Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

frignung

(n.)
Grammar
frignung, e; f.

Question ⬩ inquiry

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Question, inquiry Ac þá word mé secgendum óðru sócn and frignung ( fríninge, áxung, v.ll.) on mód becumen sed mihi haec dicenti alia suboritur quaestio, Gr. D. 137, 29. Náht tó láfe ne wunað þǽre frignunge and ácsunge be þám wísum de his nihil quaestionis

Linked entry: frægning

friþiend

(n.)
Grammar
friþiend, friþigend, es; m.

A protector

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A protector Hé ys úre friðigend and úre gescyldend adjutor et protector noster est, Ps. Th. 32, 17. Þú eart mín friðiend and mín gefultumend and mín gescyldend adjutor meus et liberator meus esto, 39, 21. Uton lufian úre cyrican, for ðám heó bið úre

gilpen

(adj.)
Grammar
gilpen, adj.

Boastful

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Boastful Ne mæg he geþyldgian ðæt he ðæt forhele ac wierþ ðonon gilpen he cannot bear to conceal it, but becomes boastful on account of it, Past. 33, 2; Swt. 216, 9: Cot. MS. Wát ic ðæt wǽron Caldéas gúðe ðæs gilpne I knew that the Chaldeans were so

Linked entry: gilpna

dóm

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Add Dóm censura, Wrt. Voc. ii. 21, 35: 24, 5. judgement. where an opinion is formed Ðá dysegan men sint ǽlces dómes swá blinde, ꝥ hí nyton hwǽr ðá sóþan gesǽlþa sint gehýdde, Bt. 32, 3; F. 118, 22. Þætte ealra heora dóme ( judicio ) gecoren wǽre, hwanone

hweorfan

(v.)
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Add: p. hwearf, pl. hwurfon, hweorfon; pp. hworfen. where there is motion from one place to another. to move about, wander Þá gástas þe for Gode hweorfað, Gn. C. 59. Lond-rihtes *-* mót monna ǽghwylc ídel hweorfan, B. 2888. Holt hweorfende, Rä, 57, 3

swingel

(n.)
Grammar
swingel, swingell, e; and swingel[l]e, an ; f.

a stripe, stroke ⬩ a scourging, whipping, flogging ⬩ a scourge, rod, whip ⬩ a swingle, a stick to beat flax ⬩ the swingle ⬩ le pesselin ⬩ to swingle the flax ⬩ estonger vostre lyn ⬩ excussorium, excudia ⬩ exculidium ⬩ excudium ⬩ to beat flax ⬩ chastisement, affliction

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literal, a stripe, stroke Hine man þreáge mid teartran steóre, ðæt is, him síge on swin-gella wracu ( verberum vindicta). Gif hé þurh ða swingella ne biþ geriht . . . R. Ben. 52, 6-8. Mid teartum swingellum acribus verberibus, 54, 4. Geswencte on bendum

Linked entry: swincgel

BURH

(n.)
Grammar
BURH, burg; gen. burge; dat. byrig, byrg; acc.burh, burg; pl. nom. acc. burga; gen. burga; dat. burgum; f. [beorh, beorg =
Similar entries
burh
,
Similar entries
burg
the impert. of
Similar entries
beorgan
to defend
].

to defend ⬩ arx, castellum, mons ⬩ a castle ⬩ a fortified place, fortress, castle, palace, walled town, dwelling surrounded by a wall or rampart of earth ⬩ arx, castellum, mons, palatium, urbs munita, domus circumvallata ⬩ Peter's burg = Peterborough ⬩ a city, town, burgh, borough ⬩ urbs, civitas, oppidum

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the original signification was arx, castellum, mons, a castle for defence. It might consist of a castle alone; but as people lived together for defence and support, hence a fortified place, fortress, castle, palace, walled town, dwelling surrounded by

án

(n.; num.; adj.; pronoun.)
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Add: as numeral, one. cardinal, alone, as adj. Þes an blinda man getácnode eall mancynn, Hml. Th. i. 154, 10. Hí forþférdon on ánum mónþe, Chr. 888; P. 82, 4. Áne (-um, v. l. ) geáre ǽr his deáþe, 46; P. 6, 20: 885; P. 78, 23. Ǽne síðe (áne síða, v.

lǽn

(n.)
Grammar
lǽn, lán [v. under lǽn-land], e; f.

a loan ⬩ grant ⬩ gift ⬩ lease ⬩ fee ⬩ fief

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a loan, grant, gift Lǽn commodum, Ælfc. Gl, 14; Som. 58, 5; Wrt. Voc. 21, 1. Lǽn commodum, lucrum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 132, 1 : depositum i. e. commendatum, 139, 1. Borg vel lǽn fenus i. e. lucrum, usura, 148, 24. Tó hwíle lǽn momentum, Ælfc. Gl. 15; Som.

Linked entries: lǽne lǽn-land

hálig

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Add: <b>A</b>. adjectival. set apart for religious use, consecrated, sacred Hálig leger cimiterium, Wrt. Voc. i. 34, 9. Seó stów þe þú on stynst ys hálig eorðe ( sancta terra ), Ex. 3, 5. Æfter gewuna dæges hálges ( diei festi ), Lk. L. R

óðer

(n.; num.; adj.; pronoun.)
Grammar
óðer, indef. prn.
Entry preview:

and ordinal, used as adj. and as subst. always of strong declension. I. when two definite objects are referred to, one of two Him wearþ óðer eáge mid ánre flán út áscoten ictu sagittae oculum perdidit Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 112, 15. Hé hyne onsende myd twám

niman

(v.)
Grammar
niman, p. nam, pl. námon; pp. numen (kept in the slang word nim = steal. Cf. Shakspere's Corporal Nym).

to take ⬩ receive ⬩ get ⬩ sumere ⬩ accipere ⬩ to take ⬩ keep ⬩ hold ⬩ tenere ⬩ to take ⬩ catch ⬩ to contain ⬩ to take (with one) ⬩ carry ⬩ bring ⬩ to take (to one) ⬩ give ⬩ to take forcibly ⬩ seize ⬩ take away ⬩ carry off ⬩ tollere ⬩ capessere ⬩ auferre ⬩ rapere

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to take, receive, get; sumere, accipere Nimþ sumpserint, Kent. Gl. 1056. Hwár nime wé (hwonon ús tó niomane, Rush.) swá fela hláf ? Mt. Kmbl. 15, 33. Cristes onsægdnesse ðe wé æt ðæm weofode nimaþ, Blickl. Homl. 77. 5. Ðæt ( food ) hé ǽr tó blisse nam

Linked entry: bi-nom

ǽror

(adv.)
Grammar
ǽror, ǽrror, ǽrur, ǽrer; adv.

Before ⬩ formerly ⬩ antea ⬩ prius

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Before, formerly; antea, prius Weras on wonge wibed setton, neáh ðam ðe Abraham ǽror rǽrde the men placed an altar in the plain, near that which Abraham had reared before, Cd. 90; Th. 113, 7; Gen. 1883. Se ðe fela ǽror fyrena gefremede he who before

Dene

(n.)
Grammar
Dene, nom. acc; gen.a ; dat.um; pl. m.

The Danes ⬩ Dāni

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The Danes; Dāni Ðá ða Engle and Dene to friþe and to freóndscipe fullíce féngon when the English and Danes fully took to peace and to friendship, L. E. G; Th. i. 166, 7. Gif hláford his þeówan freóls-dæge nýde to weorce, gylde lahslihte inne on Dena

fleám

(n.)
Grammar
fleám, flǽm, es; m. [fleón to flee]

Flight ⬩ fŭga

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Flight; fŭga Ðæt eówer fleám on iwintra ne geweorþe ut non fiat fŭga vestra in hieme, Mt. Bos. 24, 20: Chr. 998; Erl. 135, 19. Wurdon feówer on fleáme folccyningas four kings of nations were in flight, Cd. 95; Th. 125, 4; Gen. 2074: Chr. 477; Erl. 12

Linked entry: flǽm

hefig-tíme

(adj.)
Grammar
hefig-tíme, -týme; adj.

Grievous ⬩ wearisome ⬩ tedious ⬩ troublesome

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Grievous, wearisome, tedious, troublesome Hefigtýme leahter is ungefóh fyrwitnys immoderate curiosity is a troublesome vice, Homli. Th. ii. 374, 2. Gif hit is hefigtýme on ðyssere worulde hit becymþ tó micelre méde on ðære tóweardan if it is productive

Linked entry: hefe-tíme

irringa

(adv.)
Grammar
irringa, irrenga; adv.

Angrily ⬩ in anger

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Angrily, in anger Be ðæm ilcan hé cwæþ eft ierrenga hinc iterum iratus dicit, Past. 56, 7; Swt, 435, 11. Ðá tó evan god yrringa spræc, Cd. 43; Th. 56, 27; Gen. 918. Seó beó sceal losian ðonne heó hwæt yrringa stingþ the bee shall perish when she stings

leahtrian

(v.)
Grammar
leahtrian, p. ode.

impeach ⬩ accuse ⬩ blame ⬩ revile ⬩ reproach ⬩ to corrupt ⬩ vitiate

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to charge with crime, impeach, accuse, blame, revile, reproach Ic leahtrige criminor; ic leahtrode criminatus sum, Ælfc. Gr. 25; Som. 26, 61. Man godfyrhte lehtreþ ealles tó swíðe godfearing men are reviled far too much, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 110, 163. Ða

neoþor

(adv.)
Grammar
neoþor, nioþor, niþor; adv.

Lower ⬩ in an inferior position

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(without a positive form) Lower, in an inferior position Niþor inferius, nyþemyst infime, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 42, 14. Se ðe wæs neoþor on endebyrdnysse wearþ fyrmest on þrowunge he (Stephen) that was lower in order, was first in suffering, Homl. Th. i

Linked entry: niþor

norþe-weard

(adj.)
Grammar
norþe-weard, adj.

Northward ⬩ north

Entry preview:

Northward, north Norþeweard, ðǽr hit smalost wǽre, hit mihte beón þreora míla brád tó ðæm móre the northern part of Norway, where it was narrowest, might be three miles broad to the mountains, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 31. Ðonne is tóemnes ðæm lande súþeweardum

Linked entry: norþ-weard