Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

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ceaster

(n.)
Grammar
ceaster, cæster, cester; ceastre; ceastre, ceaster, ceastra; f. The names of places ending in caster and -chester were probably sites of a castrum

a fortress ⬩ A city, fort, castle, town ⬩ urbs, civitas, castellum ⬩ the city ⬩ hæc civitas

Entry preview:

army towards Exeter, 168, 26, col. 1; 24, col. 2; 169, 21, col. 1; 18, col. 2. the name of a particular place, as CHESTER, CAISTOR, CASTOR, the city; hæc civitas He him sende scipon æfter, and Hugo eorl of Ceastre he sent ships after him, and Hugh earl

Linked entries: cæster Exan ceaster cester

clǽnsian

(v.)
Grammar
clǽnsian, clénsian, to clǽnsianne; clǽnsiende; ode, ade; od, ad [clǽne clean, pure]

To CLEANSE, purify, chasten, clear oneself ⬩ mundare, purgare, castigare, se liberare

Entry preview:

To CLEANSE, purify, chasten, clear oneself; mundare, purgare, castigare, se liberare Gif man eard wille clǽnsian if a man wishes to cleanse the land, L. Eth. ix. 40; Th. i. 348, 25: L. C. S. 7; Th. i. 380, 7.

Linked entries: be-clǽnsian clǽnsnian clǽsnian clénsian

leód

(n.)
Grammar
leód, e; f,

A people ⬩ nation ⬩ race ⬩ country

Entry preview:

Úres hláfordes gerǽdnes is ðæt man cristene menn of earde ne sylle ne húru on hǽðene leóde our lord's ordinance is, that Christian men be not sold out of the land, certainly not into a heathen country [or leóde = men, preceding word], L.

GE-DÉFE

(adj.)
Grammar
GE-DÉFE, -doefe; comp. -ra; superl. -est, -ust; adj.

Becoming ⬩ fit ⬩ proper ⬩ seemly ⬩ convenient ⬩ agreeable ⬩ decent ⬩ quiet ⬩ mild ⬩ meek ⬩ gentle ⬩ kind ⬩ benevolent ⬩ congruus ⬩ convĕniens ⬩ dĕcens ⬩ opportūnus ⬩ hŏnestus ⬩ quiētus ⬩ mansuētus ⬩ bĕnignus

Entry preview:

Eart ðú on lifigendra lande se gedéfa dǽl tu es portio mea in terra vīventium, 141, 5. On tíde gedéfre in tempŏre opportūno, Ps. Spl. C. 144, 16 : Bd. 4, 1; S. 564, 3.

Linked entry: deáf-líc

stillness

(n.)
Grammar
stillness, e ; f.
Entry preview:

Ðú eart nú of ðinre stilnesse áhworfen, Bt. 7, 1 ; Fox 16, 24. Gif wé ða stilnesse habbaþ, Past. pref. ; Swt. 7, 9. Habbaþ eów stilnysse and sibbe, Homl. Th. i. 592, 6.

car-ful

Grammar
car-ful, (care-).
Entry preview:

Add: of persons, filled with anxiety, anxious, troubled Ðú eart carful and bysig ymbe fela ðing thou art careful and troubled about many things (Lk. 10, 41), Hml. Th. ii. 440, 8. Ne beó ðú carful ymbe woruldlicum gestreónum, 344, 2.

el-þeódig

foreign ⬩ stranger ⬩ foreign

Entry preview:

Hé þæt folc on ellþeódge him wið feó gesealde reliquos sub corona vendidit, 3, 9; S. 124, 6. of a country, foreign Sum ríce man wolde faran on ælðeódigne eard, Hml. Th. ii. 548, 26

frymþ

(n.)
Entry preview:

Drihten him tó earde geceás Sione ǽrest æt frymðe praeelegit Sion in habitationem sibi, Ps. 131, 14. Þæt byð secga gehwám snytru on frymðe initium sapientiae, 110, 7.

ge-unrótsian

(v.)
Entry preview:

Sárnys ðé hrepode, and ðú eart geunrótsod ( conturbatus es ), Hml. Th. ii. 454, 19: Bt. 16, 4; F. 58, 8: 41, 2; F. 246, 14. Ðé ꝥ gedréfed and geunrótsad hæfþ, 10; F. 28, 4: Ps. Th. 9, 21.

Linked entry: un-rótsian

sár

(adj.)
Grammar
sár, adj.

Sore, painful, grievous, distressing

Entry preview:

Uncúðne eard cunnian, sáre síþas to make trial of a land unknown, of travails sore, Exon. Th. 87, 2; Cri. 1419 . Cwæð ðæt him wǽre weorce on móde, sorga sárost, Cd. Th. 122, 19; Gen. 2029

hyht

(n.)
Grammar
hyht, es; m. [f. Ps. Th. 77, 53.]

Hope ⬩ joyous expectation ⬩ joy

Entry preview:

Ðú eart hyht ealra ðe on ðysse eorþan útan syndon spes omnium finium terræ, 64, 6. Hwílum hié gehéton æt heargtrafum wigweorþunga bǽdon ðæt him gástbona geóce gefremede.

Linked entry: hiht

niman

(v.)
Grammar
niman, p. nam, pl. námon; pp. numen (kept in the slang word nim = steal. Cf. Shakspere's Corporal Nym).

to take ⬩ receive ⬩ get ⬩ sumere ⬩ accipere ⬩ to take ⬩ keep ⬩ hold ⬩ tenere ⬩ to take ⬩ catch ⬩ to contain ⬩ to take (with one) ⬩ carry ⬩ bring ⬩ to take (to one) ⬩ give ⬩ to take forcibly ⬩ seize ⬩ take away ⬩ carry off ⬩ tollere ⬩ capessere ⬩ auferre ⬩ rapere

Entry preview:

Eard niman to take up one's abode. Ðǽr ic eard nime hic habitabo, Ps. Th. 131, 15. Heofones cyning sylf cymeþ, nimeþ eard in ðé, Exon. Th. 5, 1; Cri. 63. Freónd-rǽdene niman amicitias jungere, Ex. 34, 12.

Linked entry: bi-nom

fæger

(n.; adj.)
Grammar
fæger, fægr; comp. m. fægerra; f. n. fægerre; sup. -est, -ost, -ast, -ust; adj. [fæger beauty, fairness]

FAIR, beautiful, joyous, pleasant, pleasing, sweet ⬩ pulcher, dĕcōrus, lætus, jucundus, dulcis

Entry preview:

Wyllan onspringaþ fægrum foldwylmum wells spring forth with pleasant bubblings from earth, Exon. 56 b; Th. 202, 3; Ph. 64: 64 b; Th. 238, 26; Ph. 610.

for-

(prefix)
Grammar
for-, is used in composition in Anglo-Saxon exactly as the English for: it often deteriorates, or gives an opposite sense, or gives strength to the words before which it is placed; in which case it may be compared with Gothic fra-, Dutch and German ver- [different from the Dutch voor, and German vor]. Forbeódan to forbid; fordéman to condemn; forcúþ perverse, corrupt; fordón to destroy, to do for. — Sometimes fór denotes an increase of the signification of the word before which it is placed, and is then generally to be in English very; valde, as fó;r-eáde very easily,
  • Homl. Th. ii. 138, 35
: fór-oft very often,
  • Bd. de nat. rerum
    • ;
  • Wrt. popl. science 11, 8
    • ;
  • Lchdm. iii. 256, 16.
For- and fór-, or fóre- are often confounded, though they are very different in meaning; as forseón [Flem. versien] to overlook, despise; fór- or fóreseón [Flem. veursien] to foresee. — If a word, having for, fór or fóre prefixed, cannot be found under for-, fór- or fóre-, it must be sought under the simple term, and the sense of the preposition added; thus, fór- or fóre-sendan is from sendan to send, and fór-, fóre before, to send before, etc. [On the vowel in for, fore, see remark in the preface.]

Linked entries: scrífan scyldigian síðian -witol -wríþan stalian swelgan swígan swigian swíðan syngian trúwian þeahtung þeón þingian meltan myrþrian nefa pyndan of-drincan -sáwenlic scirian seáþ -wyrpness setness -sewen -sewenlic -sewenlíce -sewenness síþ stregdan teón treddan trúwung weorþan manig micel nǽman neáh irman þrǽstness witig wlencan wrégan wundian wyrht brítan fær- feallan fyllan gǽgan gǽgednes

Dene-mearc

(n.)
Grammar
Dene-mearc, Dene-marc,e ; f: -marce, -mearce, -merce, an; f.

DENMARK ⬩ Dānia

Entry preview:

In Danish mark signifies a country; hence Denmark the low country of the Danes: so Finmark thee is the most early writer hitherto known, who mentions Denmark] Wulfstán sǽde ðæt he gefóre of Hǽðum.

Linked entry: Dena mearc

ilde

(n.)
Grammar
ilde, pl. m.

Men

Entry preview:

Men [a poetical term] Hátaþ ylde eorþbúende fison men, earth-dwellers, call it Pison, Cd. 12 ; Th. 14, 19; Gen. 221. Yldo ofer eorþan, 163 ; Th. 205, 15 ; Exod. 436. Nædran ða aspide ylde nemnaþ, Ps. Th. 57, 4.

Linked entries: ælde elde

grafan

(v.)
Grammar
grafan, ic grafe, græfe, ðú græfest, græfst, he græfeþ, græfþ, pl. grafaþ; p. gróf, pl. grófon; pp. grafen.
Entry preview:

Ðæt fýr græfeþ grimlíce eorþan sceátas the fire shall fiercely delve the tracts of earth, Exon. 22 b; Th. 62, 19; Cri. 1004: 95 a; Th. 354, 55; Reim. 66. Se forma feohgítsere gróf æfter golde the first miser delved after gold, Bt. Met.

clawu

Entry preview:

Clawwess). a claw, of a bird or beast Earnes clawa, Hml. Th. ii. 434, 9. Him ( birds) wǽron þá cleá blace (pedibus nigris ), Nar. 16, 16. Clawa ungularum, An. Ox. 8, 385. Seó culfre is unréðe on hire clawum, Hml. Th. ii. 44, 26.

forþ-weard

(adj.)
Grammar
forþ-weard, adj.
Entry preview:

Cf. forþ, 1 a Mé (a plough) þurh hrycg wrecen hongað under án orþoncpíl, óðer on heáfde fæst and forðweard fealleð on sídan, Rä. 22, 13. (1 a) fig. inclined towards :-- Ontýn eárna hleóðor, þæt mín gehérnes hehtful weorðe ... forðweard tó þé, Ps.

glæd-mód

(adj.)
Entry preview:

gyrneð ( is quick to desire ) þæt hé gódra mǽst dǽda gefremme, Ph. 462. of gentle mind, having kindly thoughts Eóde þá fromlíce fǽmnan tó sprǽce . . . þǽr hé glædmód geonge wiste wíc weardian (cf. the later prose version: Affrican hire feader feng on earst

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