Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

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breóst

Grammar
breóst, [The word occurs of all three genders, and can be used in the plural (dual) when a single person is referred to.]

the chest ⬩ thorax ⬩ the stomach ⬩ womb ⬩ a breast ⬩ mamma ⬩ mamilla

Entry preview:

Sceal mon þis wrítan and dón þás word on þá winstran breóst, Lch. ii. 140, 27. Breóstum pipillis, papillis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 94, 54. Brióst mamillas, Lch. i. lxxii, 2. breast as seat of feeling, &c.

or-dál

(n.)
Grammar
or-dál, -dél; generally neuter, but an apparently fem. acc. pl. ordéla occurs,
  • L. Edg. C. 24
    • ;
  • Th. ii. 248, 28
    • .
(Cf.
O. H. Ger. which has fem. and neut. forms
.
)

judicial decision, judgment ⬩ a decision which follows an appeal to the Deity

Entry preview:

When hot water was employed, if it were a case of ánfeald tihtle, the hand was plunged in up to the wrist, if of threefold, up to the elbow.

Linked entries: ísen-ordál wæter-ordál

tó-brecan

(v.)
Grammar
tó-brecan, p. -bræc, pl. -brǽcon; pp. -brocen

To break, ⬩ break in pieces ⬩ to break in two, ⬩ to break to pieces, ⬩ break up, ⬩ to separate into parts by striking or pulling ⬩ to overthrow, ⬩ break down, ⬩ ruin, ⬩ destroy, ⬩ put into confusion, ⬩ rout, ⬩ to destroy, ⬩ crush ⬩ to take by assault ⬩ to break a promise, pledge, etc., ⬩ to infringe, ⬩ violate ⬩ to break, ⬩ interrupt

Entry preview:

., to infringe, violate Swá hwá swá halt ðis write . . . hwá swá hit tóbreceþ, Chr. 675; Erl. 38, 27. Man his riht tóbræc, 975; Erl. 126, 17, Twégen gebróðra tóbrǽcon ðone regol, Homl. Th. ii. 166, 34. Gif hé his bebod tóbrǽce, Homl. Ass. 60, 217.

reccan

(v.)
Grammar
reccan, p. reahte, rehte.
Entry preview:

Hér begann se deófol tó reccanne hálige gewritu and hé leáh mid ðære race here the devil began to expound holy writ, and he was false in his exposition, Homl. Th. i. 170, 4.

Linked entries: and-reccan be-reccan ge-reccan

for-

(prefix)
Grammar
for-, is used in composition in Anglo-Saxon exactly as the English for: it often deteriorates, or gives an opposite sense, or gives strength to the words before which it is placed; in which case it may be compared with Gothic fra-, Dutch and German ver- [different from the Dutch voor, and German vor]. Forbeódan to forbid; fordéman to condemn; forcúþ perverse, corrupt; fordón to destroy, to do for. — Sometimes fór denotes an increase of the signification of the word before which it is placed, and is then generally to be in English very; valde, as fó;r-eáde very easily,
  • Homl. Th. ii. 138, 35
: fór-oft very often,
  • Bd. de nat. rerum
    • ;
  • Wrt. popl. science 11, 8
    • ;
  • Lchdm. iii. 256, 16.
For- and fór-, or fóre- are often confounded, though they are very different in meaning; as forseón [Flem. versien] to overlook, despise; fór- or fóreseón [Flem. veursien] to foresee. — If a word, having for, fór or fóre prefixed, cannot be found under for-, fór- or fóre-, it must be sought under the simple term, and the sense of the preposition added; thus, fór- or fóre-sendan is from sendan to send, and fór-, fóre before, to send before, etc. [On the vowel in for, fore, see remark in the preface.]

Linked entries: scrífan scyldigian síðian -witol -wríþan stalian swelgan swígan swigian swíðan syngian trúwian þeahtung þeón þingian meltan myrþrian nefa pyndan of-drincan -sáwenlic scirian seáþ -wyrpness setness -sewen -sewenlic -sewenlíce -sewenness síþ stregdan teón treddan trúwung weorþan manig micel nǽman neáh irman þrǽstness witig wlencan wrégan wundian wyrht brítan fær- feallan fyllan gǽgan gǽgednes

hwǽr

(adv.)
Grammar
hwǽr, [or hwær?], hwar; adv.

Where ⬩ anywhere ⬩ somewhere ⬩ wheresoever ⬩ wherever

Entry preview:

Hý writon hwǽr ánne dóm hwǽr óðerne they wrote at one place one doom, at another another, L. Alf. 49; Th. i. 58, 16. combined with swá, wheresoever, wherever Swá hwǽr swá hold biþ ubicunque fuerit corpus, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 28.

Linked entries: hwára hwar

wyrhta

(n.)
Grammar
wyrhta, an ; m.

a wright ⬩ workman ⬩ artificer ⬩ labourer ⬩ one who works at some trade ⬩ a maker ⬩ producer ⬩ author ⬩ creator ⬩ fabricator ⬩ the Creator ⬩ Maker ⬩ a doer ⬩ worker

Entry preview:

a wright, workman, artificer, labourer, one who works at some trade Wyrhta operarius, Wrt. Voc. i. 73, 25 : opifex, 47, 10. Yldest wyrhta architectus, 19, 14 : 47, 11. Se wyrhta (operarius) ys wyrðe hys metes, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 10. Wyrihte faber, Mk.

Linked entry: werta

ge-mearcian

(v.)
Entry preview:

Nis unc sceattes wiht tó mete gemearcod, 814. to indicate in writing, note, record Þá hí þis gehýrdon hí writon þone deg and gemearcodon ymbhigdiglíce quod illi audientes, sollicite conscripserunt diem, Gr. D. 306, 13.

singan

(v.)
Grammar
singan, p. sang, song, pl. sungon ; pp. sungen
Entry preview:

Kmbl. 2306 ; El. 1154. to narrate in verse, write Se scop sang, ðæt má manna fægnodon . . ., Bt. 30, tit. ; Fox xvi. 4. Sealmsceopas sungon and sægdon, ðæt se wolde cuman, Blickl. Homl. 105, 10.

wítega

(n.)
Grammar
wítega, an; m.

a wise man ⬩ one who has knowledge ⬩ one who has knowledge from a superhuman source ⬩ prophet ⬩ wise man ⬩ diviner ⬩ soothsayer ⬩ a presage

Entry preview:

Wǽron eác óðre wítegan ðe ne writon náne béc, Ælfc. T. Grn. 10, 8, 28. "Eówre wítgan (prophetae) eów wítgodon dysig ". . . Ða gódan láreówas beóð oft genemnede on hálgum gewritum wiétgan (wítgan, Cott.

Linked entry: wítiga

þanne

Grammar
þanne, <b>A. IV.</b>
Entry preview:

</b> add :-- Hwæt wille wé lencg wrítan be Martines wundrum, þonne Sulpicius sǽde ꝥ hí synd ungeríme, Hml. S. 31, 1301, <b>C.</b> add :-- Ðónne drincð se láreów ðæt wæter of his ágnum mere, ðonne hé gehwirfð ...

sceamu

(n.)
Grammar
sceamu, e; f.

modesty, bashfulness ⬩ shame, confusion ⬩ what causes a feeling of shame, disgrace, shame ⬩ the private part

Entry preview:

Forhwon wríhst ðú sceome? Cd. Th. 54,13; Gen. 876: 58, 7; Gen. 942: 95, 3; Gen. 1573. Scama ða wǽpen*-*lícan limo preputia Wrt. Voc. ii. 69, 16. Scamu, 68, 60. Similar entries (v. sceam-lim)

Linked entries: a-swǽrnung sceam-lim

swíðe

(adv.)
Grammar
swíðe, adv.
Entry preview:

Wé nellaþ be ðám ná swíðor áwrítan we will not write further about them, Homl. Th. ii. 466, 20. Wé willaþ furðor ymbe ðás emnihte swíðor sprecan . . . Embe ðis wé sprecaþ eft swídor we will say more about it later on, Lchdm. iii. 240, 1, 7.

Linked entry: swíðor

Ælfríc

(n.)
Grammar
Ælfríc, es; m. [ælf, ríc]

Ælfric ⬩ Ælfricus

Entry preview:

A list of his numerous books is given in Wright&#39;s Biographia Britannia Literaria, A. Sax. Period, pp. 485-494, and in Homl. Th. i. pp. vii-ix. Ælfric Bata was the pupil of the preceding Ælfric, the grammarian. In the title of the MS. in St.

HEARD

(adj.)
Grammar
HEARD, hard; adj.

HARD, harsh, austere, severe, rigorous, stern, stubborn, firm, hardy, brave ⬩ durus, rigidus, asper, acer

Entry preview:

Ðǽr wæs heard plega wælgára wrixl there was hard fighting exchange of deadly darts, 93; Th. 120, 5; Gen. 1989: Elen. Kmbl. 229; El. 115. Hé wæs ánrǽd heard and hygeróf he was resolute, hardy and noble-minded, Andr. Kmbl. 465; An. 233: Beo.

Linked entries: a-heardung heard-mód hnesce

múþ

Entry preview:

Ðá sylfan his láreówas æt (æfter, v. l.) his múðe writon and leornodan doctores suos auditores sui faciebat Bd. 4, 24; Sch. 486, 20. His word þe hié æt his sylfes múþe gehýrdon, Bl. H. 119, 32. Hé ne ontýnde múþ his, An. Ox. 40, 33.

ge-logian

(v.)
Grammar
ge-logian, l. ge-lógian,
Entry preview:

S. 6, 357. (2 a) of language, to write in good style :-- Scemata sind mislíce híw and fægernyssa on Lédensprǽce, hú heó betst gelógod beó, Ælfc. Gr. Z. 295, 5.

mǽl

(n.)
Grammar
mǽl, mál, mél, es; n. m. (?)

a measure ⬩ a mark ⬩ sign ⬩ cross ⬩ crucifix ⬩ fixed, suitable, appointed time ⬩ season ⬩ occasion ⬩ the time for eating ⬩ a meal

Entry preview:

Ealle hit writen mid Cristes mǽl all signed it with a cross, Chr. 963; Erl. 123, 25. Similar entries v. fýr-mǽl, ge-mǽl, grǽg-mǽl: O. Sax. hobid-mǽl head on a coin and cf.

Linked entries: mál grǽg-mǽl fót-mǽlum

þeód-scipe

(n.)
Grammar
þeód-scipe, es ; m.
Entry preview:

Ealle ða þing ðe hálige men writon on ealdum oþþe on neówum þeódscipe, Blickl. Homl. 133, 2. .vii. gebróðor geþrowedon deáþ for ðære ealdan ǽ bebode ...

ge-mengan

(v.)
Entry preview:

blóde brim weallende, ýða geswing eal gemenged, B. 848 : 1593. the object non-material Ðæs cyninges ríce ge foreweard ge forðgang swá monigum styrenessum wiðerweardra þinga ýðiað and gemengde syndon, ꝥ ꝥ mon nú gyt gewitan ne mæg, hwæt be þissum man wrítan

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