánas hearde and sáre drihta bearnum, Cd. Th. 61, 5; Gen. 992.

wilde

(adj.)
Grammar
wilde, adj.

Having powerpowerfulstrong

Entry preview:

Hié wyldran wǽron ðonne hié, and hié mid ealle of ðæm earde ádrifon urbem suo generi vendicant, patrimonia dominorum sibi usurpant, extorres dominos procul abigunt Ors. 4, 3; Swt. 162, 18: Blickl. Homl. 151, 3

ofer-híran

(v.)

not to listen to, to disregard, disobeyto overhear, hear

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Hié þurh his láre oferhiérdon ðǽm godum, 4, 12; Swt. 210, 2. to overhear, hear Swá ic mid mínum eárum oferhýrde, L. O. 8; Th. i. 180, 29: L. C. S. 23; Th. i. 388, 24.

Linked entry: ofer-hýran

or-módness

(n.)
Grammar
or-módness, e; f.

Desperation, despair

Entry preview:

Ðá se earma man ðus mid ormódnesse sprecendé wæs sic loquebatur miser desperans, 5, 13; S. 633, 21. Tó ormódnesse ad desperationem, Past. 14, 3; Swt. 83, 19: 21, 7; Swt. 165, 19.

ge-þancian

(v.)
Grammar
ge-þancian, -þoncian; p. ode, ede; pp. od, ed [þancian to thank]

To thankgive thanksrewardgrătias agĕre

Entry preview:

To thank, give thanks, reward; grătias agĕre Geþance ðé þeóda Waldend, ealra ðæra wynna ðe ic on worulde gebád I thank thee, Lord of the nations, for all the delights which I have experienced on earth, Byrht. Th. 136, 57; By. 173.

Linked entry: þancian

hleówan

(v.)
Grammar
hleówan, hleón, hlýwan; p. de.

to make warm, cherish, protect, shelterto become warm

Entry preview:

to make warm, cherish, protect, shelter Ðære sunnan hǽto ðe ðás eorðan hlýweþ the heat of the sun which warms this earth, Blickl. Homl. 51, 21. Wudubearwas eorþwelan hleóþ [cf. holtes hleó; or is rén the subject of the verb?]

Linked entry: hleón

uppan

(prep.)
Grammar
uppan, (-on); prep. dat. acc.

upononaboveuponatafteruponon touponagainst

Entry preview:

I. 3. marking object of attack, upon, against Hé fór uppon heora bróðer and uppon ðone earl wann, Chr. 1095; Erl. 231, 8-10. Se cyng his fyrde beád, and uppon ðone earl tó Norðhymbran fór, Erl. 231, 26.

Linked entries: uppon on-uppan

æðele

(n.; adj.)
Grammar
æðele, eðele; comp. -ra; sup. -ast, -est, -use; adj.

nobleeminent, not only in blood or by descent, but in mindexcellentfamoussingularnobilisgenerosuspræstabilisegregiusexcellensnoblevigorousyoungnobilisnovellus

Entry preview:

noble, eminent, not only in blood or by descent, but in mind, excellent, famous, singular; nobilis, generosus, præstabilis, egregius, excellens Se eorl wæs æðele the earl was noble, Cd. 59; Th. 72, 5; Gen. 1182.

Linked entry: eðele

rǽcan

(v.)
Grammar
rǽcan, p. rǽhte.
Entry preview:

To reach, extend, stretch forth Ic wíde rǽce ofer engla eard, Exon. Th. 482, 26; Rä. 67, 7. Yldo rǽceþ wíde, Salm. Kmbl. 588; Sal. 294. Heó rǽhte mid handum tó heofoncyninge, Cd. Th. 292, 7; Sat. 437 : Beo. Th. 1499; B. 747.

Linked entry: a-rǽcan

ge-cnáwan

(v.)
Grammar
ge-cnáwan, ic -cnáwe, ðú -cnáwest, -cnǽwst, he -cnáweþ, -cnǽwþ, pl. -cnáwaþ; p. -cneów, pl. -cneówon; pp. -cnáwen

To knowperceiveunderstandrecognisenoscereagnosceresentirecognoscere

Entry preview:

Ic hafu gecnáwen ðæt ðú Hǽlend eart middangeardes I have perceived that thou art the Saviour of the world, Elen. Kmbl. 1613; El. 808. Ðú miht ða sóðan gesǽlþa gecnáwan thou mayest recognise the true goods, Bt. 23; Fox 78, 32; 80, 2

Linked entry: ge-cneów

ge-lǽran

(v.)
Grammar
ge-lǽran, ic -lǽre, ðú -lǽrest, -lǽrst, he -lǽreþ, -lǽrþ, pl. -lǽraþ; p. -lǽrde; pp. -lǽred, -lǽrd

To teacheducateinstructadvisepersuadeinducedŏcēreerŭdīrepersuādēre

Entry preview:

Ic eom gelǽred dŏceor; ðú eart gelǽrd dŏcēris; he is gelǽrd dŏcētur, 27; Som. 29, 21. Beóþ gelǽrede gé ðe démaþ eorþan erŭdīmĭni qui judĭcātis terram, Ps. Spl. 2, 10

Linked entry: ge-lǽred

un-strang

(adj.)
Grammar
un-strang, adj.

Not strongweakfeeble

Entry preview:

Hwæt is se intinga ðæt in þúsend manna ðé ne magon ástyrian, swá unstrang swá ðú eart? Homl. Skt. i. 9, 110. Á sceal man ðam unstrangan men líðelícor déman ðonne ðam strangan, L. C. S. 69; Th. i. 412, 4.

and

(prep.)
Grammar
and, prep. dat. acc.

WithcumAgainstbeforeonintocontraapudin

Entry preview:

Ðæt is cræft eágorstreámes, wætres and eorþan, and on wolcnum eác that is the power of the sea, of water on earth, and also in the clouds, Bt. Met. Fox 20, 245; Met. 20, 123.