Bosworth Toller's

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary online

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endleofan

(n.; num.; adj.)
Grammar
endleofan, endlufon, endlyfun, inflected cases of endleof, endluf, endlyf [end = an one; unus; leof=lif, from lífan to leave; relinquĕre, Grm. ii. 947, or end = án one; lif ten; dĕcem; existing in Teutonic languages only in the words for 11 and 12; A. Sax. end-lif and twé-lf = twá-lf= twá-lif, Grm. Gsch. §246] ELEVEN ; undĕcim = ἕνδεκα
Entry preview:

Ósréd ðæt rice hæfde endleofan wintra Osred held the kingdom for eleven years, Bd. 5, 18; S. 635, 20. Mid híra endlufon sunum cum undecim filiis, Gen. 32, 22. Endleofan steorran eleven stars, Gen. 37, 9: Chr. 71; Th. 13, 3, col. 3

Linked entries: ændlefen ellefne

twelf-hynde

(adj.)
Grammar
twelf-hynde, adj. As applied to a person, of the rank for which the wergild was twelve hundred shillings; applied to the wergild, that must be paid for a person of such rank. As will be seen from the passages given below, the twelfhynde man was a þegn, and his importance, as marked by the wergild and otherwise, was six times that of the
Entry preview:

ceorl Ǽnig mǽgð, xii-hynde oþþe twyhynde, L. Ath. v. 8, 2; Th. i. 236, 10. Be xii-hyndum men. Gif hé sié twelfhynde, L. Alf. pol. 31; Th. i. 80, 14. Gif hió sié cirlisc mid .lx. sciłł. gebéte . . . Gif hió sié xii-hyndu .cxx. sciłł. gebéte, 18; Th. i

Linked entry: six-hynde

ge-bycgan

(v.)
Grammar
ge-bycgan, -bicgan, -bicgean; ic -bycge, -bicge, ðú -bygest, -bigest, he -bygeþ, -bigeþ, -bigþ, pl. -bycgaþ, -bicgaþ; p. -bohte, pl. bohton; pp. -boht

To buy ⬩ procure ⬩ purchase ⬩ redeem ⬩ emere ⬩ redimere

Entry preview:

Ðæt hý móston friþ gebicgean that they might buy peace, L. Eth. ii. 1; Th. i. 284, 13. Ic gebycge bát I buy a boat, Exon. 119 a; Th. 458, 11; Hy. 4, 99. Ðæt hí man beágum gebycge that one may buy her with bracelets, Menol. Fox 551; Gn. C. 45 : L. H.

Linked entries: ge-bicgan ge-bigeþ ge-boht ge-bygeþ

fæstnian

(v.)

to betroth

Entry preview:

Mon fæstnode þone frið ǽgðer ge wið Eást-Engle ge wið Norðhymbre, Chr. 906; P. 94, 21. Se here hine gecés him tó hláforde, and þæt fæstnodon mid áþum, 921; P. 103, 20. Wére trume fæstnie pactum firmum feriat, Lch. i. Ixix, 4.

un-gecyndelíc

(adj.)
Grammar
un-gecyndelíc, adj.

unnatural ⬩ not in accordance with the nature of a thing ⬩ not natural ⬩ supernatural ⬩ unnatural ⬩ contrary to nature ⬩ monstrous

Entry preview:

Hwæt wǽre ungecyndlícre, gif God næfde on eallum his ríce náne frige sceaft under his anwealde, Bt. 41, 2; Fox 244, 28

pund

Entry preview:

Twá and twéntig þúsend punda goldes and seolfres mon gesealde þám here of Ænglalande wið friðe, Ll. Th. i. 288, 11, Mid .v. pundum mǽrra pæninga, 62, 9.

sumer-lida

(n.)
Grammar
sumer-lida, an; m. [Lida, like the equivalent Icel. liði in sumar-liði, elsewhere refers to a single object, man or ship (v. lida, sǽ-, ýð-lida), but in the passage given below from the Chronicle seems to mean a fleet. Later in the same work liþ (q. v.), which seems taken from the Scandinavians, is used in this sense, e. g. ðæt lið ðæt on Sandwíc læg, 1052; Erl. 183, 40, can sumer-lida be intended to represent Norse sumar-lið? In one other place sumer-lida occurs, in company with words relating to the sea, and it there glosses malleolus; but here perhaps sumer-loda should be read, and malleolus be taken in the sense shoot, twig (see spæc); cf. O. H. Ger. sumar-lota, -lata virgultum, palmes. v. Anglia xiii. 330.]
Entry preview:

A summer fleet, one that sets forth in summer and returns in autumn Æfter ðissum gefeohte cuom micel sumorlida (tó Reádingum, MS. E.), Chr. 871; Erl. 74, 35. [Steenstrup takes the word to mean a force moving from its quarters in England, and leaving

ǽg-

(prefix)
Grammar
ǽg-, either a contraction of the prefixes á, ǽ, with a g added, as ǽg, or derived from aa = á, áwa, ǽw. It is used in compound pronouns and adverbs, as ǽg-hwá, ǽg-hwǽr, ǽg-hwilc, etc; but, in its place, we also find the prefix á as,—á-hwǽr, á-hwilc, etc. Both ǽg- and á- impart to their compounds a sense of universality.

Ever ⬩ always ⬩ semper

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Ever, always; semper:

be-lúcan

(v.)
Entry preview:

On his frið wunian belocun wiþ þám láþan, Lch. i. 390, 14. <b>Ia.</b> to secure, protect :-- Ic hig wigge beleác manegum mǽgða, B. 1770. to shut up a place, to prevent entrance into a place, close Hé þone hálgan hám beleác, Bl. H. 9, 7.

tǽl

(n.)
Grammar
tǽl, e; f.(?)

Evil speaking, calumny, detraction

Entry preview:

Ne fríne ic ðé for tǽle ne þurh teóncwide I do not question you that I may detract or abuse, Andr. Kmbl. 1265; An. 633. Hé þolaþ sárcwide secga ... Ic bí mé secge ðis sárspell ... Ic for tǽle ne mæg ǽniene moncynnes gelufian, Exon.

Linked entry: tál

múþa

(n.)
Grammar
múþa, an; m.

the mouth of a river ⬩ an opening ⬩ door

Entry preview:

Ǽlc ceápscip friþ hæbbe ðe binnan múþan cuman, L. Eth. ii. 2; Th. i. 284, 20; ii. 3; Th. i. 286, 6. Ofer Humbre múþan, Chr. 867; Erl. 72, 7. On súþhealfe Sæfern múþan ... óþ Afene múþan, 918; Erl. 104, 4-5 : Bd. 5, 24; S. 647, 20.

-tig

(suffix)
Grammar
-tig, -ty, a numeral suffix in words denoting the decades; up to 60 such words are formed with a suffix only, from 60 to 120 hund is prefixed and tig suffixed, hund-seofon-tig, hund-twelf-tig. Other dialects make a distinction in the numerals at the same point. Gothic uses tigus (pl. tigjus) in the earlier, -téhund in the later, O. Saxon -tig in the earlier, while 70 is given by ant-siƀunta; in
Entry preview:

O. H. Ger. the two forms are -zug and -zó. In O. Frs. and Icel. the same forms are used throughout. Tig is another form of the root seen in ten (tehan, g for h according to Verner's Law)

beódan

Entry preview:

Add: to command, with dat. of person Æðelstán beót his biscopum, ꝥ gé þone frið healdan, Ll. Th. i. 240, 12. Mín fæder mé býd, Gen. 50, 5. Ne budþú mé ná ælmessan tó syllanne, Ps. Th. 39, 7.

freónd-scipe

(n.)
Grammar
freónd-scipe, -scype, es; m.

FRIENDSHIP ⬩ amīcĭtia

Entry preview:

Ðæt man friþ and freóndscipe rihtlíce healde that peace and friendship be lawfully observed, L. Eth. v. 1; Th. i. 304, 10: vi. 8; Th. i. 316, 28. Git móston freóndscype fremman ye might foster friendship, Exon. 123 a; Th. 473, 21; Bo. 18.

wrixl

(n.)
Grammar
wrixl, e; f.

change ⬩ alteration ⬩ vicissitude ⬩ alternation ⬩ exchange ⬩ interchange ⬩ place ⬩ stead ⬩ a loan ⬩ what is given in return ⬩ return ⬩ requital

Entry preview:

change, alteration, vicissitude Ðæt is wræclíc wrixl in wera lífe, ðætte moncynnes Scyppend onféng æt fǽmnan flǽsc, and sió weres friga wiht ne cúþe, Exon. Th. 26, 12; Cri. 416.

læppa

(n.)
Grammar
læppa, an; m.

A skirt ⬩ lappet ⬩ lobe ⬩ lap ⬩ a detached portion ⬩ a district

Entry preview:

Hý móstan ðam læppan friþ gebicgean ðe hý under cyngces hand oferhæfdon they might purchase peace for that district which, subject to the king, they ruled over, L. Eth. ii. 1; Th. i. 284, 13. On læppan his hrægles in oram vestimenti ejus, Ps. Spl.

Linked entry: lappa

bærnan

to expose to the action of heat ⬩ to cauterize ⬩ to cause to give light ⬩ to consume by fire

Entry preview:

Bærned vel gehyrsted frigi, Wrt. Voc. ii. 150, 77. to cauterize:-- Se lǽce cyrfð oððe bærnð, and se untruma hrýmð, Hml. Th. i. 472, 15.

for-

(prefix)
Grammar
for-, is used in composition in Anglo-Saxon exactly as the English for: it often deteriorates, or gives an opposite sense, or gives strength to the words before which it is placed; in which case it may be compared with Gothic fra-, Dutch and German ver- [different from the Dutch voor, and German vor]. Forbeódan to forbid; fordéman to condemn; forcúþ perverse, corrupt; fordón to destroy, to do for. — Sometimes fór denotes an increase of the signification of the word before which it is placed, and is then generally to be in English very; valde, as fó;r-eáde very easily,
  • Homl. Th. ii. 138, 35
: fór-oft very often,
  • Bd. de nat. rerum
    • ;
  • Wrt. popl. science 11, 8
    • ;
  • Lchdm. iii. 256, 16.
For- and fór-, or fóre- are often confounded, though they are very different in meaning; as forseón [Flem. versien] to overlook, despise; fór- or fóreseón [Flem. veursien] to foresee. — If a word, having for, fór or fóre prefixed, cannot be found under for-, fór- or fóre-, it must be sought under the simple term, and the sense of the preposition added; thus, fór- or fóre-sendan is from sendan to send, and fór-, fóre before, to send before, etc. [On the vowel in for, fore, see remark in the preface.]

Linked entries: scrífan scyldigian síðian -witol -wríþan stalian swelgan swígan swigian swíðan syngian trúwian þeahtung þeón þingian meltan myrþrian nefa pyndan of-drincan -sáwenlic scirian seáþ -wyrpness setness -sewen -sewenlic -sewenlíce -sewenness síþ stregdan teón treddan trúwung weorþan manig micel nǽman neáh irman þrǽstness witig wlencan wrégan wundian wyrht brítan fær- feallan fyllan gǽgan gǽgednes

for-ðam

(con.)
Grammar
for-ðam, for-ðæm, for-ðan, for-ðon, for-ðam-ðe, for-ðæm-ðe, for-ðan-ðe, for-ðon-ðe; conj, [for that which]

For that ⬩ for that reason which ⬩ for ⬩ because ⬩ nam ⬩ quia

Entry preview:

Næfþ ðys word [willan] nǽnne imperātīvum, forðanðe se willa sceall beón ǽfre frig this verb [to will] has no imperative, for the will must always be free, Ælfc. Gr. 32; Som. 36, 11: Homl. Th. ii. 290, 1, 3, 25.

Linked entries: for-ða for-ðon

lystan

Entry preview:

Úre frið is wyrs gehealden ðonne mé lyste ( placeat ), Ll.

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