Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

æ
þ

for-

(prefix)
Grammar
for-, is used in composition in Anglo-Saxon exactly as the English for: it often deteriorates, or gives an opposite sense, or gives strength to the words before which it is placed; in which case it may be compared with Gothic fra-, Dutch and German ver- [different from the Dutch voor, and German vor]. Forbeódan to forbid; fordéman to condemn; forcúþ perverse, corrupt; fordón to destroy, to do for. — Sometimes fór denotes an increase of the signification of the word before which it is placed, and is then generally to be in English very; valde, as fó;r-eáde very easily,
  • Homl. Th. ii. 138, 35
: fór-oft very often,
  • Bd. de nat. rerum
    • ;
  • Wrt. popl. science 11, 8
    • ;
  • Lchdm. iii. 256, 16.
For- and fór-, or fóre- are often confounded, though they are very different in meaning; as forseón [Flem. versien] to overlook, despise; fór- or fóreseón [Flem. veursien] to foresee. — If a word, having for, fór or fóre prefixed, cannot be found under for-, fór- or fóre-, it must be sought under the simple term, and the sense of the preposition added; thus, fór- or fóre-sendan is from sendan to send, and fór-, fóre before, to send before, etc. [On the vowel in for, fore, see remark in the preface.]

Linked entries: scrífan scyldigian síðian -witol -wríþan stalian swelgan swígan swigian swíðan syngian trúwian þeahtung þeón þingian meltan myrþrian nefa pyndan of-drincan -sáwenlic scirian seáþ -wyrpness setness -sewen -sewenlic -sewenlíce -sewenness síþ stregdan teón treddan trúwung weorþan manig micel nǽman neáh irman þrǽstness witig wlencan wrégan wundian wyrht brítan fær- feallan fyllan gǽgan gǽgednes

DRÉFAN

(v.)
Grammar
DRÉFAN, part. dréfende; p. dréfde; pp. dréfed

To disturb, agitate, disquiet, vex, trouble ⬩ commovēre, turbāre, conturbāre, tribulāre, contristāre

Entry preview:

For-hwý unrót eart sáwle mín, and for-hwon dréfst me quare tristis es anĭma mea, et quare conturbas me? Ps. Spl. 41, 6, 15: 42, 5. Dréfaþ conturbant, Mone B. 2613. Ne lagu dréfde it disturbed not the water, Exon. 106 a; Th. 404, 31; Rä. 23, 16.

Linked entries: drýfan dróf ge-dréfan

for-gifnes

(n.)
Grammar
for-gifnes, -gyfnes, forgifnes-ness, -nyss, -gifeness, -gyfenes, -gyfennes, -gifeniss, -gifenys, -gefenes, -ness, e; f.

FORGIVENESS ⬩ remission ⬩ indulgence ⬩ permission ⬩ remissio ⬩ vĕnia ⬩ indulgentia

Entry preview:

His forgifnesse gumum to helpe dǽleþ dógra gehwam Dryhten weoroda the Lord of hosts dealeth his forgiveness each day for help to men, Exon. 14 a; Th. 27, 7; Cri. 427. Se næfþ on écnysse forgyfenesse non hăbēbit remissiōnem in æternum, Mk.

Linked entries: for-gefenes for-gyfenes fore-gefnes

for-leósan

(v.)
Grammar
for-leósan, he -lýst; p. ic, he -leás, ðú -lure, pl. -luron; subj. pres. -leóse, pl. -leósen; p. -lure, pl. -luran, -luren; pp. -loren

To lose ⬩ let go ⬩ destroy ⬩ amittĕre ⬩ perdĕre ⬩ destruĕre

Entry preview:

To lose, let go, destroy; amittĕre, perdĕre, destruĕre; — He wolde forleósan líca gehwilc he would destroy each body, Cd. 64; Th. 77, 26; Gen. 1281. His treowe for feógýtsunge forleósan fĭdem suam amōre pĕcūniæ perdĕre, Bd. 2, 12; S. 514, 40.

Linked entry: be-leósan

hunig

(n.)
Grammar
hunig, es; n.

Honey

Entry preview:

Tó ðam lande ðe eall fléwþ on riðum meolce and hunies ... of ðam lande ðe weóll meolce and hunie in terram, quæ fluit rivis lactis et mellis ... de terra, quæ lacte et melle manabat, Num. 16, 14, 13.

Linked entry: teár-líc

láreów

(n.)
Grammar
láreów, es; m.

A teacher ⬩ master ⬩ preacher

Entry preview:

Wé cildra biddaþ ðé eálá Láreów ðæt ðú tǽce ús sprecan nos pueri rogamus te, Magister, ut doceas nos loqui, Coll. Monast. Th. 18, 1. Ne gyrne gé ðæt eów man Láreówas nemne án ys eówer Láreów nolite vocari Rabbi: unus enim est Magister vester, Mt.

mann-cynn

(n.)
Grammar
mann-cynn, es; n.

mankind ⬩ men ⬩ the human race ⬩ a race of men ⬩ a people ⬩ men

Entry preview:

Hé ða burg gewann and eall ðæt moncynn ácwealde he took the town and slew all the inhabitants, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 112, 16.

ge-lícnes

(n.)
Grammar
ge-lícnes, -ness, e; f.

a likeness ⬩ image ⬩ resemblance ⬩ similitudo ⬩ imago ⬩ a parable ⬩ proverb ⬩ parabola ⬩ proverbium

Entry preview:

Gé secgaþ me ðas gelícnesse, Eálá lǽce, gehǽl ðé sylfne dicetis mihi hanc similitudinem [proverbium], Medice, cura teipsum, Lk. Bos. 4. 23

scill

(n.)
Grammar
scill, scell, scyll, e; f.
Entry preview:

Scellum concis, ii. 15, 18. the shell of an egg Se rodor ymbféhþ útan eall þás niðerlícan gescæfte, swá seó scell ymbféhþ ðæt ǽg, Shrn. 63, 10: Met. 20, 174. Fæger swylce hé of ǽgerum út álǽde, scír of scylle, Exon.

Linked entries: sciell scyl scyll scel scell

swán

(n.)
Grammar
swán, es; m.
Entry preview:

Hit gelamp ðæt ðæs swánes wíf hǽtte hire ofen . . . and cwæþ tó ðan kinge: 'Wænd ðú ða hláfes ðæt heó ne forbeornen, for ðam ic geseó dæighwamlíce ðæt ðú micelǽte eart. Shrn. 16, 13-20. Swána steorra (cf. swán-steorra) hesperius. Wrt.

sweor

(n.)
Grammar
sweor, swer, swyr, es; m. f.
Entry preview:

Ðú eart leóhtes swer, Blickl. Homl. 141, 1. Drihten swutelode him ðone weg on dæg þurh swert tácn on sweres gelícnysse, and on niht swilce án byrnende swer him fór beforan, Ex. 13, 21: Homl. Th. ii. 196, 8.

Linked entries: swer swyr

týn

(v.)
Grammar
týn, p. týde, tydde (týdde?); pp. týd
Entry preview:

Hé scole gesette in ðære cneohtas tydde and lǽrde wǽron instituit scholam in qua pueri literis erudirentur, Bd. 3, 18; S. 545, 45. v. ge-týan, -týdan ( in each case read -týn), and teón, III. 1

þeówen

(n.)
Grammar
þeówen, þíwen, [n]e; þeówene, an; f.
Entry preview:

H.) ðæt eáge út, L. Alf. 20; Th. i. 48, 24. Þeówne (or adj.?) bernam, Wrt. Voc. ii. 12, 24. Ðeáh hwá bebycgge his dohtor on þeówenne, L. Alf. 12; Th. i. 46, 12. Se fæder hire sealde áne þeówene ( servam ), Gen. 29, 29.

Linked entries: þeów þióen þíwen þýwen

weorold-líf

(n.)
Grammar
weorold-líf, es; n.
Entry preview:

Ðú eart ána God ðe ǽghwylc miht wundor gewyrcean on woruldlífe, 76, 11. worldly life, secular life Hé mynsterlíf ðam weoruldlífe forbær monasticam saeculari vitam praetulit, Bd. 5, 19 ; S. 637, 8. Hé óþer líf má lufode ðonne ðæt woruldlíf, S. 638, 7

á-reccan

Entry preview:

Hwá is þæt þe eall ðá yfel þe hí dónde wǽron ásecgean mæge oððe áreccean ?, Ors. 1, 8; S. 42, 7. tó áreccganne (-secganne?) expediari, Lk. p. 3, 7. to explain, expound Areccan explanare, Wrt. Voc. ii. 30, 46.

blind

(adj.)

dark ⬩ dim ⬩ blind

Entry preview:

Add: physical Ic wæs blind bám eágum, Hml. Th. i. 422, 7: Bt. 38, 5; F. 206, 26. Palpo ic grápige; hic palpo ðes blinda mann, hujus palponis ðyses blindan, Ælfc. Gr. Z. 216, 10.

el-þeódignes

exile ⬩ banishment ⬩ pilgrimage

Entry preview:

Hé his eard forlǽte for Godes lufon, and on ælþeódignysse fare (peregre proficiscatur), Ll. Th. ii. 224, 9. figurative, of this world Elhðeódignysse his on þyses lífes langférnysse peregrinationis suae in hujus uitae longinquitate, Scint. 29, 1.

fleógan

to fly ⬩ to flee ⬩ to avoid

Entry preview:

Hé eóde tó þǽre burge wealle, and fleáh út ofer (he threw himself over), þæt hé eall tóbærst, Ors. 5, 12; S. 244, 3. Flugon þá légetu swylce fýrene strǽlas, Bl. H. 203, 9. Gif mon óðrum þá hond útan forsleá . . . gif hió healf onweg fleóge, LI.

fore-spræc

Grammar
fore-spræc, fóre-spræc.

advocacy ⬩ excuse ⬩ preliminary speech ⬩ a preface ⬩ prologue

Entry preview:

L. 15, 22. speech by the representative of another, what is said by a sponsor Ðeáh þæt cild sprecan ne mage þonne hit man fullað, his freónda foresprǽc (forspǽc, v. l.) forstent him eall þæt ylce þe hit sylf sprǽce, Wlfst. 110, 4: 38, 16. what has been

frum-sceaft

(n.)
Grammar
frum-sceaft, e; f.
Entry preview:

Grn. 3, 19. origin Eálá gé eorþlican men, hwæt gé þeáh magon hwæthwego ongitan swelce eów mǽte be eówrum frumsceafte, ꝥ is God vos o terrena animalia, tenui licet imagine, vestrum tamen principium somniatis, Bt. 26, 1; F. 90, 4. original constitution

Copyright

All the data provided here are free for any purpose. If you use the data for academic purposes, we ask that you kindly cite us as your source. In case you need a large portion of the dictionary data or you need it in a specific format, let us know through the contact form, we are happy to do custom database dumps for researchers.

How to cite

You can cite the entries of the online version of the dictionary, or you can cite the scanned pages of the original paper editions.

  • To cite the online version of the dictionary, click the icon right under the entry.
  • To cite the scanned paper version of the dictionary, click the "show/hide this scanned page" link under the entry, check the scan and use the citation information right above it.