Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

wegan

(v.)
Grammar
wegan, p. , pl. ; pp.

to move, bear, carry, bring, transport to bring, cause to bear, support to bear, carry, to have bearwearto haveto be under the influence of havebear to bear, submit toto weigh,to put something in a balance to be equal to To move

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Grendel heteníðas wæg, Beo. Th. 307; B. 152. Módþrýðo wæg cwén, 3867; B. 1931 : Cd. Th. 135, 6; Gen. 2238. Ic wæg módceare micle, Beo. Th. 3559 ; B. 1777. Wedera helm heortan sorge wæg, 4919 ; B. 2464: Exon.

Linked entry: æt-wegan

ge-weorþan

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Ic þé bǽd þæt þú léte Suð-Dene sylfe geweorþan guðe wið Grendel I prayed you to let the South Danes themselves settle their quarrel with Grendel, B. 1996.

wiht

(n.)
Grammar
wiht, e ; f. : es; n.

a wightcreaturebeingcreated thinga whitthingaughtanythingwithout a negativeaughtalonewith a genitive

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Wiht unhǽlo ( Grendel ), Beo. Th. 241; B. 120. Werge wihta ( devils ), Exon. Th. 455, 29; Hy. 4, 57. Unfǽle men, wudewásan, unfǽle wihtu satiri vel fauni Wrt. Voc. i. 17, 20. Ðas fúlan wuhta (wizards) ðú sceoldest áwurpan of ðínum ríce, Homl.

gód

(n.)
Grammar
gód, es; n.
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Nát hé þára góda, þæt hé mé ongeán sleá, rand geheáwe he knows not of such advantages as striking at me, hewing my shield (Grendel could not do these things as he had no sword), B. 681. Weán dreógan, góda bedǽled, Sat. 186.

hǽþen

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Hé (Grendel) feorh álegde hǽðene sáwle, 852. of things, pertaining to non-Christian people, or to their religion and customs Hearhlicre, þæs hǽþenan vel templicre fanatice, i. profani. Wrt. Voc. ii. 147, 38. Of hǽþenum gewunan apostatico ritu, An.

lác

(n.)
Grammar
lác, generally neuter, but occasionally feminine
  • [v. Shrn. pp. 3-4],
or masculine, as in the compound lyb-lác q. v.

battlestrugglean offeringsacrificeoblationa giftpresentgracefavourservicea presentoffering of wordsa messagemedicine

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Hé fræt fíftýne men and óðer swylc út offerede láðlícu lác he (Grendel) devoured fifteen men and as many bore away, horrid sacrifices, Beo.

Linked entries: freó-lác lácan lǽc

þe

(adv.; con.; pronoun.)
Grammar
þe, indecl.
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Heó ða fǽhðe wræc, þe ðú Grendel cwealdest, Beo. Th. 2672; B. 1334. Áras sceoldon wilspella mǽst gesecgan, ðe ðæt sigor beácen méted wǽre, Elen. Kmbl. 1967; El. 985.

Linked entry: þý

findan

to come acrossto obtainfindto meet withexperiencebe exposed tofind difficultyprocureto visitlearnarrangesettleto determineto supplyprovidefurnish

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Líg eall fornam þæt hé grénes fond, Gen. 2549. Nó wé oferhygdu ánes monnes máran fundon, GD. 241. Þá fundon hié óþre flocráde, Chr. 917; P. 98, 4. Námon hí menn, and swá hwæt swá hí findan mihtan, Chr. 1046; P. 166, 16.

under

(prep.)
Grammar
under, prep. adv.

Underunderat the foot ofunderwithinamongbelowbeneathdown

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Ðá com of móre under misthleoþum Grendel gongan, 1425; B. 711. Under weallum, Cd. Th. 146, 6; Gen. 2418.

Linked entries: Middel-Seaxe þúsend

wrecan

(v.)
Grammar
wrecan, p. wræc, pl.wrǽcon; pp.wrecen

To drivepressto driveforce to moveto drive outexpelto drive outto expressutterreciteto drive inimpressinlayto drivepractisecarry outonto drivepress onto wreakto punishto punishto punishto punishto avengeto avengeto avengeto avengeto avengeto take vengeance (on)

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Heó ða fǽnde wræc, ðe ðú Grendel cwealdest, 2671; B. 1333. Wrecaþ ealdne níð, Exon. Th. 280, 3; Jul. 623. Swerie hé ðæt hé wítnunge ne wrece, L. Eth. vii. 17 ; Th. i. 332, 22. Ða dǽde wrece swíðe deópe se ðe cyning sý on þeóde, L. E.

licgan

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Hé on ræste geseah Grendel licgan aldorleásne, B. 1586. Hé smyrode án licgende mǽden on langsumum sáre, Hml. Th. ii. 150, 5. to lie sick or injured, keep one's bed Ðér wæs ðæt mægden licgende (licende, L. ), Mk. R. 5, 40.

winnan

(v.)
Grammar
winnan, p. wann , pl. wunnon; pp. wunnen.

intransto labourtoilworkto labour, endeavour, strive afterto labour, struggle, be troubledto labour under, suffer fromto strive, contend, fightof hostile action towards a personof competitionof opposition to things of the action of inanimate objectsto make warfightof the action of inanimate objectswith cognate accusativeto winmake one's waytransto labour atbestow labour uponto labour undersufferundergoto wingetattain

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Grendel wan wið Hróðgár, Beo. Th. 305 ; B. 151. Hí wunnon him betwýnan, Homl. Th. ii. 356, 24. Wunnon hý wið Dryhtnes mihtum, Salm. Kmbl. 655; Sal. 327. Ða Bryttas wunnon heom wið ða castelmenn, Chr. 1067; Erl. 204, 5. Win him on swýðe, Homl.

Linked entry: on-winnende

ge-wyrcan

(v.)
Entry preview:

Of grénum áre geworht, Bl. H. 127, 7. Beág of þornum geworht, Cri. 1446. Of, mid feówerfealdum cynne geworhte (statuam) quaterno (metallorum) genere fabrefactam, i. formatam . An. Ox. 1544.

hand

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. 2 ; Sch. 197, 20. expressing immediate source, at (a person's) hand Hé náh mid rihte óþres mannes tó onfónne æt fulluhte ne æt biscopes handa, Wlfst. 307, 28. be, by hand(s), with the hands: — Hine Beówulf hæfde be honda (Beowulf's hand clutched Grendel

se

(con.; pronoun.)
Grammar
se, sió, Lchdm. ii. 260, l; m.: seó, ðeó, Blickl. Homl. 65, 13; se, Lchdm. ii. 228, 8; f.: ðæt; n.
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Hé him ðæs leán forgeald tó ðæs ðe hé in ræste geseah Grendel lícgan he gave him reward for that so, or to such a degree, that he saw Grendel lie dead, Beo.

sculan

(v.)
Grammar
sculan,  sceolan; ic, hé sceal, scal, ðú scealt, pl. wé sculon, sceolon ; p. sceolde, scolde, scealde, scalde; subj.
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Sceoldon wræcmæcgas ofgiefan gréne beorgas, Exon. Th. 116, 5; Gú. 202. Ðonne hí siófian scioldon when they could not help sighing, Met. 26, 82. Ðý læs ic scyle leng þrowian, Andr. Kmbl. 154; An. 77.

Linked entries: ge-scola sceal

healdan

(v.)

to keep watch overkeep in chargeto keepto watch overkeepgovernrulea king to keepguardto watchto defendpreserveto holdtakearrestto have hold ofto holdto holdto hold upto maintainsupportupholdmanageto holdbearconductto behaveto handletreatdeal withto holdto holdto have possessionto holdoccupyan officea positionto holdto remain into retaindetainto keepto detainto keepto keepto keep oneselfremainto holdkeep togethercontinueto maintainkeepto performkeep watchto keepto keep unbrokeninviolateto keepto constraincompelrestrainstopto restrain oneselfrefrainto entertainto keep in mindrememberregardto hold asto holdto proceedmove onto continuego on withto go on

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Grendel móras heóld, B. 103. Þá þe heóldon hygeþancum hæleða rǽdas, El. 156. Ꝥ Ælfgifu sǽte on Winceastre mid þæs cynges húscarlum, and heóldan ealle West-Seaxan him tó handa, Chr. 1036; P. 161, 4.

(prep.)
Grammar
tó, prep. adv.

to, atso as to producebecometo (the satisfaction, etc. )to some end,for some purposefornext to,at,by,alongsidein,onnext toaftertoasfortoasforat,inof,fromto (in to do something to anything)according to,at,aftercompared to,in comparison with,besidein addition to,besidesfor,atto be sufferedatin the course of,in,onfor,duringtoto,forin,atto the extent,to such a degreeto,up to,until,tillat,in,onin addition,besides,tootoo

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Hé him ðæs leán forgeald tó ðæs ðe hé on reste geseah Grendel licgan He paid him the reward for it, where he saw Grendel lying on the couch, Beo. Th. 3175; B. 1585. Similar entries See tó-middes, II. marking purpose; see also 5.

Linked entry: -anne