Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

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dulmúnus

(n.)
Grammar
dulmúnus, gen. pl. dulmúna; m. The war-ship of the Greeks, which king Alfred assures us would hold a thousand men; longa nāvis. These ships were the μακρὰ πλοῖα or νῆες μακραί, generally called in Greek ὁ δρόμων, ωνος, m. the light war-vessel of the Greeks. They were the longæ nāves the long war-ships of the Romans, which had often more than fifty rowers. The Romans called their vessel drŏmo, ōnis, defining it as a fast rowing vessel, evidently deriving their word from the Greek δρόμων, Cod. Just. 1, 27, 1, § 8; Cassiod. Var. 5, 17, init. where it is described as 'trĭrēme vehĭcŭlum rēmōrum tantum nŭmĕrum prōdens, sed hŏmĭnum făcies dīlĭgenter abscondens.' Some suppose that Alfred derived his word dulmúnus from the Icel. drómundr, m. which Egilsson, in his Lexĭcon Poëtĭcum, Hafniæ, 8vo. 1860, explains 'nāves grandior, cūjus gĕnĕris tantum extra regiōnes septemtrionāles, ut in mări mediterrāneo, mentio fit,' S.E. i. 582, 3, Orkn. 82, 1, 3. Vigfusson, in his Icelandic-English Dictionary, 4to. Oxford, 1869-1874, in drómundr gives only the Latin and Greek, and O. H. Ger. drahemond as cognates. What Orosius, calls longas nāves, Alfred translates dulmúnus in Anglo-Saxon. As we read in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of A.D. 897; Th. i. 174, 4, Hét Ælfréd cyng timþrian lang-scipu ongén ða æscas king Alfred commanded to build long-ships against-, those ships, v. ÆSC IV.-Alfred, in his translation of Orosius, says
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Ǽr he [Ercol] ongan mid Creáca scypum, ðe mon dulmúnus hǽt, ðe man segþ ðæt in scip mǽge in þúsend manna before he [Hercules] began with Grecian ships, which are called dulmunus, of which it is said that one ship can hold a thousand men, Ors. 1, 10; Bos

fird

(n.)
Grammar
fird, faerd, ferd, fierd, fyrd(e).

an expedition ⬩ campaign ⬩ an army ⬩ a camp

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Hé sende firde ge of West-Seaxum ge of Mercum, 910; P. 94, 28. Fyrde, 993; P. 127, 27. regulations concerning the fird (see, too, the compounds): Gif þisses hwæt gelimpe þenden fyrd úte sié, hit sié twybóte, Ll. Th. i. 88, ii.

Linked entries: færd ferd fierd fyrd fyrd-

heáfod

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Ceruerus sceolde habbanþrió heáfdu, Bt. 35, 6; F. 168, 17. the head as the seat of thought Ðæt heáfod sceal wísian ðǽm fótum, Past. 131, 24. Hond sceal heófod in wyrcan, Gn.

ge-weorþan

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Heora líchoman beóþ tó dúste gewordne, 101, 2. of the seate to which things come, of the event of matters, to become, come to Uton geþencan tó hwám þá gewurdan þe beforan ús wǽron, and tó hwám wé gewurðan sceolon. Wlfst. 136, 9-11.

þurfan

(v.)
Grammar
þurfan, prs. ic, he þearf, ðú þearft, pl. wé þurfon; p. þorfte; subj. prs. is þurfe, þyrfe, pl. þurfen, þyrfen; prs. ptcpl. þurfende, þyrfende

To need ⬩ to be in need ⬩ have need of something ⬩ to need to do something ⬩ to be bound to do something because it is right ⬩ to be obliged ⬩ be compelled by destiny ⬩ to have good cause or reason for doing something ⬩ to be use, to be good for a person to do something ⬩ to owe

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Th. ii. 130, 5. where the need arises from an advantage to be gained, or purpose to be served, to be use, to be good for a person to do something Ne þearf ic yrfestól bytlian it is no good or use for me to build an hereditary seat, Cd.

Linked entries: þearf þyrfende ge-þurfan

heáh

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Lóc hwenne ꝥ flód byþ ealra héhst, Chr. 1031 ; P. 158, 4. deep, high (seas) : — Se pytt héh (deóp, W. S. ) is, Jn. L. 4, 11. Heánne holm, Sat. 17; Wand. 82 : El. 983. Heá holmas, Az. 123.

Linked entry: dynt

lǽran

(v.)
Grammar
lǽran, p. de

To teach ⬩ instruct ⬩ educate ⬩ to preach ⬩ to exhort ⬩ admonish ⬩ advise ⬩ persuade ⬩ suggest

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Wæs ic seald tó fédanne and tó lǽranne datus sum educandus, Bd. 5, 24; S. 647, 22. Cyningas and ríce men sendon heora dóhtor ðider [France] tó lǽranne filias suas erudiendas mittebant; 3, 8; S. 531, 18.

síþ

(n.)
Grammar
síþ, es ; m.
Entry preview:

Hwílum ús earfoþlíce gesǽleþ on sǽwe ðéh wé síþ nesan frécne geféran at times we have hard hap at sea, though we come safe from and perform our dangerous voyage, Andr. Kmbl. 1030 ; An. 515. Ðære sunnan síþ behealdan, Exon. Th. 203, 27 ; Ph. 90.

Linked entries: síþemest síþmæst

scír

(n.)
Grammar
scír, e ; f.
Entry preview:

Hí lifedon of Eást-Seaxum and of ðám scírum ðe ðǽr nýxt wǽron, 1002 ; Erl. 143, 5. as an ecclesiastical term, the district in charge of an ecclesiastic (bishop, etc. ), a diocese, parish Swá biscop him tǽce ðe hit on his scýre sý, L. Edm.

Linked entry: scýr

ge-weald

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Inc sceal sealt wæter wunian on gewealde, Gen. 199. ꝥ Hit his yldran lǽfdan þám tó gewealde þe hý wel úðan, Ll. Th. i. 184, 3. Ágan heofon tó gewalde to have heaven at command, Sat. 415.

ge-þeódan

(v.)
Entry preview:

S. 23 b, 462. of situation, to be contiguous Eást-Seaxe syndon Temese streáme tósceádne fram Centlande and tó eástsǽ geðeódde ( orientali marl contigui ), Bd. 2, 3; Sch. 122, 16. to join together people, unite in one company Aldermen tósomne geþeóde

heard

firm ⬩ steadfast ⬩ resolute ⬩ bold ⬩ resolute ⬩ obdurate ⬩ rigid ⬩ unyielding ⬩ oppressive ⬩ rigorous ⬩ strict ⬩ harsh

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Ox. 890. intense in force or degree Gif seó sealf sié tó hear[d], geswét mid hunige, Lch. ii. 36, 16. Þonne heard gebrec, hlúd, unmǽte, swár and swíðlic, swégdynna mǽst, ældum egeslic, eáwed weorðeð, Cri. 954.

Linked entries: heard-fyrde heard-lic heardlíce heardness hearh-eard

Brunan burh

(n.)
Grammar
Brunan burh, gen. Brunan burge; dat. Brunan byrig; f.

Brunanburh, about five miles south-west of Durham, or on the plain between the river Tyne and the Browney,

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Gewitan him ðá Norþmen Went [gan] then the Northmen nægled-cnearrum — in their nailed barks — [dreórig daroða láf [the darts' sad leavings on dynges mere] on the noisy sea] ofer deóp wæter, over deep water, Dyflen sécean Dublin [Dyflen] eft Iraland.

wénan

(v.)
Grammar
wénan, p. de.

to ween ⬩ suppose ⬩ think ⬩ imagine ⬩ opine ⬩ believe ⬩ to hope ⬩ expect ⬩ look for

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Wénaþ ðæs sume, ðæt ic on seáð mid fyrenwyrhtum feallan sceolde aestimatus sum cum descendentibus in lacum 87, 4. Ic ðæs wénde, ðæt ic ongitan mihte existimabam ut cognoscerem hoc 72, 13. Wénde ðæs formoni man, ðæt wǽre hit úre hláford Byrht.

Linked entries: for-wénan wǽnan

ende-byrdnes

Grammar
ende-byrdnes, (-bred-, in Northern specimens).

a row ⬩ series ⬩ a rank ⬩ grade ⬩ degree ⬩ rank ⬩ position ⬩ degree ⬩ an order ⬩ order ⬩ order ⬩ order ⬩ method ⬩ regulation ⬩ ordering ⬩ an injunction ⬩ ordinance

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Gesinge hé fiftig sealma be endebyrdnysse (juxta ordinem), Ll. Th. ii. 134, 12. Sindon twá béc gesette on endebyrdnisse tó Salamones bócum, Ælfc. T. Grn. 8, 41. In endebrednesse in ordine (uicis suae ), Lk. R. L. 1, 8.

út

(adv.)
Grammar
út, adv.

out ⬩ beyond the bounds within which a thing is enclosed ⬩ out on an expedition ⬩ out ⬩ out ⬩ out ⬩ out ⬩ forth ⬩ to knock out ⬩ pull out ⬩ out ⬩ away from home ⬩ abroad ⬩ out ⬩ away from land ⬩ out ⬩ outside ⬩ not within doors ⬩ not in the house ⬩ abroad ⬩ out ⬩ externally

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Kmbl. 962; Sal. 480. summoning to service Ðáhét se cyng ábannan út ealne þeódscipe of West-Seaxum. Chr. 1006; Erl. 140, 8. Hét se cyning bannan út here ...

Linked entries: úte út-gársecg á-dón

of

(prep.; adv.)
Grammar
of, prep. with dat., or adv.

Of ⬩ from ⬩ out of ⬩ off ⬩ as regards ⬩ about

Entry preview:

Of Seaxum cóman Eást-Seaxan and Súþ-Seaxan and West-Seaxan, Bd. 1, 15; S. 483, 21-24. Ða men of Lundenbyrig, Chr. 896; Erl. 94, 17. Ðás woruldgesǽlþa of heora ágnum gecynde and heora ágnes gewealdes náuht góde ne sient, Bt. 16, 3; Fox 54, 17.

Linked entry: ob

þing

(n.)
Grammar
þing, es; n.
Entry preview:

Ic seah sellíc þing singan, Exon. Th. 413, 10; Rä. 32, 3. Hefon and eorþe and sǽ and ealle ða þing ðe on ðǽm syndon, Blickl. Homl. 91, 21. Ðinga scæpend rerum creator, Rtl. 180, 9.

standan

(v.)
Grammar
standan, p. stód, pl. stódon; pp. standen
Entry preview:

Homl. 227, 24. of things Se port stent betuh Winedum and Seaxum andAnglum, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 19, 23. Se steorra ána stent, Met. 29, 16. Nis ðæt feor heonon, ðæt se mere standeþ, Beo. Th. 2729; B. 1362. Se tóð se ðe bí ðam standeþ, L.

Linked entries: stondan for-stent

lǽtan

(v.)
Entry preview:

D. 6, 19. ofdúne, to let down, to cause or allow to descend Hié léton hiera hrægl ofdúne tó fótum, Ors. 3, 5; S. 106, 19, úp, to put ashore Hé cóm tó Sandwíc and lét þǽr úp (lét dón úp, v. l. ) þá gíslas, Chr. 1014; P. 145, 23. út, to put to sea Godwine

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