Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

æ
þ

for-

(prefix)
Grammar
for-, is used in composition in Anglo-Saxon exactly as the English for: it often deteriorates, or gives an opposite sense, or gives strength to the words before which it is placed; in which case it may be compared with Gothic fra-, Dutch and German ver- [different from the Dutch voor, and German vor]. Forbeódan to forbid; fordéman to condemn; forcúþ perverse, corrupt; fordón to destroy, to do for. — Sometimes fór denotes an increase of the signification of the word before which it is placed, and is then generally to be in English very; valde, as fó;r-eáde very easily,
  • Homl. Th. ii. 138, 35
: fór-oft very often,
  • Bd. de nat. rerum
    • ;
  • Wrt. popl. science 11, 8
    • ;
  • Lchdm. iii. 256, 16.
For- and fór-, or fóre- are often confounded, though they are very different in meaning; as forseón [Flem. versien] to overlook, despise; fór- or fóreseón [Flem. veursien] to foresee. — If a word, having for, fór or fóre prefixed, cannot be found under for-, fór- or fóre-, it must be sought under the simple term, and the sense of the preposition added; thus, fór- or fóre-sendan is from sendan to send, and fór-, fóre before, to send before, etc. [On the vowel in for, fore, see remark in the preface.]

Linked entries: -witol -wríþan stalian syngian meltan myrþrian nefa pyndan of-drincan -sáwenlic scirian seáþ setness -sewen -sewenlic -sewenlíce -sewenness síþ stregdan teón treddan trúwung weorþan manig micel nǽman neáh irman þrǽstness witig wlencan wrégan wundian wyrht brítan fær- feallan fyllan gǽgan gǽgednes trúwian þeahtung þeón þingian -wyrpness

búfan

(prep.)
Grammar
búfan, búfon; prep. dat. [be-ufan]

Above ⬩ super

Entry preview:

Above; super; used in opposition to under God totwǽmde ða wæteru, ðe wǽron under ðære fæstnisse fram ðám ðe wǽron búfan ðære fæstnisse Deus divisit aquas, quæ erant sub firmamento ab his quæ erant super firmamentum. Gen. l, 7. Búfan ðam máran wealle

Linked entry: be-ufan

wíte-þeów

(adj.)
Grammar
wíte-þeów, adj.

In slavery as a consequence of crime

Entry preview:

In slavery as a consequence of crime Be wíteðeówes monnes slege. Gif wíteþeów Englisc mon hine forstalie, hó hine mon, L. In. 24; Th. i. 118, 6. Gif ðǽr hwylc wíteðeów man sý ðe hió geðeówede, hió gelýfð tó hyre bearnon ðæt hí hine willon lýhtan for

þyrstan

(v.)
Grammar
þyrstan, p. te

To thirst

Entry preview:

To thirst. Grammar þyrstan, used impersonally, Grammar þyrstan, with acc. of person Mé þyrst (ic ðyrsto, Lind., Rush.) sitio, Jn. Skt. 19, 28. Ne þyrst ðone nǽfre ðe on mé gelýfð (se ðe giléfeð(-es, Lind.) on mec ne ðyrsteð(-es, Lind.) ǽfre, Rush.) qui

út-fær

Entry preview:

Add: egress from an inclosure Ꝥ man næbbe infær ne útfær bútan leáfe ut nulli nisi per licentiam aditus potest intrandi aut exeundi, Chrd. 20, ll: 21, 16. agoing away, departure Hwæt gemǽnað þá þreó útfæru (-faru, v.l.) þe God Abrahame beád þus cweþende

swát

(n.)
Grammar
swát, es; n. [The passages in which the gender is marked are doubtful. Ðæt swót.
  • Lchdm. iii. 98, 17,
occurs in a late MS.; ísen swát,
  • ii. 296, 18,
be a compound; ða swát,
  • iii. 72, 28,
may be a mistake for spátl,
  • v. ii. 56, 15.
Dutch has a neuter, German and Scandinavian have masculines.]

sweat, perspiration ⬩ that which exudes like sweat ⬩ that which lies on anything as sweat lies on the skin(?) ⬩ used of other moisture that comes from the body, ⬩ foam ⬩ blood ⬩ sweat that comes from labour, hence labour, toil ⬩ sweat; blood

Entry preview:

sweat, perspiration Seofoðe (the seventh of the constituents from which Adam was made) wæs deáwes pund, ðanon him (Adam ) becom swát, Salm. Kmbl. 180. 15. Suát, Rtl. 192, 17. His swát ( sudor ) wæs swylce blódes dropan, Lk. Skt. 22, 44. Of ealdum cláðum

deáþ-þénunga

(n.)
Entry preview:

Substitute: <b>deáþ-þegnung,</b> e; f. Ministration to the dead; pl. exequies Deáþþénunga exequias, Wrt. Voc. ii. 30, 24. Hú mæg ic ðé ána gedéfelíce deáðþénunga gegearwian nymðe míne bróþor hider sín gesamnode? . . . Ðá þreó fǽmnan þám Maria

ge-

(prefix)
Grammar
ge-, Both ge- and gi- are used in the oldest glossaries: e. g. on
  • p. 48 of O. E. T.
nine words with the prefix occur; in four cases both the Epinal and Erfurt glosses have gi-, in one they have ge-, in two the Epinal has ge- where the Erfurt has gi-, and in two the Epinal has gi- where the other has ge-. In each case the
  • Corpus Gloss.
has ge-. In this glossary, however, gi- is found, e. g. gi-brec,
  • 2152
, and in later glossaries also, e. g. gi-mynd,
  • Wrt. Voc. ii. 53, 73.
Besides the forms given may be noted ga-eddun,
  • Erf. 75
; gy-byrdid,
  • Ep. 228.
In the
  • Durham Ritual
the regular form is gi-.
Entry preview:

Add:

ríþ

(n.)
Grammar
ríþ, es; m. (v. eá-ríþ) : e; f. : ríþe, an; f .A rithe (v. Halliw. Dict. and Leo A. S. Names of Places, p. 86 : the word is still to be found in North Frisian in the form ride, rie, to denote the bed of running water),
Entry preview:

a small stream Ríþ rivus ... lytel ríþ rivulus, Wrt. Voc. i. 54, 20-27 : rivus, 80, 62. Burne ł ríþe latex, Hpt. Gl. 447, 4. Norþ tó blacan ríþe, andlang ríþe, Cod. Dip. B. i. 296, 33. On fúlan ríþe, andlang ríþe, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 257, 32. On áne ríþe

hundred

(n.; num.; adj.)
Grammar
hundred, pl. u; n.

A hundred

Entry preview:

A hundred Getalu vel heápas vel hundredu centurias, Ælfc. Gl. 96; Som. 76, 25; Wrt. Voc. 53, 34. Ðeáh ðe heora hundred seó though there be a hundred of them, Ps. Th. 89, 10. On lxv and þreó hundræd hi beóþ tódǽlede they are divided into three hundred

Linked entry: hund

þurh

(prep.)
Grammar
þurh, þurg, þuruh, þorh, þorch, þerh, þerih, þærh; prep.

Through ⬩ through ⬩ for ⬩ during ⬩ through ⬩ by ⬩ through ⬩ by ⬩ by means of ⬩ by use of ⬩ through ⬩ in consequence of ⬩ as the result of ⬩ by reason of ⬩ on account of ⬩ through ⬩ from ⬩ through ⬩ in virtue of ⬩ by right of ⬩ in ⬩ by ⬩ in the character of ⬩ by way of ⬩ in ⬩ with ⬩ with a view to ⬩ through ⬩ by ⬩ in

Entry preview:

Through. Grammar þurh, with acc. v. also C. local, marking motion into and out at the opposite side Þorh (dorh, ðorh) ludgaet per seudoterum, Txts. 84, 741. Ðurh ða duru wé gáð in per hostium intramus, Ælfc. Gr. 47; Zup. 269, 18: Cd. Th. 29, 8; Gen.

Linked entries: þuruh þerh þorch þorh

gader-tang

Grammar
gader-tang, gæder-teng. l. -tenge,

Contiguous, conjoint, in contact or connexion ⬩ continuous

Entry preview:

and add: Contiguous, conjoint, in contact or connexion Gædertangne conjunctim (-um? ), Wrt. Voc. ii. 136, 33. of material things Ðá landgemǽro ðæsse búrlandes tó Abbendúne, ðæt is gadertang on þreó genamod, ðæt is Hengestes íg and Seofocanwyrð and Wihthám

-anne

(suffix)
Grammar
-anne, -enne, -ende the termination of the declinable infinitive in the dat. governed by to, as, = Ondréd to faranne timuit ire, Mt. Jun. and Th. 2, 22, but the B. MS. of A. D. 995 has farende, also Foxe, Bos. and the Rl. MS. about A. D. 1145. The Lind., about A. D. 957, has farenne [MS. færenne]. Alýfe me to farenne permitte me ire, Mt. Bos. 8, 21, and B. MS. about A. D. 995. Sometimes -ende is found, because -enne = ende, as in the preceding example farende about A. D. 995. Themost usual form is -anne, from the infin. -an; g. -annes; dat. -anne.

Linked entries: -an -ende -enne

æg

Grammar
æg, l.
Entry preview:

Dó ǽges ðæt hwíte tó, Lch. ii. 20, 12. Genim ǽges ðæt geoluwe, 22, 19. Ǽges geola, 130, 12. Nó ðonne bútan med-mycelne dǽl hláfes and án henne ǽg mid lytle meolc wætere gemengedre hé onféng, Bd. 3, 23; S. 554, 33. Þreó ǽgero, Shrn. 135, 18. Gif hit festendæg

híd

Grammar
híd, hígid.

familia

Entry preview:

Add: Ic sello Berhtsige án híde bóclondes, C. D. ii. 121, 4, and to such a form might belong the following genitives: Ánes hídes, 120, 33. Ánes hídes lond, C. D. B. ii. 268, 9. The nominatives híde, gyrde in, Þ næs án ǽlpig híde ne án gyrde landes,'

Linked entries: hígid híwisc

tungol-cræftiga

(n.)
Grammar
tungol-cræftiga, an; m.

An astrologer ⬩ astronomer

Entry preview:

An astrologer, astronomer Tungelcræftig[um? v. preceding word] caldeorum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 20, 28. Þreó tungolcræftegan cóman fram eástdǽles mǽgðum tó Criste, Shrn. 48, 17. Ðreá tungelcræftigo, Rtl. 2, 15. Ða tungulcræftega (-kræftgu, Rush.) Magi, Mt. Kmbl

Linked entry: tungol-cræfta

gang-dagas

Grammar
gang-dagas, Add:

days on which processions were made during which prayers for peace and prosperity were recited.

Entry preview:

days on which processions were made during which prayers for peace and prosperity were recited. [Cf. the description of 'lætania majora' On ðǽm dæge eall Godes folc mid eáðmódlice relicgonge sceal God biddan ꝥ hé him forgefe ðone geár siblice tíd, and

mór

Grammar
mór, I. add: — Hí eardiað an þæs gedwildes móre and meoxe (in luto heresis), Chrd. 96, 31. Móras salebras, i. loca lutosa, An. Ox. 17, 63. The word occurs often in charters, v. Midd. Flur.

ræps

(n.)
Grammar
ræps, reps, es; m.

A response (in the service of the church)

Entry preview:

A response (in the service of the church) Ǽfengebed ivespertinum officium, reps responsorium, rǽding lectio, Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 32. Sý án rǽding gerǽd, and án swýðe scort ræps æfterfylige, R. Ben. 34, 53. Án rǽding, æfter ðam reps (ræps,MSS. O. F. : ryps

Linked entry: reps

mitta

Entry preview:

Ne scyle nán mon blǽcern ǽlan under mittan ( sub modio), Past. 43, 3. Ðé ele ne áteórað ne melu on þínum mittan (hydria farinae non deficiet, nec lecythus olei minuetur, l Kings xvii. 14), Hml. S. 18, 63. On ǽghwelc þára fata mihte twégen mittan oþþe

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